Mwinanso, palibe munthu yemwe sakudziwa momwe fern amawonekera. Koma pali osiyanasiyana omwe amatchedwa "bracken", osadziwika kwa ambiri. Zidakwaniritsidwa kuti chomera cha brernen choterechi chimakula pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Chosiyana ndi madera momwe kumakhala ozizira ndi chisanu nthawi zonse. Ngakhale mapiri sakhala chopinga kwa iye, ndipo amatha kumera pamalo otsetsereka mpaka mikono 3,000 kutalika.
Chomera chimadziwika osati kuthekera kwawo kosinthasintha kwakumadera kosiyanasiyana, komanso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito msipu wake pakuphika, mankhwala achikhalidwe. Zikuwoneka kuti chithunzi cha lichen fern orlyak chitha kupezeka pa intaneti. Mutha kuwonanso m'mabuku apadera, omwe adatenga zithunzi zamitundu mitundu.
Kodi ferns ndi chiyani?
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinthu zachilengedwe amasiyanitsa ma fern mu dipatimenti yonse, yomwe imaphatikizapo mphamvu zapamwamba zam'mimba. Mosiyana ndi fern ngati mbewu zina m'menemo amatha kubereka spores.
Kumbuyo kwa fern tsamba lofiirira limamera, lomwe limamera msanga nthawi inayake. Zimamera zimapangidwa mwanjira yoti papangidwe kovuta kupanga papepala.
Fern kuti apitirize mawonekedwe ake, kuponyera okhwima okhwima m'danga lozungulira. Mbewuyo ikagwera panthaka yabwino kuti imere, imamera, kenako imaphukira.
M'badwo woyamba womwe umabwera, utatha kumera kuchokera ku spores, umatchedwa gametophyte. M'badwo uno umayang'ana pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya fern-ngati mtima yaying'ono, wokhala ndi loboti ziwiri.
Chodabwitsa pakupanga fern ndikuti ndondomeko yaying'ono iyi pali ma cell majeremusi wotchedwa Antheridia ndi Archegonia. Fusion ikapezeka pakati pa maselo, fern imamera m'badwo wachiwiri, womwe umatchedwa sporophyte.
M'badwo wachiwiri umagwirizana kwathunthu ndi lingaliro lomwe aliyense amazolowera kukumbukira pa mawu akuti "fern".
Ndi mbewu iyi yomwe imabzala masamba ake kuti ipitirize kubalitsa mafelemu pamalo onse, momwe zingathekere chilengedwe choterechi.
Fern bracken
Orlyak wamba fern amasiyana ndi ena fern ngati kuti amakonda kukula m'nkhalango, pomwe imakula bwino. Koma izi sizimapatula kuthekera kwake kokula m'malo ena.
Kutengera gawo la kukula imafika pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ku Transcaucasia munthu amatha kukumana ndi zimphona ziwiri. Pakati pa Russia, iwo samakula mpaka mita.
Kwa zomwe bracken wamba adadziwika dzina lake sizikudziwika modalirika, koma pali malingaliro awiri awa:
- Kapangidwe ka masamba atatuwo kamakhala ngati mapiko a chiwombankhanga.
- Ngati mumadula muzu wa fern, mawonekedwe amitsempha yamagazi amakhala ngati "chida chamanja".
Bandeji wamba limamera motere - pakuya kwa mita pang'ono pansi pali muzu, pomwe masamba amakula nthawi yoyenerera kumera. Watsopano akuwombera akumbutseni mafani azithunzi za kanjedza.
Mayina a izi zimapangidwa kumene adalandira "vayami", omwe amatanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki amafotokozera deta yawo yakunja ndipo amatanthauza nthambi yamanja.
Mphukira zoterezi sizipezeka mu mitundu iyi ya ferns, chifukwa chake, sizingakhale zofunikira kunena kuti mbewu yomwe yawonedwayo ndiyopanda pake. Ndibwino kuganizira momwe bracken amawonekera mu chithunzi, omwe amatha kupezeka pa intaneti.
Chapakatikati, tsinde limapezeka padziko lapansi, lomwe lili pamwamba wopindika ngati nkhono. Dzinali ndi "rachis", lomwe limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Greek ngati ridge. Wowoneka wachinyamata wotereyu amakulanso wamitundu ina.
Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa mtundu wamtundu wamba ukakula bwino komanso utakula. Itatha mphukira yoyambayo, nthambi zimagawika m'magulu atatu, pomwe awiriawiri masamba ngati nthenga atseguka.
Tsamba lapamwamba la fern ndi lopanda matope. Nthambi yopangidwa bwino imawoneka ngati masamba osawoneka ngati nthenga pangani pembetatu. Izi zimasiyanitsa mitunduyi ndi mitundu ina ya fern.
Pansipa ya tsamba la mbewuyi, timadzi tating'ono tating'ono timapangidwa, timene timawoneka bwino kwambiri. Tchulani tanthauzo la zomwe mbewuzi zimagwira pachomera pachokha sizikudziwika kwa akatswiri.
Ngakhale bulacken ndiyachilendo ndipo imatha kuchulukana ndi zipatso zomwe zimapanga malire m'mphepete mwa masamba, mitunduyi ya ferns amasankha njira yobala zipatsondikuponya mivi yatsopano kuchokera muzu.
Fern bracken fern imadziwika kuti imakhala chomera chankhanza chomwe chimamera, chodzaza malo onse omwe angatheke. Izi ndichifukwa choti muzu wachikhalidwe ichi ndi chakuya mokwanira pansi kuti usazizire panthawi yachisanu.
Chilala sichimakhalanso chowopsa kwa iye. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimawopseza m'nkhalango, moto siowopsa kwa anthu wamba, popeza udzaphukanso kuchokera ku mizu yake pakukwiya.
Ntchito Yophika
M'dziko lathu, okonda okhawo amadya bracken. Gwiritsani ntchito mphukira zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono, zokhala ndi masamba osasalala.
Wiritsani mphukira, kutsukidwa kawiri ndi madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuphika saladi ndi sopo kapena yokazinga ndipo ndimakonda zokometsera zazikulu. Mphukira wokazinga ulawa ngati bowa.
Simungathe kuzidya musanakonzekere, chifukwa chomera chaching'ono chili ndi enzyme thiaminase, yomwe imawononga Vitamini B1.
Asanaphike, akuwombera ozizira m'madzi amcherekuti muthane ndi zinthu zoyipa ndikuwapatsa mchere. Kugwiritsa ntchito bracken wamba kuphika kwadziwika chifukwa cha zakudya zaku Japan. Pa ntchito:
- amaphuka "rachis";
- ma rhizomes.
Mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe siziposa masiku asanu, zimaphwanya masentimita makumi awiri kutalika. Izi ziyenera kukhala kuthawa, pamaso pa nthambi yoyamba ya mbewu.
Anthu aku Japan amakonda kwambiri fern yofera kotero kuti chaka chilichonse mumzinda wa Tokyo amangodya pafupifupi matani mazana atatu.
Ma rhizomes a mbewuyi m'maphika amakono alibe phindu ngati mphukira zazing'ono. Koma m'maiko ena m'mbuyomu, mizu youma idaphwanyidwa kenako imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ufa kuphika makeke.
Orlyak wamba mankhwala wowerengeka
Kugwiritsira ntchito kwakukulu kwa mbewuyi mu mankhwala achilendo monga anthelmintic. A decoction amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu za fern, zomwe zimatengedwa kuti athetse majeremusi omwe amakhala m'matumbo. Koma ngakhale madokotala akale adazindikira zabwino zomwe zingachitike pakukutenga kwa achinyamata mphukira:
Kupumula.- Matenda a metabolism.
- Kuchulukirapo.
- Njira yokukula.
- Kuthetsa ululu.
- Kubwezeretsa muyeso wa ayodini.
- Kutulutsa kwa radionuclides.
- Pewani vuto lanu.
- Imathandizira thupi kupanga bwino mafupa.
Kupumula.Kuchokera pakupanga mizu, mutha kukonzekera chida chomwe chingakuthandizeni Chotsani olowa. Zithandizanso kuthetsa kutsekula m'mimba. Ndi matenda a rickets, decoction imatha kutengedwa kuti matendawa achoke kwamuyaya.
Kuti mupange mayankho ndi ma decoctions, ndibwino kulumikizana ndi akatswiri azachipatala kuti musadzivulaze.
Fernen fern wamba atha kukhala chomera pophika chakudya chatsopano cha Japan komanso chifukwa cha zamankhwala. Chachikulu ndikudziwa momwe amawonekera kuti asawononge thupi akasonkhanitsidwa.
