Astilba ndi nthumwi yamtundu wazomwe zimachokera ku banja la Saxifragaceae (Saxifragidae) ndikugwirizanitsa mitundu yoposa 30. Dzinalo limatha kutanthauzira kuti "popanda kuwala" ("a" - "popanda" "stilbe" - "kuwala"). Dzinali linapita ku duwa kuchokera kwa Lord Hamilton, katswiri wazomera waku Scotland yemwe, pophunzira ndikufotokoza za mtengowu, adazindikira kupanda nzeru kwa masamba ndi masamba.
Zomera zachilengedwe zimamera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje, m'nkhalango zowuma komanso m'malo ena pomwe chinyezi chimasungidwa nthawi zonse chilimwe. Amagawidwa mu vivo ku North America, East Asia ndi Japan.
Mitundu iwiri imatha kupezeka ku Russia - ku Far East komanso pachilumba cha Kunashir. Astilba imadziwika ndi kukana chisanu ndipo ku Canada imakhala pansi pa chipale chofunda kwambiri mpaka madigiri 37 pansi pa ziro.
Zambiri
Astilba ndiwosakhazikika kosangalatsa wokhala ndi gawo la mlengalenga likufera nyengo yachisanu. Kutalika kwa mizere yokhazikika kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera masentimita 8 mpaka 2 mita. Masamba oyambira, pazitali zazitali. Amatha kukhala osavuta, koma m'mitundu yambiri, kawiri kapena katatu-kiraso wokhala ndi m'malire. Mtundu wa masamba ndi wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira.
Maluwa a chomera ndi ang'ono, omwe amakhala osungika kwambiri, mapikidwe, chifukwa chake amawoneka okongola. Maluwa amabwera ndi zoyera, zofiirira, zonona, zapinki, zofiirira kapena zofiirira. Kutulutsa kwa Astilba mu Juni-Julayi komanso kutalika kwa maluwa ake "osakhwima" ndi masiku 25-35.
Mtengowo uli ndi mitengo yolimba, yolimba kapena yoluma, kutengera mtundu wake. Chaka chilichonse, kumtunda kwa nthambizu kumapanga mwana wamkazi, pomwe gawo lotsikalo limamwalira. Popeza kukula kwa nthambizo kumawonedwa (kukula kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 3-5 pachaka), mbewuyo imayenera kukonkhedwa ndi nthaka yachonde chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Mitundu ya Astilba ndi mitundu
Panicle inflorescences ikhoza kukhala ya ma genombic, piramidi, kutsika ndi mantha. Mitengo yamaluwa imakhala yochepa komanso inflorescence imawoneka yofiyira komanso yopanda mpweya, koma yopendekeka, ndikupatsa kufatsa kwa inflorescence ndi fluffiness.
Mitundu ina imakhala yokongola kwambiri, yophatikiza mitundu ingapo kapena mithunzi mu inflorescence. Izi ndi mitundu "Montgomery", "Peach ndi Kirimu" ndi "White Wings".
Kutengera kapangidwe ka inflorescence, magulu angapo a nyenyezi amasiyanitsidwa:
Pyramidal mawonekedwe - nthambi zina za inflorescence zimatalikirana pafupi kumanzere kwakukulu, pomwe zimachepera kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba.
Maonekedwe a Rhombic - nthambi zotsogola zimachoka pachitsulo chachikulu pakona pachimake, ndipo inflorescence imafanana ndi rhombus. Mtundu uwu wa inflorescence umapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Japanilil.
Mawonekedwe - pa ngodya yayikulu kuchokera pachitsime chachikulu, nthambi zambiri zamphepo zimachoka, zomwe zimasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana mpaka pamwamba. Izi inflorescence nthawi zambiri amakongoletsa Arends astilbe kukhala.
Mafomu otulutsa - inflorescence amakhala ndi nthambi zosinthika za drooping. Fomuyi imadziwika ndi mitundu yochokera ku nyenyezi yaku Lemoine ndi Thunberg.
Kutengera nyengo yamaluwa, pali:
- Kumayambiriro - zakuthambo zimayamba kuphuka kumapeto kwa June - Julayi.
- Chapakatikati - ukufalikira mu Julayi.
- Pambuyo pake - kusangalala ndi mitundu yawo mu Ogasiti.
- Astilbe adayikidwa ndipo kutengera kutalika kwa chomera:
- Kutsika - astilbe, kutalika kwake 15 mpaka 60 sentimita.
- Pakati - tchire limakhala ndi "kukula" kwa 60 mpaka 80 sentimita.
- Wamtali - mbewu zotalika masentimita 80 mpaka 2 mita.
Mmodzi mwa oimira ochepa kwambiri a astilbe ndi mitundu ya Lilliput, yomwe imakhala ndi masentimita 15 okha, ndipo apamwamba kwambiri, omwe amakula mpaka 2 metres, ndiye chodabwitsa cha David.
Mitundu 10 yokha ndi yomwe imamera pachikhalidwechi. Komabe, obereketsa anachita ntchito yayikulu yotulutsa ma hybrids, omwe tsopano alipo ambiri.
Astilba ndi ya mbewu, yomwe, ngakhale imakhala yokongola, ndiyosavuta kuyisamalira, ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe monga kuuma kwa dzinja, kulolerana kwa mthunzi, komanso kukana matenda ndi tizilombo.
Astilba kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro
Astilba imakonda mthunzi kapena kugwedezeka kwakanthawi kadzuwa lotentha kwambiri. Asayansi, atagwira ntchito yopanga mitundu yatsopano ndi ma hybrbe a astilbe, anathandiza "kumuyiwala" za kukula kwa kuthengo ndipo tsopano mitundu yambiri imakula bwino padzuwa. Maluwa okha pamtunduwu ndi ochulukirapo komanso ofupikirapo, ndipo masamba amakhala opepuka.
Mukamasankha malo a tsogolo la astilbe potseguka, ndikofunikira kulingalira nthawi yomwe maluwa ake akutuluka. Kwa mitundu yoyambirira komanso mochedwa, zilibe kanthu kuti zikule pati - padzuwa kapena pamthunzi, koma kutuluka kwa nyenyezi mu Julayi kumatha kuvulaza dzuwa lalitali, kufupikitsa nthawi yake yophuka.
Astilba ndi chomera chokonda chinyezi. Itha kumera ngakhale m'malo okhala ndi madzi osasunthika, koma sichimalola chilala. M'nyengo yotentha ndi chilala, ma astilba amatha kufa, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amathiriridwa m'mawa ndi madzulo tsiku lililonse mpaka kugwa.
Komanso, kuti titeteze mbali yakumtunda ya mpingowo kuti isamatenthe kwambiri komanso kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa chinyontho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch mbewu ndi makungwa kapena kumata. Kuphatikiza apo, mulch imalepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole, imathandizira kuti nthaka isasunthike ndikupanga nyengo zabwino za maililbe rhizomes nyengo yachisanu.
Mulch astilbe m'mabedi amaluwa ndikofunikira mutabzala. Thirani mulifupi wa masentimita 5, ndikuphimba dothi lonse mozungulira mbewuzo.
Pali mitundu ya zakuthambo yomwe imatha kumera munthaka youma. Ndipo hybrids ambiri aku China amamva bwino kwambiri dothi lolemera.
Kubzala ndi momwe manyowa a astilba kasupe
Mkhalidwe wofunikira pakukula ndi kukula kwa astilbe ndizokwanira zokwanira za potaziyamu ndi phosphorous m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, m'magulu ophatikizika, mita imodzi, zigawo zodzaza mbewu zimatsanulidwa 1-2 mafupa a chakudya ndi 25 magalamu a feteleza wovuta.
Pobzala mbewu m'munda wamaluwa, amakumba mabowo pafupifupi masentimita 30 ndikuzama, momwe ma phulusa awiri ndi phulusa la mafupa, magalamu 30 a feteleza wazakudya ndi humus amathiranso, sakanizani chilichonse ndikuthira pamadzi. Kenako mbewu zimabzalidwa ndikufundidwa ndi mulch wa 3-cm.
Astilbe imakula msanga ndipo ndikofunikira kupatukana ndikuwakuthira zaka 3-5 zilizonse. Chifukwa chakuti ma rhizomes a astilbe amakula pang'ono kupita kumtunda, tchire zakale zimayamba kutuluka kuchokera pansi ndipo mizu yaying'ono, yomwe ili kumapeto kwa impso, popeza ili pafupifupi pamtunda, imayamba kuyanika.
Nthawi yomweyo, maluwa amayamba kuchepa ndipo osakhala motalika, ndipo inflorescence imachepetsedwa kukula kwake. Ngati mukuthilira manyowa nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti michere ingakule pamalo amodzi mpaka zaka 20.
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ndipo mutatha maluwa kapena kugwa, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous zimawonjezeredwa 20 magalamu pachomera chilichonse. Dothi limatseguka pang'ono ndikuwumbika.
Kuthamangitsidwa kwa Astilba masika
Astilbe imatha kuikidwa nthawi iliyonse pachaka, ngakhale maluwa. Pambuyo Thirani, ndikofunikira kutulutsa madzi okwanira tsiku lililonse kwa milungu iwiri.
Mukabzala m'munda wamaluwa, mtunda pakati pa mbewu uyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 30, ndipo pankhani yodzala mitundu yayitali - 50 cm. Mukapangira malire a astilbe, mtunda pakati pa tchire umakhalabe womwewo - 30-50 sentimita.
Asanabzala, malowo amakumbidwa, namsongole ndi mbewu zina zimachotsedwa ndipo duwa la maluwa limathiridwa manyowa ndi peus kapena peat, mu ndowa ziwiri za feteleza pa 1 mita imodzi ya bedi la maluwa.
Monga tanena kale, phulusa, ufa wamafupa ndi feteleza umathiridwa mu dzenje lililonse musanabzale, kuthiriridwa ndi kubzalidwa mwanjira yoti mudzaze kukula kwamtunda ndi masentimita 5. Dziko lapansi mozungulira tchire limapangidwa ndikuyanika ndi peat kapena khungwa.
Mukukula, nyemba zam'madzi zimathilira pofunikira, chotsani namsongole, kumasula dothi ndikuthira manyowa. Lisanachitike dzinja, zimayambira pamimba zimadulidwa kuti zigwere pansi ndikuyiyika pamalowo.
Astilba wokula kuchokera nthangala
Kubalana ndi njere, njirayi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakufalitsa mitundu. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbande za astilbe zimatha kusunga mawonekedwe a chomera cha mayi chokha kapena ayi. Mbande zomwe zimamera pambewu zamtunduwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka.
Kukula kwa mbewu ya Astilbe kumakhala kochepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zonse samakhala ndi nthawi yakucha. Ngati muli ndi mwayi kudikira kuti kucha, ndiye kuti amagwedezeka mu inflorescence mu Seputembala ndikusungidwa mpaka kuphukira. Mu Marichi, 3: 1 sphagnum peat ndi mchenga zimayikidwa mu bokosi lalikulu kapena chidebe china, chipale chofewa chimatsanulidwa pamwamba, ndikuyambira kwa 1 centimeter.
Ngati kulibe chipale chofewa pamsewu, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chipale chofewa kuchokera mufiriji kapena kungothira madzi gawo lapansi. Mbewu zofesedwa pamwamba pa chisanu. Chipale, kusungunuka, kunyowetsa nthaka ndikuthandizira kuti mbewu zikagwemo. Matalala atasungunuka kwathunthu, chidebe chija chimayikidwa m'thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika kwa masiku 20 mufiriji kapena malo ena ozizira kuti muthe kupatuka.
Mbewu zikangotuluka, chidebe chomwe chimakhala nacho chimakonzedwanso pamalo owala ndi mpweya wabwino wa madigiri 18 mpaka 22 Celsius. Zomera zazing'ono zimathirira madzi mosamala kwambiri muzu. Olima ena amalimbikitsa kuthirira ndi syringe - jekeseni madzi mwachindunji mu gawo lapansi pansi pa chomera.
Kumera kwa nyemba za m'mlengalenga kumakhala kotsika, ndipo mbande zomwe zayamba kumera pang'onopang'ono ndipo kumapeto kwa chaka zimapanga maluwa ochepa masamba. Ngati mbewu zazing'ono sizikula limodzi, ndiye kuti titha kuzimbidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi ina.
Ngati mbande zamera pang'ono, ndiye kuti kumayenda kumiyendo kumachitika masamba 3-4 atawonekera. Astilba wakula kuchokera kumaluwa ambewu kokha mchaka cha 3 cha kukhalako.
Kukonzanso impso kwa Astilba
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira imeneyi, kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, duwa lobadwanso limadulidwa pafupi ndi chitsamba limodzi ndi gawo la nthangala yake. Palibe wopitilira 1/3 wa masamba omwe angathe kulekanitsidwa ndi chomera chimodzi popanda kuvulaza.
Mizu imachitika mu greenh nyumba mu gawo lokhala magawo atatu a sphagnum moss ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga, lomwe limatsanulidwa ndi wosanjikiza masentimita 7, pamwamba pamtunda wamba wachonde. Zomera zakuthambo ngati izi zimabzalidwe m'mundamu pakumapeto kwa nyengo yotsatira.
Kubereka kwa Astilba pogawa chitsamba
Kugawa chitsamba ndi njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta kwambiri pofotokozera nyenyezi. Nthawi yabwino kuchita izi ndi koyambirira kwa masika. Pankhaniyi, tchire lomwe langopangidwa kumene limakhalabe ndi nthawi yophulika chilimwechi.
Chitsamba chimagawidwa mwanjira yoti munthu aliyense kuchotsa masamba amalandila masamba atatu ndipo amakhala ndi mulitali wazitali masentimita 5 wokhala ndi mizu yolowera. Kukula kwa magawo omwe amapangidwawa kulibe kanthu. Chimodzimodzi mizu yaying'ono komanso yayikulu kuthengo. Ma rhizomes akale amachotsedwa pakadagawidwa.
Olima ena amalimbikitsa kuchotsa zipatso zoyenda mchaka choyamba mutabzala, kuti mbewuyo imatha kukula bwino ndikupatsanso maluwa ambiri chaka chamawa.
Mutha kugawana tchire la astilbe nthawi yamaluwa. Potere, simudzakhala kulakwitsa posankha mbewu mukamagula ndipo mudzapeza mitundu yomwe mumakonda.
Matenda a Astilbe ndi tizirombo
Astilba imayamba kutenga matenda ndi tizirombo. Nthawi zina, chomera chimadziperekera ku "kuwukira" kwa ma penbies amisala, ndulu ndi sitiroberi wa sitiroberi. Pennitsa imakhazikika m'mphepete mwa masamba, ndikupanga zobisika zomwe mphutsi zake zimakhala. Mphutsi izi zimadya masamba a chomera, omwe nthawi yomweyo amakwaniritsidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi mawanga achikasu.
Chifukwa cha izi, mbewuyo imayamba kuzimiririka ndipo ikhoza kutha kwathunthu. Mutha kuthana ndi ma pennies a cybber pamanja, kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwapadera pochiza ma astilbe.
Ndulu ya ndulu imalowa pamizu, ndikupanga ma galls - zophuka ndi nematode mkati. Amakhala akuwonekera pokhapokha mu nthawi yachiwiri ya nyengo yomera. Zomera nthawi yomweyo zimaleka kukulira komanso kuphuka bwino. Njira yolimbirana ndikuchotsa mizu kapena zomera kwathunthu.
Strawberry nematode imakhudza masamba, masamba ndi maluwa a astilbe, pomwe amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni ndi achikasu ndipo opunduka. Chomera sichikula ndikuyamba kufa. Njira yokhayo yothanirana ndi nematode iyi ndikuwonongeratu kwathunthu kachilombo kachilombo.
Astilba pakupanga mawonekedwe
Astilba ndi chomera chabwino chokongoletsera mabedi a maluwa ndi mapaki. Magulu ang'onoang'ono a maluwa oterera moyang'ana zitsamba zobiriwira amawoneka odabwitsa. Njira yabwio kutsata kungakhale kudzala nyemba pafupi ndi dziwe kapena pamalo pathanthwe.
Astilba imayenda bwino ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba akulu osalala omwe amapanga masamba osiyana ndi masamba otseguka otseguka. Zomera zotere zimaphatikizapo mwamantha, maluwa, lubani, tulips ndi zina. Ndikwabwino kubzala osati mitengo yayitali yamasamba omwe amatulutsa mchaka, mwachitsanzo, saxifrage, tenacity, mkungudza, ndi umbilical, kutsogolo kwa masukulu apamwamba. Malire opangidwa kuchokera ku astilbe amawonekanso okongola.
Popeza pali mitundu yosiyana ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana, mutha kusankha kuphatikiza kwawo mwanjira yoti inflorescence yowoneka bwino ya nyenyezi ingasangalale ndi maluwa ake nthawi yonse yotentha. Kubzala kumachitidwanso m'magulu, okhala ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana.
Maluwa a Astilbe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito podula. Ngakhale odulidwa, sakhala nthawi yayitali, koma amawonjezera mitundu yowala mkati mwake ndikudzaza chipindacho ndi fungo labwino la uchi. Ndizothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito inflorescence zouma za Astilbe m'misika yozizira.
Mapeto a maluwa, tchire limangowoneka ngati zokongoletsera, chifukwa cha masamba okongola ndi okongola. Ma Peduncle ngakhale okhala ndi mabulogo ambewu amawoneka okongola kwambiri, chifukwa chake samalimbikitsidwa kudula iwo asanagwe. Ndipo alimi ena amawasiyira nthawi yachisanu kuti adzatsitsimutse chipale chofewa.
Astilba adapeza ntchito yake ngati njira yachipatala. Chifukwa chake, kalekale, achi China adagwiritsa ntchito masamba ndi mizu yazomera ngati tonic, anti-yotupa, antipyretic wothandizira matenda a impso ndi khungu. Ndipo kuphika nyama kuchokera masamba a astilbe kumagwiritsidwabe ntchito ku Japan.
Astilbe Kukakamiza
Astilba ndi chomera chabwino kuphukira. Maluwa oyambira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yoyenera bwino. Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku India ya hybrid astilbe, yomwe imamera mchitsamba yaying'ono.
Kwa distillation tengani ana mbande zoyambitsidwa ndi kubereka ndi impso zatsopano, zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba 6. Zomera zopezeka pogawa tchire zakale sizili zoyenera kuchita izi. Zomera zosankhidwa za astilbe zimabzalidwa yophukira m'miphika ndikuyika malo ozizira, yokutidwa ndi nthambi za peat kapena spruce.
Kumayambiriro kwa dzinja, mbewu zimabweretsedwa m'zipinda momwe kutentha kwa mpweya ndi madigiri 10-14. Masamba akangoyamba kuphuka, matenthedwe amafunika kuwonjezereka mpaka madigiri 16-18 ndikuyamba kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Kumwaza kumera maluwa atayamba kuoneka, omwe akuyembekezeredwa masabata 10 mpaka 14 atayamba kukakamiza.
Ngati mungasunthirepo kumalo otentha mu February-Marichi, ndiye kuti mungayembekezere maluwa otuluka mwachangu. Mitundu yolimbikitsidwa ya distillation ndi Peach Blossom, Bonn, Europe, Emdem, Cologne ndi Deutschland. Kusintha kwa ma nyenyezi kumakhala kotchuka kwambiri kwa akatswiri olima aku Germany ndi achi Dutch.Zomera zotere zimakongoletsa maofesi ndi malo opezeka anthu ambiri.
