Utoto wopota uli wokongoletsa kwambiri Nyengo yonse, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochulukitsa madera amapaki ndi ziwembu zawo.
Kupirira kwapadera kumakuthandizani kuti mukule chikhalidwe chamalo okhala ndi chisanu kwambiri, komwe mitundu ina ya maluwa sipulumuka.
Zachilengedwe ndi kufotokozera kwa maluwa opukutidwa
Wong'ambika rose - mtundu wa chitsamba kuchokera kumtundu wa Rosehip. Malo okhala zachilengedwe zamtchire ndi Far East, Sakhalin, Japan ndi Korea. Pano, zitsamba zimapezeka pamiyala yamchenga-yamiyala, m'miyala yamiyala ndi m'malo opezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Mtundu wamaluwa ophatikizika umaphimba madera ozizira komanso ozizira. Chifukwa chake, mbewu yokhala ndi genotype imapangidwa pansi pa zinthu zotere kwambiri pulasitiki ku dothi lililonse komanso nyengo, yomwe idakhala maziko ake kuti ifalitsidwe padziko lonse lapansi.
Dothi lonyansa lidabwera ku Europe mu 1779 ndi nkhokwe zachuma za English Banks wazamakhalidwe azachilengedwe. Zomera zimathandizira mwachangu ndikufalikira kupitirira mundawo.
Masiku ano, mtundu wamtchire wokhala ndi makungwa umayambitsidwa ku Europe, North America ndi Australia.
Malinga ndi malongosoledwe khwankhwani rose (rugosa rose) - chitsamba champhamvu, chowongoka, chomwe sichimafalikira nthawi zonse chachitali mamita 1.5 mpaka 2.0. Mphukira ndi zokutira, zamtundu wonyezimira, wokutidwa ndi kuwala ndikomveka bwino.
Masamba amakhala ndi masamba 5-9, wandiweyani, wowoneka bwino wobiriwira wokhala ndi matalala. Pakatsika masamba, amapeza utoto wowala.
Maluwa ndi mainchesi 6-10 masentimita, osanjidwa moyenerera kapena zidutswa za 3-5 aliyense. Mithunzi yayikulu yamaluwa ndi ofiirira-violet, pinki, yoyera. Fungo lamphamvu.
Idakulungidwa rose - chomera chokonzera. Kutulutsa koyamba kwa maluwa kumayamba m'zaka khumi za Meyi ndipo kumatha mpaka 20 June. Pambuyo pakupuma pang'ono, imayambiranso ndikupitilira mpaka chisanu choyamba.
Zonse zokhudza Rugosa:
Zabwino ndi zoyipa zamtunduwu
Ubwino wosatsutsika wa mitunduyo - zokolola zokhazikika komanso zokolola zambiri zamtchire. Kucha zipatso kumayamba kumapeto kwa Ogasiti ndipo kumatenga milungu iwiri.
Zipatso za mtengowo ndizazikulu, pafupifupi masentimita atatu ndi masentimita 8 kulemera (16 g), kwamtundu, oblong, lalanje-lalitali. Kupanga kwapakati pachitsamba chimodzi ndi 4 kg.
Maluwa onyansa kukana kwambiri chisanu (-40 ° ะก popanda pobisalira) ndi kuuma kwa dzinja, kukana matenda onse ndi tizirombo.
Chomera chimachiririka mwachangu ndikudulira, chimagwira chinyezi chambiri ndipo ndi pulasitiki m'nthaka komanso nyengo yabwino.
Zoyipa zamtunduwu ndizolekerera pang'ono pachilala komanso kuchuluka kwambiri.
Utoto wonunkha ndi chinthu chofunikira kwa obereketsa, pamaziko omwe mitundu yophatikiza ndi mitundu ina imapangidwa.
Masiku ano, wamaluwa amapatsidwa gawo lokhazikika, lophatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi mawonekedwe. Koma zowonjezera zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zonse zilipo - izi masamba okometsedwa ndi zipatso zazikulu.
Zothandiza zamtunduwu - zokolola, kukana chisanu, kukana kuzizira kwambiriKudzala Rugosa
Kubzala kwa Shrub kumakonzekera masika nthawi isanatulutse, mutawotha nthaka + mpaka 7 ° komanso osakuwopsezeni akubwerezanso chisanu. Mutha kubzala duwa mu kugwa nthawi kuyambira pa Seputembara 15 mpaka Okutobala 15.
Zomera, malo owunikiridwa kwambiri omwe ali ndi njira yakum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo amasankhidwa.
Duwa lonyansa lakuthengo limatha kukhazikika panthaka iliyonse, kuphatikiza ndi mchere wambiri. Izi ndizokongola kubzala m'mphepete mwa malowa, momwe mchere umakhala nthawi zonse.
M'malo omwe amakhala m'malire kapena m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, zitsamba zingapo zimabzalidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pang'onopang'ono mizu yomwe ikukula imasiya kugwa kwa malo otsetsereka.
Mmodzi ndi wobala mbandeodzi amadziwika ndi kupulumuka bwino ndi mizu yamphamvu yopanda 20 cm. Zomera zobzala siziyenera kuwonetsera kuwola kapena kuwonongeka.
Popeza zipatso za tchire zimatengera kupukutidwa, tchire zingapo zibzalidwe.
Tsambalo lomwe linakonzedweratu. Imakumba mpaka 30 cm, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mizu ya namsongole ichotsedwe. Mukakumba, organic yochulukirapo imawonjezera: kompositi kapena humus (10 kg / 1m2).
Nthawi yomweyo, dzenje lakufikira (50X50) ndi gawo lapansi lakudzazitsa kwake limapangidwa. Zomera zimayikidwa malinga ndi chiwembu 3 X 1.5 m2.
Kudzaza dzenjelo, dothi lapamwamba kwambiri la turf limasakanizika ndi:
- humus 20 kg;
- superphosphate 200 g;
- ammonium nitrate 70 g;
- potaziyamu sulfate 50 g.
Mutha kubzala rugose mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira, kusankha malo oyatsa kwambiriMukabzala, mtunda umapangidwa pansi pa dzenjelo, pamwamba pake pomwe mizu ya mmera imagawidwa ndikumwazidwa ndi dothi losakaniza.
Kuti khosi lozika pambuyo poti shrinkage ikhale pamlingo wapadziko lapansi, limayikidwa 4-5 masentimita ndikakhazikika. Pambuyo pake mmera umathiriridwa 10 malita a madzi, chozungulira thunthu ndi mulat ndi peat kapena humus.
Mphukira za Shrub amazidulira, ndikusiya 1/3 ya kutalika.
Gawo la maluwa opindika limakulirakulira ndi mizu yankhanza padziko lapansi. Izi zimayambitsa kuponderezedwa kwa mbewu yoyandikana ndi kufalikira kwa m'nkhalangozi patsamba lonse.
Mutha kuthana ndi vutoli polenga zotchinga mizu kuchokera kuzitsulo kapena pazitsulo.
Chisamaliro cha Shrub
Mu zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, chisamaliro chomera chimakhala ndi kuthirira, kudula ndi kumasula dothi pansi pa tchire. Thirani duwa katatu pachaka, madzi wamba pachitsamba chimodzi ndi malita 10-20. Ngati nyengo youma ikhazikitsidwa pa zipatso, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zambiri.
Kuthirira duwa lidzafunika kwa zaka 3 mutabzala. Dziwani kuti feteleza wambiri komanso pafupipafupi wa chomera salimbikitsidwa.
Pathunthu maluwa ndi zipatso, ndikokwanira kuwonjezera urea aliyense masika (30 g / 1 m2).
Kamodzi aliyense zaka 3-4 pambuyo pa chiyambi cha zipatso pa 1 m2:
- kompositi 10 kg;
- superphosphate 60 g;
- mchere wa potaziyamu 20 g.
Kuyesera kwakukulu pakusamalira zitsamba kumagwirizana ndi kudulira. Itha kuchitika mu nthawi yakugwa masabata 2-3 chisanu chisanachitike kapena mu kasupe masamba asanatseguke. Kudulira koyamba kumachitika nthawi yachitatu mutabzala.
Tchire liyenera kudulidwa mu kugwa kapena masika: kuchuluka kwa zipatso mu korona ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonseMukamachita, chotsani Mphukira zofowoka, zowonongeka, mbadwa za mizu, kutali ndi pansi pa chitsamba. Mphukira zotsalira zimadulidwa kutalika kwa 15 masentimita, ndikusiya nthambi za pachaka za 5-6.
Pang'onopang'ono, mphukira zatsopano zimawoneka pamizu. Pambuyo pakufika 70 cm, amafunika kufupikitsidwa ndi 1/5. Zaka zotsatila, kudulira ndikuchotsa masamba osakwanira, owonongeka, odwala komanso osabala zipatso a zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Maluwa onyansa kuchuluka kwa zipatso mu korona kuyenera kukhala pafupipafupi.
Zomera zazikuluzikulu kuposa zaka 6 m'tchire ziyenera kukhala 16-20 mphukira wazaka 1-4 zaka. Chifukwa chake, pachaka ndikofunikira kusintha nthambi za zaka 5-6 kuti zikhale ndi mphukira zina ziwiri.
Ntchito yoletsa komanso kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu
Wanyinyirika rose kugonjetsedwa ndi pafupifupi tizirombo ndi matenda onse. Kuwonongeka kuthengo kungachitike pokhapokha ngati kuphwanya kwakukulu kwaukadaulo waulimi ndi malamulo otembenuza mbewu.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito yodziteteza kuti muchepetse tizirombo ndi matenda chaka chilichonse.
Choyamba, ndikudulira mwaukhondo, kutaya, kutaya zinyalala ndi zipatso mutazimiririka. Nthawi yomweyo, amapanga pansi kukumba kwa bwalo loyandikira, ndikuyang'ana ming'alu kuti pakhale ndulu ya mazira a tiziromboti.
Chithandizo cha 1% Bordeaux madzimadzi ikuchitika mu yophukira ndi masika pamaso budding. Tizilombo tikapezeka, chitsamba chimatsukidwa ndi phulusa sopo (400 g / 50 g / 10 l).
Tchire likaonongeka ndi tizirombo tambiri, mankhwala oyambira masika amayambira: "Actellik", "Karbofos", "Rogor" malinga ndi malangizo a kukonzekera.
M'madera akumwera ndi pakati pa malo olima nyama, malo ogona safunika pachisamba. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, mbewu zazing'ono ziyenera kukonzekera yozizira.
Kwa zitsamba zoteteza bwalo lozungulira lakhazikika ndi 5cm wosanjikiza peat, mphukira imamangidwa ndi twine ndikukulungidwa ndi nthambi za spruce. M'nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa chimabweretsedwa ku mbewu.
Mitundu yotchuka
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya maluwa opukutira maluwa amatengera chisanu kukana ndi matenda kukana kwa mayi chomera. Mitundu yocheperako yokha mu chisanu nyengo ya chisanu imatha kuumitsa gawo la mlengalenga.
Komabe, ngakhale izi zitachitika, mbewuzo zimakula msanga komanso maluwa pachimake munthawi ino.
Pink Grotendorst
Chomera chimakhala chitsamba cholimba 1.5-1.8 mita. Chimakhala chamtundu wapadera wamaluwa ofanana ndi zovala. Maluwa a pinki, ophatikizidwa m'magulu a zidutswa za 7-15, osanunkhira.
Pink GrotendorstAlba
Shrub yokhala ndi korona yozungulira yokwera mphukira mpaka 1.5 m kutalika. Maluwa ndi oyera, osakhala pawiri ndi mainchesi 5-8, onunkhira, wophatikizidwa mu inflorescence.
Chitsamba cha Alba chimayamikiridwa popanga mawonekedwe ake chifukwa chosavuta kusiyana ndi mbewu zowala.
Zosiyanasiyana AlbaMfumukazi ya Kumpoto
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi 1.2-1,5 m, maluwawo ndi amdima pinki okhala ndi lilac hue komanso mainchesi a 6-8 cm.
Mtundu umodzi wolimba kwambiri womwe umatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -42 ° C wopanda pogona ndi pulasitiki m'malo osavutikira kwambiri.
Mfumukazi ya KumpotoAgness
Mtengo wamtali wamtali mpaka 2,5 mamita. Maluwa a Terry, achikasu a pastel okhala ndi mthunzi wama amber, mainchesi 7.5 cm, ali ndi fungo labwino la zipatso.
Mtundu wosowa wamaluwa ndiwosangalatsa pakupanga chiwembu cha munthu ndi paki.
Zosiyanasiyana ZosiyanasiyanaKu Russia, ma hybrids onse ndi mitundu ya maluwa opukutidwa malinga amatchedwa gulu la maluwa. Zomera zimatha kulimbana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa gasi, mwina osataya chidwi chawo pakagwa masoka achilengedwe, khalani okongoletsa kwambiri nyengo yonse.
Chifukwa chake ndizotchuka ndi opanga mawonekedwe ndipo akuphatikizidwa pafupifupi pulojekiti iliyonse yosamalira malo.
Wanyinyirika rose wotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa. Kupirira kwapadera kwa mtengowo kumathandizira kuti ukalimbe kumadera akutali popanda kukhalapo kwa nyakulima.
Machiritso ndi zopatsa thanzi zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika ndi kukonza mankhwala azitsamba.
