Night violet ili ndi mayina angapo, mwa omwe amatha kudziwika: hesperis (lat Hesperis matronalis), phwando lamadzulo la matron kapena phwando lamadzulo chabe. Pali mitundu yopitilira 30 ya ovala, omwe mwachilengedwe amatha kupezeka ku Caucasus, mkati mwa Eastern Europe, Siberia Yaku Western ndi mayiko a Mediterranean. Chomerachi chidayamba kulimidwa ku Europe kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1600. Kwa Mfumukazi Marie Antoinette, Hesperis anali duwa lokondedwa kwambiri. M'zaka za XVIII, adachita chidwi ndi maluwa m'dera lathu. Wamaluwa adayamba kugawa, ndipo posakhalitsa adatha kuwoneka m'minda ndi m'mapaki a eni malo, momwe usiku wa violet adakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa okongola.
Masiku ano, chidwi chokhala ndi malo olimapo maluwa ndi mapaki akukulira, pomwe amisiri a mapangidwe amtengowo amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga. Ndipo pano usiku wa violet adayambanso kutchuka kwambiri.
Kufotokozera kwa Night Violet
Phwando lamadzulo limakula mpaka mita imodzi ndipo limakulidwa kwambiri, kufupi ndi pamwamba, tsinde, yokutidwa ndi mulu wa silky. Masamba omwe ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira amakhala ndi zofewa zofewa komanso zofowoka. Masamba amalumikizidwa kumtengo ndi osadulidwa, pomwe ali ndi mawonekedwe lanceolate ndi nsonga yakuthwa. Masamba ndiwotalika, mpaka 10-12cm, ndipo m'lifupi mwake mpaka 3-4cm ndipo amakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana pa tsinde.
Ma inflorescence a ma violets a usiku amakhala ndi maluwa ambiri ang'onoang'ono a lilac kapena oyera oyera. Ma inflorescence ali ngati mawonekedwe a masango, mpaka 30 cm kutalika, mawonekedwe a masilinda akulu. Inflorescences amatulutsa fungo lokoma lomwe limatikumbutsa fungo la levkoy. Maluwa ali ndi masamba anayi omwe adakhazikitsidwa pamtanda ndikuyamba kukula kwa 1-2cm. Mutha kupeza maulalo osiyanasiyana a usiku ma maluwa awiri.
Hesperis imayamba kuphuka kumapeto kwa Meyi ndipo imamasula kwa mwezi kapena theka, kutengera mlengalenga. Munthawi yotentha, yamvula, pachimake sikugwira ntchito kwambiri. Nthawi yamaluwa ikatha, nthawi yophukira imayamba, yodziwika ndi zipatso monga ma podi pomwe mbewu zake zimakhalamo. Zikatha kucha, njere zazing'ono zofiirira zimasungira kumera kwa zaka ziwiri. Usiku wa violet umafalitsa bwino kwambiri podzibyala. Kuti bedi la maluwa silikula ndi mphukira zazing'ono, ziyenera kubzalidwa kamodzi zaka zitatu.
Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Usiku wa violet umamva bwino, m'malo opepuka komanso mumithunzi ya mitengo yayikulu. Pakulimidwa, malo opanda chonde kapena pang'ono zamchere opezeka ndi madzi abwino ndi abwino.
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, duwa likayamba kukhazikika, limafunikira kuthirira, koma sililekerera madzi m'nthaka, pomwe silimayenda bwino komanso kumatulutsa nthawi yotentha ndikusowa madzi okwanira. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira nthawi, koma osathirira mopitirira muyeso ndiye vuto lalikulu lachitetezo cha usiku.
Ngati phwando lamadzulo lili ndi tsinde lalitali, ndiye kuti limatha kumangirizidwa kuti lisasweke kapena kugwa pansi pazalemera zake kapena kuchokera kumphepo yamkuntho ndi yamvula.
Hesperis ndi chomera cholimbana ndi chisanu ndipo sichitenga njira zapadera kuti zizitetezedwa ku kutentha kochepa, pokhapokha ngati kuli chipale chofewa, koma nyengo yachisanu, chipangiri chowonjezera chiyenera kupangidwira.
Kufalikira kwa ma violets ausiku
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, usiku wa violet imatulutsa bwino podzilimitsa, koma ngati mukufuna, ndizotheka ndi mbande. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupeza zotengera za mbande, ndikuthira dothi. Kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, mbewu zimatsanulidwa mwachindunji padziko lapansi, ndikufundidwa ndi chisakanizo cha peat ndi humus, ndikuyambira kwa 0.5-1 cm. Pambuyo pake, peat ndi humus wosanjikiza zimapangidwa pang'ono ndikuthiriridwa, pambuyo pake chidebe, ndi mbewu zofesedwa, chimakutidwa ndi filimu ya pulasitiki kuti apange greenhouse. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri ndi awiri, kutentha pa 20 + C, mphukira zoyambirira zidzawonekera.
Pansi pa machitidwe oyenera, chinyezi chabwino, mphukira zazing'ono zimayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu ndikukula, ndipo masamba oyamba atatu atawonekera, amatha kusamutsidwa pansi, kutiotseguka. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuthilira ndi kumasula nthaka, kuti mpweya udze mizu ya chomera. Chakumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, mapesi a usiku usiku amakhala kwambiri ndi masamba pamaluwa. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yotsatira, mbewu zazing'ono zimaphuka kwambiri.
Pofuna kuti musavutike ndi mbande, mutha kubzala mbeu zazing'ono mutadzilola nokha ndikusiya mbewu zazing'ono zambiri pakufunika kubereka.
Mbewu zithafesedwa m'nthaka kaya nthawi ya masika, mutatha nthaka yosungunuka, kapena kugwa, isanafike zipatso zoyambirira.
M'chaka chachitatu cha hesitteris, zokopa zake zimagwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake, zimalimbikitsidwanso kukonzanso mbewu chaka chilichonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti limamasula kwambiri mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta zakumakula kwa ma violets a usiku.
Kamangidwe kazithunzi
Phwando lamadzulo limawoneka bwino kwambiri litabzalidwa m'magulu m'malo akulu. Ma inflorescence ake owala komanso owoneka bwino amawonekera bwino pamtunda wawutali. Imawoneka bwino m'mphepete mwa dziwe zochita kupanga, pafupi ndi udzu wokongoletsera kapena fern. Chifukwa cha fungo lokhazikika (lomwe limatchedwa usiku violet), ndilabwino popanga minda yafungo ndi maluwa a gulugufe, chifukwa masamba ndi zitsamba zimadya mitundu ina ya mbozi. Nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa m'malo ampumulo wamadzulo kuti muzisangalala ndi fungo labwino, lomwe limakulirakulira madzulo.
Matrona amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu popanga maluwa okongola kwambiri, poganizira kuti masamba ake amachedwa kukongoletsa, chifukwa chake, maluwa omwe amachedwa, odziwika ayenera kubzalidwe pafupi kuti abise cholakwika ichi. Maluwa a usiku maula angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupangira maluwa, ndipo chomeracho ndi chomera chabwino cha uchi.
Mapesi a Hesperis amakhala ndi mafuta osachepera 50%, omwe amalola kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha ng'ombe.
Masamba ndi zimayambira za ma violets a usiku zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wowerengeka ngati diaphoretic ndi diuretic.
Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti wachibale wapamtima wa Hesperis ndi kabichi wamba komanso kuti nocturnal violet alibe ubale ndi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse. Amachitcha kuti violet chifukwa cha fungo lokhazikika, komanso usiku chifukwa zimapangidwa mokulira madzulo.
