Nthawi iliyonse, osamwetsa vinyo wabwino, anthu samvera khutu ndipo mosataya amaponyera pansi zinyalala. Koma nthawi zina ndikofunikira kuyimitsa ndikulingalira mtengo wamphaka wamphamvu kuti uyamikire mphatso yachilengedwe. Kupatula apo, dziko lonse lapansi ladzala ndi mphatso zake ndipo zambiri mwa izo sizidziwika kwa anthu. Tiyeni tiyesetse kudziwa chomera chodabwitsa, chomwe si mitengo yamphesa yokha yomwe amapanga.
Onaninso: Malangizo othandizira nkhuni!
Zodziwika za chomera chachikulu
Mtengo wa nkhata ndi wa banja la Beech ndipo ndi mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse. Kutalika kwake nthawi zambiri kupitirira 20 metres. Damu la mtengo wachikulire ndi masentimita 100. Masamba ake ndi amtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Mphepete zimasanjidwa. Kapangidwe kake kanapitirira. Mbali yakunja ya mbaleyo imakhala yonyezimira komanso yotuwa. Mwambiri, masamba ndi nthambi zimapanga chisoti chachifumu chofalikira.
May atabwera, maluwa okongola amawonekera pamtengo. Popita nthawi, amapanga zipatso - ma acorn. Amakula padzala limodzi pazinthu ziwiri kapena zitatu. Amatambasuka pafupifupi masentimita atatu, ndi theka la sentimita. Zipatso zimapsa mkati mwa kalendala imodzi.
Mtengo wa nkhumba umakula pang'onopang'ono. Ali ndi zaka 25, zimakhulupirira kuti nthawi yakukula yafika. Kutalika kwa mmera ndi pafupifupi zaka 300. Makope ena amakhalapo mpaka 400. Akadangokhala anthu ambiri akadakhala zambiri!
Nthawi zambiri, mitengo yomwe ili ndi zaka zopitilira 250 imadzulidwa, chifukwa imataya makulidwe awo.
Mu chilengedwe, pali mitundu iwiri ya mitengo yotere:
- mtengo wa nkhata "Weniweni";
- nkhata Bay "Western".
Ku Far East amakula wachibale wake wakutali - Amur Velvet, yemwe amatchedwanso mtengo wa cork. Ngakhale makungwa ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale, ndiwotsika kwambiri pamtundu woyamba.
Malo omwe chilengedwe cha mitengo ya nkhata imakhala pamalo okwera mamitala 500 kutalika kwa nyanja. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Mediterranean, komanso ku Spain, Portugal, Crimea ndi Caucasus. Titha kunena kuti anthu ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana adalandira mphatso yamtengo wapatali, kuti padzakhale zikho za vinyo zokwanira aliyense.
Mafani azomera zakunja ayenera kuganizira kuti mtengowo su kuloleza kutentha kwa pansi pa madigiri 20.
Zodabwitsa za mtundu uwu wa thundu ndi khungwa lake lapadera. Mkati mwake mumakhala timitengo totseka tomwe timatha kugwira timadzimadzi mkati mwa thunthu. Chifukwa chake, mtengowo umalolera mozizwitsa chilala - chomwe chimachitika kawirikawiri m'maiko ofunda. Zithunzi za mtengo wa mtengo wa khungwa mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe zimakondweretsedwa kwambiri ndi okonda malo obiriwira padziko lapansi.
Mtengo wa cork umamera pomera ma acorns kapena mbande. Ngakhale mbande zazing'ono sizikhala nthawi zonse kutengera mawonekedwe a mtengo wa mayi. Chifukwa chake, ndikukula kwakulitsa, wamaluwa amangosankha okhwima komanso zipatso zazikulu.
Khungwa la mtengo wa khungwa chapadera
Pafupifupi mitengo yonse padziko lapansi ili ndi phindu lake. Ena amabala zipatso, ena amakongoletsa malo okhala, pomwe ena amakhala nyumba za mbalame ndi nyama. Ngakhale mtengo utafa, umapindulabe. Amapanga mipando yokongola mmalo mwake, amamanga nyumba ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ngati chilengedwe. Koma mtengo wa nkhata ndi wapadera kwambiri.
Zomera zikakhala zaka zopitilira 3, khungwa limayamba kukula, zomwe ndizipadera zake. Pakatha zaka 16 - 20, imafika kukhwima kwathunthu ndipo imakutidwa ndi ming'alu kunja. Ndi panthawiyi pomwe amatha kudula zofunikira za mafakitale.
Makungwawa amakhala ndi maselo amitengo yakufa, omwe amadzaza ndi chinthu chapadera - suberin. Zotsatira zake ndi zinthu zomwe sizimalola:
- chinyezi
- madzimadzi
- mpweya.
Kukhalapo kwa ma pellogen mu kotekisi kumapangitsa chidwi chake mkati mwake. Mpaka pano, asayansi sanathe kupanga analogue mwanjira imeneyi. Mphamvu zake zamphamvu zamagetsi komanso kusaloleza kuwaza ndi momwe zimafananirana ndi anthu amitundu yambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, khungwa la mtengo wa "cork limadziwika ndi kutanuka kopanda malire, ngakhale kuli kotheka kulemera. Zinthuzi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakampani opanga komanso popanga nsapato.
Ndikwabwino kuchotsa khungwa pomwe madzi ake akuyenda panjira. Kenako imasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi thundu.
Popeza mtengo umayenera kuchira pambuyo podula makungwa, nthawi yambiri iyenera kudutsa, pafupifupi - zaka 9. Ndipo sizosadabwitsa kuti kumayiko monga Spain ndi Portugal, munthu amatha kuona malo osadziwika bwino amitengo yopanda makungwa.
Njira yochotsa makungwa pamtengo
Popeza nkhanizo zimayamikiridwa kwambiri, kuchotsedwa kwake kumachitika molondola komanso mwaluso. Ndikofunika kuti musawononge mtengowo komanso kuti musawononge zida zamtengo wapatali zofunika. Poyamba, pezani kukula kwa kutumphuka. Ayenera kukhala osachepera 3 cm. Kenako amaika chotsika ndikupanga woyamba kuzungulira thunthu lonse la thunthu. Mphepete pansi pazinthuzi mulinso osazindikira. Kenako mipata imalumikizidwa, ndikupanga mabala kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Ndi fosholo yapadera, khungwa limasiyanitsidwa mosamala ndi thunthu ndikukulungika pansi pa denga kuti liume.
Njira zotere sizikhudza kayendedwe kake kamtengo. Imakulabe, kumera ndi kubala zipatso, kusangalatsa ena ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Kuti tithandizire kukulira kwa kotekisi, kukonzekera kumakhala kofunikira. Mtengowo ukakhala ndi zaka 15, mutha kuchotsa woyambayo. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "namwali" ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwera m'manja mokha. Pakatha zaka khumi, padzakhala gawo latsopano, lomwe lidzakhale labwino kwambiri. Khungwa la mtengo wa nkhata, lomwe lili ndi zaka zoposa 150, limapindulitsa kwambiri. Zomera zikakhala kale zopitilira 200, kutumphuka kumasungunuka kwamtundu ndikutaya mawonekedwe ake apadera. Palibe zodabwitsa pakati pa anthu pali lingaliro: "Chilichonse chili ndi nthawi yake." Chachikulu ndichakuti musaphonye mwayi wanu.
