Mtundu wa fern ngati mutu wakuda (Blechnum) imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la zisa (Blechnaceae). Imalumikiza mitundu 200 ya mbewu, zomwe ndizokongoletsa kwambiri.
Mitundu iyi imakhala yotalikirapo (pafupifupi mita imodzi), masamba achikopa, osanjidwa, omwe amatchedwanso vayi. Masamba obiriwira oterewa amaphatikizidwa mu rosette wandiweyani wapamwamba pamwamba pa lignified, wafupikitsidwa, womwe umasandulika mpweya wamphamvu kwambiri. Pakalepo, makamaka toyesa chachikulu, thunthu limatha kutalika kwa theka la mita, pomwe chomera ichi chikufanana kwambiri ndi kanjedza kotsika.
Masamba otambalala a fern amadulidwa kwambiri ndikusanjidwa bwino. Pali mitundu yomwe magawo omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa mtsempha wamtunda ali motalikirana motalikirana kwambiri kuposa mulifupi wawo.
Magulu ataliatali, opanikizana ndi zironda amaphatikizidwa awiriawiri m'mitsempha yapakati pa tsamba loipa lililonse.
Kusamalira fern Blechnum kunyumba
Chomera ichi ndi chovuta kubzala kunyumba, chifukwa chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa. Kuti blehnum ikule komanso kukula bwino, malamulo angapo osamalira ayenera kutsatiridwa.
Kuwala
Chomera chimafuna mthunzi kapena mawonekedwe owunikira. Kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji pa masamba kumapangidwa chifukwa cha izi, chifukwa amatha kusiya kuyaka. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kuyiyika pazenera lakumpoto. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti fern amayikidwa kutali ndi mawindo.
Njira yotentha
Amakonda chikondi. M'nyengo yotentha, pamafunika kutentha kochokera madigiri 20 mpaka 25, ndipo nthawi yozizira - ozizira kuyambira madigiri 18 mpaka 20. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chipindacho sichikuyenera kuzizira kuposa madigiri 16, popeza mbewuyo imatha kufa chifukwa chotentha pang'ono.
Ndikulimbikitsanso kuteteza blehnum kuchokera kukakonzekera komanso kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyatsa chipinda mosamala, kupewa kuthana ndi mpweya wozizira pamalowo.
Momwe mungamwere
Gawo laling'ono mumphika liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono nthawi zonse (osati lonyowa). Osalola madzi kutuluka m'nthaka. Ndikofunikira kuthirira fern pambuyo pazosanjikiza pamwamba pamtunda pouma pang'ono. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda, ofewa komanso otetezedwa bwino.
Chinyezi
Chinyezi mchipindacho chikuyenera kupitilira 60 peresenti. Sizingatheke kukweza chinyontho cha mpweya mchipindacho mpaka kufikira kupendekera kosavuta, makamaka nthawi yotentha. Maluwa amatha kuyikidwa pafupi ndi kasupe wapanyumba kapena pafupi ndi chidebe chotseguka chodzaza ndi madzi. Chifukwa chake, bafa lalikulu komanso lowala bwino lidzakhala malo abwino kukhala ndi dzino lakuda.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Osakaniza dothi labwino ayenera kukhala osalowerera kapena pang'ono acidic. Kuti mukonzekere kusakaniza kwa dothi muyenera kuphatikiza humus, tsamba ndi peat dothi, mchenga wowuma pamawerengero a 1: 2: 1: 1. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuthira khungwa lochepa lamitengo yamitengo yolumikizidwa ndi dothi.
Komanso, kusakaniza kwapadera kwa dothi kwa ferns ndi koyenera kubzala.
Musaiwale pobzala za ngalande zabwino pansi pa poto, zomwe zingathandize kutchinjiriza kuti madzi asasweke.
Feteleza
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi yolimbitsa thupi kawiri pamwezi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wopanga wamafuta pakukongoletsa ndi zomera zam'munda, pomwe ½ amayenera kutengedwa pamtengo womwe umalimbikitsa phukusi. M'nyengo yozizira, feteleza suyenera kuthira nthaka.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Zomera zoterezi zimangodzalidwa pokhapokha mwadzidzidzi, mwachitsanzo, mizu ikadzaza mumphika. Njirayi imalimbikitsidwa mchaka.
Kudulira
Chomera ichi chimakhala ndi thunthu losiyana, komabe, sichifunira kudulira, motero sichikhala ndi nthambi.
Njira zolerera
Mukakula m'nyumba, brehnum imafalitsidwa bwino kwambiri padera. Kuti muchite izi, fanizoli lazipamwamba liyenera kugawidwa pakati kapena magawo angapo, pomwe gawo lirilonse likuyenera kukhala ndi malo angapo okukula. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa malo okukula kotereku, kumagawikana mwachangu.
Ngati pali chikhumbo, ndiye kuti ndi zotheka kutola spores kumbali yolakwika ya masamba ndikuwabzala. Chifukwa cha ichi mufunika wowonjezera kutentha.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chomera choterocho chimatha kukana tizirombo. Nthawi zambiri amadwala chifukwa chophwanya malamulo a chisamaliro.
Chifukwa chake, fern amakumana ndi chinyezi chochepa, gawo lolemera kapena losayenera, kuthilira ndi madzi osayenera komanso ozizira, kuyatsa kwambiri, kuphwanya kutentha, ndi zina zotero. M'nthawi zonsezi, momwe machitidwe achisokonezo amafanana. Vayi amasintha mtundu kuti ukhale wachikaso, mawanga mawonekedwe pamaso pawo, ndipo tsamba limalowerera nthawi yomweyo.
Mitundu yayikulu
Mwa mitundu yambiri, ndi ochepa okha omwe amalimidwa m'nyumba.
Humpback Blechnum (Blechnum gibbum)
Kuchokera ku malo achinyezi a New Hebrides ndi New Caledonia. Masamba opanda masamba ndi odera obiriwira. Masamba opendedwa kumtunda wapakati. Zingwe zopota ngati lamba mu nkhani iyi zimakhala zowongoka kumapeto kwake komanso pamalo otambalala, pafupifupi zophatikizana. Mtunduwu umakonda kwambiri alimi.
Brazil Blechnum (Blechnum brasiliense)
Chomera ichi chimachokera ku Brazil. Fern uyu ali ndi thunthu losiyanasiyana, ndipo palinso mbale zamitundu yambiri. Masamba a toyesa ana amapaka utoto wa maolivi, ndipo okalamba amakhala obiriwira.
Blechnum moorei
Mtunduwu ndiwokondweretsa. Chomera chodabwitsachi chimafikira kutalika pafupifupi 30 cm. Mitundu ya masamba ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala ndipo nthawi yomweyo imapakidwa utoto wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda. Masamba okongola ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Mabatani okhala ndi masamba opindika amakhala ndi mulifupi m'litali lonse ndi m'mbali mwake pang'ono. Monga lamulo, kumapeto kwake, ma loboti oterewa amaduladulidwa, koma ena a iwo ali ndi "nyanga" ziwiri zosiyanasiyananso. Mu vivo, ferns zotere zimatha kupezeka m'malo ena a Australia.
Mtsinje wa Blechnum (Blechnum fluviatile)
Malo omwe mitunduyi imabadwira ndi New Zealand, komanso Australia. Masamba ochulukirapo opezeka timapepala tatifupi, ndipo koronayo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Kutalika kwake, mbewuyo imafika masentimita 40, ndipo m'lifupi - 30 cm.
