Ngati mumatenga mbewu zonse zomwe zimamera mu dachas, ndiye kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kupulumutsa kaloti m'nyengo yozizira. Komabe, olima dodgy atha kupereka njira zingapo zosungiramo masamba athanzi komanso amakoma awa: m'nyumba, cellar, khonde komanso ngakhale m'munda womwewo.
Momwe mungasungire bwino masamba a lalanje? Poganizira zovuta za njirayi, momwe zinthu ziliri panyumba komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu, mutha kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri kuchokera kwa zomwe tafotokozazi.
Kukonzekeretsa karoti kosungira kwakanthawi
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti mbewu yathu isungidwe bwino pa nthawi yake ndikuyenera kukolola.
Ziloti zosiyanasiyana zimatsimikizira nthawi yakucha kwake, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasonyezedwa phukusi ndi mbewu. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kusungira chikwama kapena kuwerengera masiku oyandikira kukolola pasadakhale. Izi ndi chiyani? Masamba omwe akumbidwa kale kuposa momwe amayembekezera adzakhala osapsa, ndi shuga wochepa, omwe amachepetsa kukoma kwa kaloti. Zomera zodziwika bwino m'nthaka, mmalo mwake, kudziunjikira shuga ndi ma amino acid mopitirira muyeso, omwe maginito amakopa tizirombo - mbewa, makoswe, karoti kuuluka mphutsi.
Ngati simungathe kudziwa nthawi yeniyeni yokolola, yang'anani mtundu wa nsonga. Masamba otsika akatembenukira chikasu, kaloti amatha kukumba.
Kuti tisunge kwambiri zipatso za mizu kwa nthawi yayitali, tsiku lokolola, sizifunikira kuthiriridwa.
Masamba atakumba, nsonga zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati izi sizingachitike, gawo lobiriwiralo lidzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira komanso chinyezi kuchokera ku mizu.
Kuchepetsa nsonga kumalimbikitsidwa mu magawo awiri:
- Choyamba, amadyera amadulidwa pang'ono pamwamba pamutu.
- Pambuyo pake, mutu umadulidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa 5-10 mm, ndikugwira malo okula, pomwe ndikofunikira kupanga odulidwa mofanananira komanso osalala.
Kudulira kwamakadinala koteroko kumalepheretsa kumera kwa nyengo yachisanu kwa kaloti ndi kutaya zinthu zofunikira, sizimalola zipatso kuti zifote ndikuthandizira kuti zisungidwe bwino. Mizu yochepetsedwa imayuma kwa maola awiri kapena atatu padzuwa kapena kuwulutsa pansi pa denga.
Sabata kapena masamba owonjeza pang'ono amalimbikitsidwa kuti ayime mchipinda chozizira (10-14 ° C). M'masiku ano, kaloti adzadutsa komwe amatchedwa "quarantine": kumalimbitsa magawo ndi zovulala zazing'ono zamakina, kuwulula mbewu zamizere odwala komanso zopanda pake.
Poyeretsa kaloti m'nyumba yosungiramo, amayamba kuyisinthanso, kutaya masamba onse osayenera.
Njira 1. Momwe mungasungire kaloti mumchenga
Zinthu zofunikira: mchenga (njira yosalala), madzi, mabokosi.
Njira ya "mchenga" ndiyotchuka kwambiri pakati pa iwo omwe ali ndi dzenje loziziramo bwino mu garaja, pansi pabwino pansi kapena cellar. Mchenga umachepetsa kukwera kwa chinyezi kuchokera ku mizu, kumalowetsa mapangidwe a zowola, kumakhala ndi kutentha kwa nyengo zonse - izi zimapangitsa kuti kaloti azisunga bwino.
Asanagwiritse ntchito, mchenga umafunika kuti uzinyalala - madzi okwanira amatengedwa pamtsuko. Kenako imathiridwa m'mabokosi pansi ndi makulidwe a masentimita 3-5, ndipo kaloti amayikidwa pamwamba, kuyesera kuti ikhale pakati pawo. Ndipo mbewu za mchenga ndi muzu zimayikidwa mwanjira ina mpaka zotengera zitadzaza.
Nzika zina za chilimwe zimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito youma m'malo monyowa, ndikuyika kaloti osati m'mabokosi, koma zidebe.
Njira 2. Kusungirako kaloti mu utuchi
Zipangizo zofunika: mabokosi ndi zotsalira za mitengo ya coniferous.
Sawdust ya pine kapena spruce ndi njira yabwino yosungira kaloti kwa nthawi yayitali. Ma phytoncides mu nkhuni amalepheretsa kufalikira kwa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mabakiteriya ndikuletsa kuphukira kwa mizu.
Njira yokhayo ikufanana ndi masingwe: zigawo zamasamba zosinthana ndi utuchi.
Njira 3. Momwe mungasungire kaloti m'matumba apulasitiki
Zinthu zofunika: Matumba amakanema, opangidwa kulemera kuchokera 5 mpaka 30 kg.
Matumba opangidwa ndi polyethylene, okhala ndi kaloti mkati mwake, amasiyidwa otseguka ndikusungidwa pamalo abwino. Nthawi yomweyo, mpweya mu chidebe choterocho umasunga chinyezi chokwanira - 96-98%, chomwe chimalola mizu kuti ipitirize kukhala watsopano.
Kuphatikiza apo, kaloti amatulutsa kaboni dayokisaidi pakasungidwa. Ngati thumba liri lotseguka, kulimbikira kwake ndikosafunikira, monganso kupewa matenda. Mukamangirira chikwamacho, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa kaboni kumatha kupitilira kuchuluka kwa mpweya, ndipo zamasamba zimawonongeka. Mukafuna matumba atsekedwe, musaiwale kupanga mabowo mkati mwake kuti mpweya wabwino.
Zimachitika kuti kukhazikika pamakoma mkati mwa thumba - izi zikuwonetsa chinyezi chambiri mchipindacho. Lime fluff angathandize. Ngati yabalalika mozungulira matumba, imatenga chinyezi chambiri.
Njira 4. Kusungirako kaloti mu dongo
Zofunikira: makatoni kapena mabokosi, dongo, madzi, polyethylene, adyo.
Wosanjikiza dothi pamizu amagwira ntchito zoteteza ndipo nthawi yonse yozizira amateteza kaloti kuti asathenso.
Njira ziwiri zakukonza masamba a lalanje ndi dongo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito musanatumizidwe.
Clay kutsanulira
Timadzaza theka la chidebe ndi dongo ndipo timadzaza ndi madzi. Tikuyimira tsiku limodzi, kenako kusakaniza ndi kuwonjezera madzi kachiwiri. Kwa masiku atatu mpaka anayi, dongo liyenera kukhala pansi pa mpira wamadzi masentimita awiri kapena atatu. Musanagwiritse ntchito, mawonekedwe osakanizika bwino amakhala ngati kirimu wowonda.
Timayika kanema pansi pamabokosi, kenako ndikuyika chosakanizira cha kaloti (osakhudzana) ndikutsanulira yankho la dongo. Pamene dongo loyamba limawuma, timayikanso mizu, ndikuthira ndi kuyanika. Momwemo timadzaza buku lonse.
Kuviika magazi
Malinga ndi njirayi, masamba osasambitsidwa amayamwa choyamba mu adyo, kenako ndi dothi. Kenako kufalitsa pa kuyanika pamalo abwino podutsa - pansi pa denga, pa khonde kapena pakhonde. Zakudya zouma mu "dongo" zimayikidwa m'mabokosi kapena m'mabokosi.
Chovala cha adyo chimapangidwa motere: kapu yamafuta amadzipukutira mu chopukusira nyama ndikuthandizira malita awiri amadzi.
Phala la dongo limakonzedwa ndikuthira dothi ndi madzi kumalanje a kirimu wowawasa kuti asataye zipatso.
Njira 5. Kusungirako kaloti mu moss
Zipangizo zofunika: makatoni apulasitiki kapena matabwa, sphagnum moss.
Zomera zouma ndi zosasambitsidwa zimasungidwa pamalo abwino kwa maola 24, kenako zimamuunjikira m'mbale m'magawo, kusinthana masamba ndi moss.
Moss ili ndi zinthu zina zoteteza, kusungitsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa mkati mwa bokosilo. Kuphatikiza apo, zigawo za mossy ndizopepuka kwambiri ndipo osalemetsa muli ndi kaloti, ngati mchenga ndi dongo.
Njira 6. Kusungidwa kwa kaloti mumiphika
Zinthu zofunikira: zikuluzikulu zopanda mapepala.
Pambuyo potola kaloti m'munda, uyenera kutsukidwa bwino, kudula nsonga ndi "mchira" ndikuwuma padzuwa.
Zitatha izi, mizu yolimba imaloza m'malo ndikuyikiratu. Chapamwamba chimakutidwa ndi chopukutira ndikuvundikiridwa ndi chivindikiro. Akasinja okhala ndi kaloti ayenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, komwe masamba amakhalapo bwino mpaka nthawi yokolola yatsopano.
Njira 7. Momwe mungasungire kaloti mu anyezi peel
Zofunikira: ma gaga anyezi ndi adyo, mabokosi.
Njirayi imagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi pakusungidwa kwa mizu mu coniferous utuchi - kosasunthika, komwe kumakhala ndi adyo ndi masamba a anyezi, kumalepheretsa kukula kwa njira zowonongeka.
Ndiye chifukwa chake kaloti amasungidwa bwino ngati atasungidwa m'magawo, kukonkha ndi mankhusu owuma, omwe mwina mwawasiyira kukolola adyo ndi anyezi kapena kudziunjikira nthawi yachisanu.
Njira 8. Kusungidwa kwa kaloti m'munda
Anthu okhala ndi nyengo yachilimwe samakumba gawo la zokolola, koma azisiyira nyengo yozizira m'mundamo. Ndipo mu kasupe iwo amakumba masamba abwino azidutswa ndipo amadzisangalatsa mpaka nthawi yokolola yotsatira.
Mu kaloti wachisanu, nsonga zimadulidwa kwathunthu. Kenako, mchenga wowuma umathiridwa pamalopo ndikukuta ndi polyethylene.
Kuchokera pamwambapa, amawotha ndi tsamba la bale, peat, utuchi, humus, kenako ndikuphimba ndi zinthu zounikira kapena filimu ina. Malo oterowo amasunga kaloti kuti azikhala otsekemera komanso okoma ndipo amathandizira kupirira kuzizira.
Njira zina zingapo zoyambirira zosungira kaloti
- Masamba osambitsidwa bwino ndi wokonzedwa bwino amakhala wokutidwa ndi filimu yotambasulira chakudya kuti chilichonse chapamwamba chimakulungiratu ndipo osalumikizana ndi ena.
- Kaloti, omwe kale owazidwa ndi bulb kapena kulowerera, amalekerera dzinja bwino. Kuti muchite izi, 100 g ya singano kapena mankhusu amathiridwa ndi madzi okwanira ndikuthira masiku asanu. Kulowetsedwa kumeneku sikungothiridwa mchere ndi masamba, masamba osapsa amathira kumayikidwa mkati kwa mphindi khumi, wouma ndikusungidwa.
- Njira yoyambirira yosungirako kaloti ndi parafini: zipatso zoyera ndi zowuma zimamizidwa mu parafini yotentha, pomwe sera yaying'ono imawonjezeredwa kuti pakhale kutanuka kwambiri. Kaloti omwe amakonzedwa mwanjira imeneyi amatha kusungidwa ndi kutentha kwa 0-2 ° C kwa miyezi 4-5, yotsalira yowutsa mudyo komanso yamphamvu.
- Mutha kufafaniza mizu ndi choko, ndikuyigwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 150-200 g pa 10 kg yamasamba kapena kuviika kalotiyo poyimitsidwa (30%), kenako ndikuuma. Chalk imakhala ndi malo amchere pang'ono omwe amalepheretsa kuwola.
- Kaloti amasungidwa bwino, iliyonse imakulungidwa payokha mu nyuzipepala kapena pepala lodziwika bwino.
- Ngati pali chiopsezo chakuti mizu yomwe idzagwiritsidwa ndi makoswe, zouma za Saracen mint - kanufer zidzathandiza. Phimbani mabokosiwo ndi timitengo ndi masamba a chomera, ndipo mbewa zimawadutsa.
- Pamene zokolola zanu karoti ndizochepa, zimatha kusungidwa mufiriji. Zomera zokhazikitsidwa zimangokulungidwa mu purosesa yazakudya ndikuzizira m'matumba a pulasitiki kapena mumapulasitiki.
Njira iliyonse yosungira masamba a malalanje omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, dziwani izi:
- Kaloti amasungidwa bwino ku chinyezi cha 90-95%.
- Kutentha m'chipindacho pomwe zipatso zimabisala kuyenera kukhala 0-1 ° C.
Ntchito yopambana, ndipo kukolola koyenera kuyenera kukusangalatsani mwatsopano ndikulawa nthawi yonse yozizira!
