Pakati pa mitengo ya bromeliad yomwe imakhala ndi kubzala pamasamba imawonedwa kachilendo kuposa maluwa. Wapamwamba, wophatikizidwa ndimakongoleti odabwitsa, amakumbukira mitolo ya nthenga za mbalame, masamba amtchire amagwa kolimba komanso nsonga. Zomwe zimapangika mwachangu, matumba amapangira mapilo osavomerezeka m'miphika. Ichi mwina chomera chophweka kwambiri kuti chikule kuchokera ku banja la Bromeliad, koma osati nondescript. Dikkiy chidwi, chowoneka chapamwamba komanso ngati kuti chimapangidwa kuti chikongoletse zipinda ndi mawonekedwe amakono.
Dikkia ndiye wolimba kwambiri pakati pa bromeliads.
Kukongola kwamtchire - kufotokozera chomera
Dzinalo loipitsitsa la botanical linaperekedwa polemekeza osati katswiri wazopanga zokha, wodziwika bwino ku Germany, komanso wojambula wodabwitsa wa Count Prince Reiferscheld-Dick. Izi, osati zotchuka kwambiri, bromeliad m'zaka zaposachedwa zakopa chidwi chambiri, chifukwa ochepa amatha kufananitsa ndi kupirira kwachilichonse.
Zinyama zamtchire zimapezeka zachilengedwe makamaka ku South America. Koma mosiyana ndi ma bromeliad onse aku Latin America, sanabwere kwa ife kuchokera ku nkhalango zotentha. Mphepo zam'madzi zimapezeka kumadera ouma a Brazil ndi oyandikana nawo, amakonda kukhazikika pamiyala yotentha komanso komwe chilala chimalamulira.
Dikkia ndiwodziwika bwino kuchokera kubanja lonse la Bromeliad malinga ndi kukula kwake. Sipangokhala malo ogulitsa osangalatsa, kumasula mwana m'modzi kapena awiri atamwalira. Chomera chikukulirakulira nthawi zonse ndikupanga njira zingapo kotero kuti chimasandulika kukhala kachulukidwe kapena gulu lokhathamira la "mipira" yokongola ya zigawo, ndikupanga mawonekedwe odabwitsa ndi zotsatira zake.
Matumba amama safa ngakhale maluwa atamasulidwa. Dikkia ndi mbewu yokongoletsa komanso yolimba kwambiri. Mpweya wake ndiwofatsa.
Amtchire amadziwika ndi masamba okongola kwambiri, amawombera miyala yamiyala, yopindika patali, yokhala ndi maukali komanso lakuthwa m'mphepete, zomwe zimapatsa mbewuyo mawonekedwe okongoletsa. Amakhala kwambiri m'matumba osapanga zojambula zosasangalatsa, koma "akasupe" okongola ndi "mabatani". Mphepete mwamlingo wophatikizika ndi mbali zokulira za masamba. Makala pamasamba amatha kupezeka pansi pokhapokha, ndikuphimba pansi lonse.
Zala zam'mano ndizazikulu, zowongoka kapena zopindika, zopindika ngati bowo, mpaka 4 mm kutalika. Pamtchire, mtundu wolemera wamitundu ya masamba ndiwowonekera. Pakati pawo pali mitundu ndi mitundu yokhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, wamtambo wakuda kapena wowoneka bwino wobiriwira. Ndipo pali zodabwitsa zasiliva kapena zamtundu wobiriwira komanso zikhalidwe zomwe zimawoneka zosiyanasiyananso chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa masamba ndi masamba.
Maluwa akutchire amakongoletsa kwambiri, ngakhale mbewuyo sinapatsidwe mtengo chifukwa chake. Pazitali zazitali, zazitali ndi masamba apansi, mabatani ang'onoang'ono kapena makutu a belu amatuluka pamwamba pa mabowo. Mtundu wa lalanje umasiyanitsidwa bwino ndi masamba onse amitengo ndipo umapatsanso mbewu mochokera.
Ma inflorescence amtchire amatha kukhala ochulukirapo kapena otayirira, nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika ngati kumverera. Mabatani amawoneka ngati masamba pazovala; Maluwa okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 2,5 amawoneka kuti ndi achichepera, nthawi zambiri amasiyanasiyana kumasulidwa kapena kusungidwa pokhapokha pamiyala yam'mapiri ndi oyambira apakati.
Maluwa akuthengo.
Mitundu yam'tchire yamkati
M'nyumba mumamera mitundu isanu yokha yamtchire.
Wofiyira-kuthengo (Dyckia brevifolia) - chomera chokongola komanso chokongola kwambiri chomwe chimakhala ndi masamba opindika patali mpaka 12 cm kutalika kokha ndi 3 cm. Mphepete mwake yolunjika, m'mphepete mwamphangati, mbedza imakongoletsa chomera. Mizere yowongoka yokhala ndi masamba, yokhala ndi korona wama inflorescence, omwe amatha kukhala wandiweyani kapena otayirira kwathunthu. Maluwa amapaka utoto wachikasu.
Chikkia Chipanda (Dyckia fosteriana) - imodzi mwazinthu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri, zowoneka kuti ndizoyenda kuchokera kutali, komanso pafupi - zodabwitsa ndi masewera odabwitsa a mawonekedwe ofunikira chifukwa chakumapeto kwa masamba owonda. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri imapangidwa ndi masamba mpaka 17 cm. Mtengowo umapinda mokongola kuti mawonekedwe ake pang'ono pang'ono awonekera bwino kwambiri. Mphepete simangokhala zongozungulira, koma zopaka uvu, komanso zokhala ndi imvi zopindika bwino. Kusiyanitsa kwa minga ndi mtundu wakuda wamasamba kumapangitsa mphamvu ya nthiti kapena mikwingwirima, ngakhale kuti mbewuyo sinapandwe konse. Tsitsi lakuonda lokhala ndi masamba a lanceolate limakhala ndi ma spikelets owala a inflorescence okhala ndi maluwa a lalanje, omwe samasiyana motayirira, koma mumtundu wosanjidwa.
Dikkia payokha staminate (Dyckia choristaminea) - mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri a siliva okhala ndi mtundu wapadera wobiriwira. Zovala zowoneka bwino, zotsika kwambiri, zimatalika mpaka 12 cm kutalika kwake ndi 0.5 cm ndi m'mphepete mwake modabwitsa. Masamba osasunthika amaunjika ma arcs okongola. Mphamvu ya mbewuyi imapangidwa chifukwa cha mizere yakuwala. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nthumwi zochititsa chidwi kwambiri komanso zowoneka bwino za ma Bromeliads, momwe maluwa amatengedwa ngati osathandiza. Mabulashi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi masamba obiriwira otambalala amasangalala ndi maluwa achikasu, achikasu.
Dikkia Niederleina (Dyckia niederleinii) - mawonekedwe okongola komanso owoneka bwino okhala ndi zipilala zazitali, zopindika komanso masamba opanga ma silhouette achilendo. Ma Rosette ndi wandiweyani komanso wandiweyani, koma chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a masamba akuwoneka kuti angathe kulembedwa. Kuwala, mpaka 60 masentimita, mapepala otambalala mpaka kumapeto kwenikweni, kuphatikiza mtundu wowala bwino, amathanso kudzitamandira m'mphepete mwamitunda yokhotakhota yopindika. Ma Peduncle ndi owonda kwambiri, ovala korona wa inflorescence wokhala ndi maluwa achikasu ndi ma petals achilendo a wavy.
Dikkia Velazcan (Dyckia velascana) - chomera chokhala ndi zopindika, zopyapyala, koma zopindika. Masamba ndi oonda, okhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 4 cm, okhala ndi m'mphepete kwambiri, mpaka theka la mita kutalika. Zovala zokhala m'mphepete ndizokulirapo, mpaka 0.4 cm, zazitali, zamtundu. Mtundu wowala wobiriwira umasiyana ndi nsonga zopepuka za masamba. Atasunthika, ngati kuti masamba opendekera masamba opendekera amakhala ngati maluwa opindika mpaka 1 m kutalika, wokhala ndi korona wa mantha a inflorescence okhala ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono ndi maluwa akutali a kamvekedwe ka maluwa achikasu.
Chilombo chofupikitsidwa (Dyckia brevifolia).
Dickia Foster (Dyckia fosteriana).
Dikkia Niederleina (Dyckia niederleinii).
Zikhalidwe zam'mtchire
Mwachilengedwe, zopulumutsa zimayandikira kwambiri kutsata ndi cacti kuposa ma Bromeliads. Zomera zodabwitsa izi ndizolekerera chilala, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nyengo yovuta komanso youma ndi nyengo yotentha, koma zimakonda kwambiri chinyezi chambiri ndipo zimafunikira kusankha kwa malo akumwera kwenikweni - kotentha, kutentha ndi kutentha.
Dikkia - mbewu osati zokulira mumphika wokha monga njira yodziyimira yokhayokha komanso yofunika mkati. Ndikosavuta kupeza bromeliad yabwino kwambiri yokongoletsa zamaluwa ndi malo owotcherera, minda yamiyala yam'nyumba, kindergartens pamisala kapena pamiyeso, kutsanzira miyala. Ophatikizidwa bwino ndi ma suppulents ndi cacti, amakulolani kusiyanitsa mizere ndi kapangidwe kake, kukwezeretsa nyimbo kuchokera ku nyenyezi zamkati zam'chipululu.
Kuyatsa ndi kuyika
Dikkii ndi amodzi mwa zikhalidwe zamkati zomwe zimakonda kwambiri dzuwa. Satha kukhalanso okongoletsa ngati kuwala kwa dzuwa kuli kochepera maola 4 patsiku. Akakulidwa mu nyimbo zokongoletsera, zakutchire zimawunikiridwa, koma kuyika pazenera ndizabwino kwambiri. Kuwala kowala ndikofunikira pachomera chaka chonse, ngakhale nthawi yozizira.
Dikkiy amakonda mazenera akumwera, khalani bwino kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. Kwenikweni malo owonekera dzuwa mnyumba amasankhidwa pachikhalidwe ichi.
Kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino
Ngakhale amakonda madera akumwera, savage sakhala konse mbewu zomwe zimakonda kutentha. Mwachilengedwe, amatha kupirira zovuta zilizonse, ndipo zipinda ndizokongoletsa kwambiri kutentha. Mukuzizira kwakuthengo, malekezero a masamba sawuma konse, mtengowo suvutika ndi kusowa kwa nyali.
Kutentha kwa chipinda chamtchire ndi koyenereradi, koma ngati nkotheka kusunga mbewu pamtunda wa pafupifupi madigiri 18-20, iwo adzadabwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu yobiriwira. Munthawi yopumira, chilombo chimakonda kuzizira, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa mpweya, koma chimapulumuka nyengo yozizira. Kutentha kwambiri ndi pafupifupi madigiri 10.
Dikkiy amakonda mpweya wabwino, nthawi yotentha ndibwino kupita nawo ku khonde kapena ku dimba, koma ngakhale mutakula muzipinda zakutchire, kukwera ndege pafupipafupi kapena zenera lozizira limafunikira.
Dikkia ndi bromeliad yosavuta yosamalira.
Chisamaliro Panyumba
Ndikosavuta kupeza bromeliad yosavuta kusamalira. Ngakhale wamaluwa osadziwa zambiri komanso omwe amangoyendayenda, kutchire sikukubweretsera mavuto. Chomera chimapirira chilala, chimafuna kuthirira osowa, sichifunikira njira zowonjezera chinyezi.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Kutsirira kocheperako ndikochofunikira kwambiri kuthengo, chifukwa chomwe adalandira chikhalidwe chosalemekeza kwambiri. Mtengowo umathiriridwa ndi madzi pang'ono pokhapokha umauma. Osachepera, kuthirira komwe sikuloleza gawo lapansi kuti lizikhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, chidwi cha zomwe zili zouma ndicho chitsimikizo chachikulu cha thanzi la bromeliad uyu.
M'nyengo yozizira, pamene mbewu zimayima, chipululu chimamwetsedwedwa kambiri, osasiya mizu kuti iume. Chifukwa chaichi, bromeliad samathiriridwa kulowa mu malo ogulitsira, koma pansi pa khosi la mizu, kuyesera kuti tisanyowe masamba. Madzi azikhala osalala komanso ofewa. Chomera chimakonda kuthirira ndi kusungunuka, mvula kapena madzi osefedwa.
Dikkii sikuti amangofunikira kuwonjezera chinyontho cha mpweya, komanso samakonda malo otentha. Kuyandikira kwambiri kwa chinyezi kumakhala kwapakati kapena kwapakati, kutsika kumawoneka bwino komanso kumakula bwino. Kumwaza ndi kulowetsa masamba mukathilira chomera ichi ndikoletsedwa, monga momwe zimagwirira ntchito pang'onopang'ono. Ngati zakutchire zili pamalo otentha kwambiri, kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi kwakanthawi kudzalepheretsa malangizo a masamba kuyanika.
Feteleza ndi kuphatikizira feteleza
Monga ma bromeliad onse, zilombo sizimakonda kudya kwambiri. Mtengowo umadyetsedwa osati mchaka ndi chilimwe, koma chaka chonse, koma posintha pafupipafupi njira izi, kuthira manyowa nthawi zonse ndi madzi othirira. Nthawi zambiri mavalidwe apamwamba amakhala masabata atatu aliwonse m'chilimwe komanso kamodzi pa masabata 4-6 pakugwa ndi nthawi yozizira ndikumadzaza kwa feteleza.
Pazakutchire, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wapadera wa cacti kapena feteleza wachilengedwe chonse. Ngati ndi kotheka (makamaka mukakhala panja chilimwe), kuphatikiza michere ndi organic kusinthana.
Dikkia Velascan (Dyckia velascana).
Mukukula ndi kupanga
Pamtchire, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mosamala peduncle mutatha kufota maluwa. Masamba owonongeka amapangidwanso, kuyesera kuti asakhudze kapena kuvulaza mapepala oyandikana nawo.
Thirani ndi gawo lapansi
Zotengera zachilendo zimasankhidwira kuthengo. Zomera zimatulutsa makanda ndi zophukira, ndikupanga masango owuma tchire, koma mizu yakuthengo siyophatikiza. Bromeliad iyi imakulidwa mumiyala yosalala, yopingasa, mwina kusankha mbale zokongoletsera. Kukula kwa zotengera kumasankhidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa mbewuzo, osapatsa kuthengo ufulu wambiri kuti muzikhala mitengo yabwino.
Mwa zoopsa, ndikubzala zomwe zimafunidwa ndimakonda - pomwe mbewuyo ilibe malo oti ipangikepo. Ndi nyama zakuthengo zokha zomwe zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse.
Kusakaniza kwa dothi la mbewuyi kuyenera kukhala kopepuka komanso kwamchenga. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito gawo logulika lomwe linapangidwa kale chifukwa cha mauleulents kapena cacti. Ngati dothi limasakanizidwa palokha, ndiye kuti dothi lamchere, mchenga ndi dothi la pepala zimaphatikizidwa mogwirizana ndi 2: 2: 1.
Zomera zimasinthidwa ku zida zatsopano bwino. Ma spikes akuthwa amafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Magulu amtchire amagawidwa pokhapokha ngati mukufuna kufalitsa mbewu ndikupeza tchigawo chatsopano kapena ndi zizindikiro za kusokonekera kwa gawo lina la tchire. Pansi pa mapoto panagona ngalande kwambiri (mpaka ½ ya kutalika kwake).
Matenda, tizirombo ndi mavuto akukula
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa oimira khola mkati mwa bromeliads. Dikkia imatha kudwala chifukwa cha kuvunda chifukwa chodzaza madzi kapena kunyowetsa masamba, chinyezi kwambiri.
Mavuto aliwonse, kuphatikizira kwadzidzidzi kwamtchire kumachitika ndikuchotsa mbali zowonongeka, kupatukana ndikuthandizira kupewa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso fungicides. Tizilombo timayambitsa masamba okha osasamalidwa bwino ndi mbewu zina zodwala.
Dikkiya imafalikira mosavuta ndi kulekanitsa zigawo za ana aakazi.
Kuswana kwakuthengo
Dikky amapanga ma poti aakazi kwambiri kotero kuti funso la njira yoyenera yosaberekera silimabuka. Makoko am'mbali amangolekanitsidwa ndi chomera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi mizu ndipo adakula mokwanira kulima pawokha. Mutha kugawa tchire lakale kwambiri m'magawo awiri.
Pakugulitsa (kapena kwa iwo omwe akufuna kulima mbewu kuchokera ku mbewu), njira yofalitsira nyama zamtchire imapezekanso. Mbewu zofesedwa mumilingo yaying'ono mulifupi ndikuyatsa theka la mchenga ndi theka la subtart. Pansi pa mbale pamafunika ngalande.
Kufesa kumachitika mopitilira muyeso, mbande zimakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira pa kutentha kwapakati pa 18 mpaka 20 degrees. Zomera zimayenda pansi pokhapokha pokhazikitsidwa timiyala tating'ono.
