Nthawi yodzikundikira ndi nthawi yofunikira, muyenera kuyang'anira kutentha ndi chinyezi tsiku lililonse, komanso kupatsirana nthawi yake ndikusintha mazira. Oyamba kumene akuchita mantha ndi udindowu, chifukwa chake, timapereka malamulo ofotokoza kutulutsa nkhuku mnyumba mozizira kunyumba. Chonde dziwani kuti malingaliro onse akumanga, apo ayi anapiye ena amwalira mu bud.
Kusankhidwa kwa dzira
Kupambana mu bizinesi sikudalira khama la mwini wake, komanso mtundu wa mazira. Chifukwa chake, musanabadwe nkhuku moyenera ndi chofungatira, samalani ndi kusankha kwawo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kuweta nkhuku kuyenera kuyamba ndi nkhuku. Inde, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti sakudwala chilichonse ndipo alibe matenda obadwa nawo. Kupanda kutero, ma genetics a anapiye nawonso adzaphwanyidwa. Kenako, samalani ndi mazira, zomwe zikuonetsa bwino ndi izi:
- zonunkhira, zotheka kupatika - nkhungu, fungo lamadzi, mphesa, putri ndi fungo lina;
- kutsitsimuka - ndi alumali moyo wosaposa masiku 5-7;
- kusungidwa koyenera - pamtunda wosazizira kuposa 10-12 ° C, iwo omwe akhala mufiriji ayenera kutayidwa;
- mulingo woyenera - kwa mazira a nkhuku, ichi ndi chowunikira chowumbidwa pang'ono mbali imodzi, popanda zophukira, mawonekedwe. Ozungulira kapena otalika kwambiri amakhalanso okwatirana;
- palibe kuwonongeka - onani mosamala chipolopolo cha ming'alu ndi ma denti, madontho owuma osavomerezeka ndiovomerezeka yaying'ono;
- kulemera koyenera (50-60 g) - anapiye ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amawoneka zazing'ono, ndipo zazikulu zimakhala ndi ma yolks awiri.
Chipolopolo cha dzira chimakhala chotupa kuti mpweya umalowemo, komanso ulinso ndi microflora yakeyake. Osasamba kapena kupukuta mazira.
Mukamayang'ana mazira, ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi chipangizo chapadera - ovoscope. Mukamasinthasintha, samalani ndi zosiyana zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Muyenera kupeza yolk ndi chipinda cha mpweya. Zilili zikhale pakati kapena pang'ono pafupi ndi kumapeto. Simungatenge dzira lomwe yolk ili pafupi ndi chipolopolo. Chipinda cha mpweya chizikhala chakumapeto. Voliyumu yabwinobwino kwa iyo ili ndi supuni. Dzira lomwe lili ndi kachipinda kakang'ono ka mpweya silokwanira.
Zosafunikira
Mukasankha, komanso nthawi ya nkhuku zomwe zikuyambitsa kunyumba, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zomwe zili mkati ndikuchotsa mazira omwe ali ndi ma development development. Musanayambe kuweta nkhuku mu chofungatira, kumbukirani zovuta zomwe zingachitike pakusasitsa kwa mluza.
Madontho
Nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pansi pa chipolopolo, zimayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana. Malovu amatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake.
Bakiteriya cuff
Mabakiteriya angapo am'madzi am'madzi, omwe mapuloteni amadzala ndikupanga mtundu. Dzira ndi opaque.
Zowuma
Ndi matenda awa, dzira limatuluka ndipo limawuma mkati mwa chipolopolo. Dzira limatha kukhala ndi fungo labwino.
Madontho a magazi
Poterepa, ma inclusions amwazi amapezeka pamwamba pa yolk kapena mapuloteni.
Krasyuk
Ndi ovoscopy, zomwe zimawoneka zimayenderana ndi tint yofiyira. Ma yolk ndi chipinda cha mpweya sizowoneka.
Choke
Pathology imayamba pambuyo pakuwonongeka kwa nembanemba ya chipolopolo panthawi yosungirako kwa tsiku limodzi.
Mwa izi zilizonse za dzira, dzira liyenera kutayidwa; ndi kosatheka kuwaza kapena kuwaphika kuti ayilowe.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe
Kuyambira pomwe mazira ayikidwa, makulidwe awo amayamba. Nthawi yolowera imatha pambuyo poti nestling yomaliza iluma. Kuberekera nkhuku mu chofungatira kumasiyana ndi kuwaswa kwa goslings mwa nthawi ya makulitsidwe, kusunga kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Kuyika mazira mu chofungatira
Musanasiye mazira mu chofungatira kunyumba, konzekerani ndi chipinda chofungatira. Chipinda chamkati cha chipangizocho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera ndi chaphweya. Pokonzekera chofukiziracho kuti chizikhalanso kunyumba, ndibwino kusiya mazira ake kutentha kwa maola 8 kuti atenthe pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Ndikofunika kuti muziwonetsa kumapeto kwake ndi cholembera pogwiritsa ntchito phata kapena zero. Izi zikuthandizirani ndikuwongolera kutembenuza.
Kuwongolera makulidwe obwera
Kutentha ndi chinyezi mu chofungatira cha nkhuku ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ola lililonse. Ngakhale kusintha pang'ono chabe (0.5-1 ° C) kumachepetsa kukula kapena kufa kwa mazimba. Mukayika mazira, matenthedwe ayenera kukwera mpaka 37 ° C mu maola 3-4. Munthawi yonse ya makulidwe, kutentha ndi chinyezi zimasintha kangapo.
Ndondomeko ya makulitsidwe
Kusasitsa kwa mazira agawika magawo anayi, iwo amaperekedwa mwachidule mu tebulo la mazira a nkhuku mu chofungatira.
Gawo 1 - kuyambira 1 mpaka 7 masiku. Mtima, kayendetsedwe kazinthu ndi zoyambira zamkati zimapangidwa. Kuwongolera sikofunikira panthawiyi, koma pofika kumapeto, mwana wosabadwayo afunika kale mpweya. Kutentha kwambiri ndiye 37.8 ° C. Chinyezi chimasungidwa m'dera la 55%. Mazira amafunika kutembenuzidwa maola 6 aliwonse, ndiye kuti, 4 pa tsiku. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti musatsegule chofungatira.
Ndikofunika kuphatikiza chofungatira ndi thireyi chosinthika ndi dzira.
Gawo 2 - kuyambira masiku 8 mpaka 14. Panthawi imeneyi, mafupa ndi mulomo amapangidwa mluza. Kutentha kumakhala kofanana ndi nthawi yapitayi, koma chinyezi chimachepetsedwa patadutsa masiku 3-4 mpaka 45%. Sinthani mawonekedwe a mazira maola 4 alionse - 6 pa tsiku. Timafunikiranso kuthira mazira mpweya wa oxygen, izi zizichitidwa kawiri pa tsiku kwa mphindi 5.
Gawo 3 - kuyambira 15 mpaka 18 masiku. Tembenuzani mazira 6 pa tsiku, pomwe mpweya umakulitsidwa mpaka mphindi 15-20, komanso kawiri pa tsiku. Chinyezi chimakulitsidwa mpaka 50%, kutentha kumapangidwa chimodzimodzi. Pamapeto pa nyengoyi, kuwaswa bwino, nkhuku zimayamba kumveka phokoso ndikutembenuzira dzira.
Gawo 4 - kuyambira 19 mpaka 21 masiku. Choyamba, amasiya kutembenuzira mazira, nkhuku ndi zamphamvu mokwanira ndipo amachita okha. Chepetsani nthawi yojambulira mpaka mphindi 5 kawiri pa tsiku. Chinyezi chikuwonjezeka mpaka 65%, kutentha kumachepetsa kukhala 37.3 ° C. Pamapeto pa nthawi imeneyi, kulumikizana kwa nkhuku kumachitika chofungatira.
Mukamatsatira malamulo onse omwe atchulidwa ndikuwunika momwe ogwiritsira ntchito amapangidwira, ndiye kuti ana anu adzakhala ambiri. Mwa mazira ang'onoang'ono, anapiye ndi oyamba kusankhidwa. Atadulidwa, anapiyewo amaloledwa kuti aume, apeze mphamvu, kenako nkhuku zochokera chofungatira zimasunthidwa pansi pa nkhuku kapena chotenthetsera. Zoyenera kukhala mmenemo sizoyenera anapiye. Pambuyo pogwira anapiye onse, chofungatira chimatsukidwa ndikuchotsa majeremusi.
Kuwongolera ndi mwina zovuta
Ngakhale omwe ali ndi maubwino apamwamba kwambiri komanso eni ake ali ndi chitetezo sakhala otetezeka pazadzidzidzi. Kuti mudziteteze nokha ndi mazira anu kuzimitsa magetsi, gulani ma incubator okhala ndi mphamvu yopopera. Ngati ana akuwunda, muyenera kutsegula chofungatira kwakanthawi ndikuzizira mazira. Ndi hypothermia, mutha kuphimba kamera kwa maola 2-3 ndi madzi otentha otentha. Kusinthasintha pang'ono kutentha ndi chinyezi sikungawononge ana, koma njira zonsezi ziyenera kuchitika mwachangu.
Inde, muyenera kutsatira dongosolo la mazira, ndipo mukuyeneranso kuwunika mozama masiku omwe nkhuku zimasungidwa chofungatira. Mitanda ndi zala zakumazira zizithandizira kuyang'ana mazira.
Ndikofunikanso kuwongolera kukulitsa nkhuku pogwiritsa ntchito ovoscopy. Mazira onse osalongosoka ayenera kutayidwa nthawi yomweyo. Kujambula ndikulimbikitsidwa pa 6 ndi tsiku la 11. Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi, mitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima ziyenera kuwonekera. Pa tsiku la khumi ndi limodzi, dzira lomwe lili pachimake liyenera kuda.
