Kaloti ndi ena mwa masamba ofunika kwambiri patebulo lathu. Zakudya zambiri zotchuka zimagwiritsa ntchito masamba otchuka awa. Mlimi aliyense amalima kaloti pachaka kuti akolole zokolola zabwino. Pakadali pano, ndizotsika mtengo, koma kuyandikira kumapeto kwa kasupe kumayamba kukwera mtengo. Ngati mukukula nokha, mutha kusunga ndalama ndikudya masamba abwino komanso abwino.
Kwa odziwa wamaluwa podzala kaloti palibe phindu lalikulu. Amadziwa njira zambiri zobzala masamba awa ndipo chaka chilichonse amakhala ndi zokolola. Tiyesanso kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane momwe titha kubzala kaloti ndi zomwe zikufunika kuganiziridwa kuti tisonkhanitse mbewu zabwino komanso zokoma m'munda.
Ntchito yokonzekera musanafese
Mtengo wabwinobwino komanso wosakoma uli ndi mankhwala ambiri, motero kupeza zokolola sikophweka. Kaloti amathanso kufesedwa katatu pachaka chonsechi ndipo aliyense ayenera kusankha yekha mwanjira zomwe angasankhe:
- chomera m'nyengo yozizira;
- kubzala kumayambiriro kasupe;
- chomera m'chilimwe.
Nthaka yofesa mbewu kaloti ayenera kukhala onyowa. Izi zipangitsa kuti njere zizigwiritsa ntchito chinyontho chomwe chakhala m'nthaka. Pamene nthaka yonyowa kaloti ikwera mwachangu ndipo padzakhala mbande zambiri.
Pamaso kufesa kulikonse, ndikofunikira kukonzekera mabedi. Ma grooves amapangidwa dothi lotayirira ndi mtunda wa 18-20 masentimita kuchokera kwa inzake. Kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 5-6 cm. Zitatha izi, poyambira amayenera kuthiriridwa ndikukulungidwa. Mbewu zimatsitsidwa moyanjana mpaka mainchesi pafupifupi 1.5, ndipo pomwepo ma dothi onse amawazidwa ndi lapansi. Ndikofunika kuti nthaka ikhale yotalikirana pafupi ndi njere, izi zitha kulumikizana bwino ndi dothi ndikupereka chidziwitso kwa mbewu. Ndikofunikira kupopera bedi ndi madzi, komanso kumalowetsa ndi mulat youma mu 1 cm.
Kuti muchepetse kumera kwa nthangala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chophimba. Wamaluwa nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito filimu yoyatsirakusiya kusiyana pakati pa kanemayo ndi kama wa pafupifupi 5-6 cm.njira iyi imalola dothi kuti lisakhale louma komanso kupewa kutumphuka. Pambuyo mbande, filimuyo imachotsedwa, apo ayi mphukira imatambasuka.
Momwe mungabzala kaloti nthawi yachisanu?
Kuti muthe kukolola masamba oyamba ndi aliyense wokondedwa, muyenera kubzala mbewu nyengo yachisanu isanachitike. Pachifukwa ichi, malo omwe atetezedwe ndi madzi osefukira ndi abwino. Ndikofunika kuti bedi silikuwombedwa ndi mphepo zamphamvu ndipo limayera namsongole.
Dera losankhidwa limakumbidwa ndikuzama 20-25 cm, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, humus imayambitsidwa. Ngati dothi lili louma, liyenera kuthiriridwa bwino ndikufalitsa namsongole zikaonekera. Ma grooveswo amapangidwa kuti akuya ndi 4-5 cm ndikufundidwa ndi chopepuka cha 1-1,5 cm humus, peat kapena kompositi, zonsezi zimayenera kukhala zouma. Ngati sichoncho, mutha kutenga mchenga pacholinga ichi. Ndi zofunika mulch nthaka.
Mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa youma nthawi zonse, poyerekeza ndi kufesa kwa masika, kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kupitilira 25-30% moonjezera pabedi.
Nthawi yonse yozizira, mbewu zimadutsa magawo a kuuma kwachilengedwe. Izi ziwapatsa mwayi kuti athe kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu pambuyo pakuphukira. Ziziwonekera koyambirira pofika pafupifupi masabata awiri kuposa kufesa masika Kaloti ofesedwa chisanu isanachitike amakhala ndi mizu yolimba, popeza mbewu za m'mizu zimadyetsa chinyezi chambiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri, mbewu za muzu wozizira zimawononga tizirombo pang'ono. Zokolola ndizotheka sonkhanitsani milungu iwiri kalekuposa ndi kubzala kwa masika.
Kusankha mbeu yoti mubzale nthawi yozizira ndikwabwino kwa iwo omwe amalimbana ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Zotsatira zomwe sizoyenera kusunga nyengo yachisanu, ziyenera kudyedwa isanayambike nyengo yozizira.
Kusamalira ndi kuthirira mabedi
Nthawi yoyamba mbande itakwana, mabedi amafunika kumasula dothi, makamaka nthawi yamvula. Namsongole ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yonse ya kukula kwa kaloti. Komanso mizere yokhala ndi mizu imadutsa kuti isakule kwambiri. Mabedi azithiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, apangidwe feteleza feteleza. Ntchito zonsezi ziyenera kuchitidwa munthawi yake kuti mukolole bwino.
Ndi kukula kwa mbewu ya muzu kukhala yayikulu, alibe malo okwanira achitukuko. Ngati sichinapangidwe pakuonda, mizu yake imakhala yopyapyala komanso yopindika. Kuti mukhale ndi mizu yolimba komanso yathanzi, muyenera kusiya zazikulu, ndikuchotsa zofooka. Kutalika kwa mphukira kukafika masentimita 5-7, kuwonda m'mizere kumayamba. Nthawi zambiri ntchito imeneyi imachitidwa kawiri konse ndipo yabwino koposa yonse mukamasula. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu yamizu uyenera kukhala wosachepera 2-3 cm.
Pa kuwonda muzu mbewu zowazidwa ndi lapansikuti asagwidwe ndi tizirombo, monga ntchentche ya karoti.
Kaloti amakonda chinyezi ndipo kuthirira nthawi yake ndikofunikira kuti akolole zochuluka. Kutsirira koyenera kumachulukitsa zokolola nthawi 1.5, komanso kumakongoletsa kukoma kwa masamba. Ngati kulibe chinyezi chokwanira, kaloti amakhala opanda matope komanso opanda vuto. Kuthirira kwabwino masamba - 1 nthawi 8-10 masiku, kumwa 1 mita2 Malita 6-8 a madzi. Ngati kaloti atasefukira kwambiri ndi chinyezi, izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa nsonga, ndipo mbewu zazu zimamera pang'onopang'ono.
Ngati pamoto wotentha masamba azaza, mizu yake imasweka. Ndikofunika kuti tisadzaze ndi madzi mwachangu kwambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono kuti dothi linyowe pansi mpaka litadzaza pang'ono. Moyenera, dothi liyenera wadzaza ndi chinyezi mpaka akuya 12-15 cm. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kumasula dothi pabedi ndi kaloti musanatsirire kenako ndikuthirira. Njira yabwino yothirira ndikupangira mizere yopanda malire pakati pa mizere ndikuwadzaza ndi madzi. Pambuyo pake, kuwaza ndi lapansi lotayirira. Pafupifupi milungu itatu musanakolole zamasamba, kuthirira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa.
Madzi ozizira amakhala ndi vuto loipa pamizu, chifukwa chake ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amvula kapena omwe adayimilira padzuwa m'mbale zothirira. Kuthirira madzulo kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri.
Kupalira ndi kuvala pamwamba
Kupalira koyamba kumachitika mbande zikadali zazing'ono, pafupifupi 2-3 cm. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala, kumasula njira yokhayo ndikutsimikiza kuti muchotse namsongole. Ngati zitsamba sizichotsedwa pa nthawi, zimamera mwachangu ndikulepheretsa masambawo kukula. Zotsatira zake, izi zidzatsogolera theka la mbewu.
Ngati kaloti amakula pamadothi ndi mawonekedwe olemera, ndiye pa iwo pambuyo pakagwa mvula yambiri kutumphuka kumawonekera. Zidzawonjezereka kusinthana kwa gasi ndipo mbande sizitha kukula bwino chifukwa cha izi. Kupalira kwakanthawi pakati pa mizere kumathandiza kuti mbewu za mizu zikule bwino. Muyenera kumasula dothi lozama -4-5 masentimita, makamaka nyengo yotentha, kuti namsongole amafa mwachangu. Mukamasula kwambiri, mutha kuwononga mizu.
Pakakhala masamba 3-4 pamutu wa kaloti, ndikofunikira kudyetsa. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito:
- feteleza wa nayitrogeni (urea);
- phosphoric;
- potashi;
- yankho la mbalame zitosi (zam'mera zokhazikika);
- feteleza wa mchere.
Z feteleza zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino nthaka ikanyowa, motero imakhala yolimba. Olima odziwa zamaluwa nthawi zambiri amatha kuvala zovala zosavuta - udzu kulowetsedwa ndi phulusa. Mapangidwe omalizidwa amawonedwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri ndipo amathandizira kwambiri zipatso za kaloti.
Kukula kaloti wokhala ndi zipatso zambiri komanso chokoma sikovuta ngati mugwiritsa ntchito malangizo a olima odziwa zamaluwa ndikugwira ntchito molimbika. Zokolola zabwino m'munda mwanu zimakuthandizani kuti mudye masamba athanzi komanso mavitamini ambiri pafupifupi chaka chonse.
