Superphosphate sichimaganiziridwa ngati feteleza wovuta kwambiri, chomwe chinthu chachikulu ndi phosphorous. Nthawi zambiri kuvala kumeneku kumayikidwa mu nthawi ya masika, koma superphosphate nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wa yophukira ndi feteleza mkati mwa nyengo. Kuphatikiza pa phosphorous, fetelezayu amakhalanso ndi nayitrogeni pang'ono. Popeza izi, mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza m'nthaka nthawi yophukira, muyenera kusamala ndikuyesera kuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi imeneyo mwina pamiyeso yaying'ono, kapena kuthira manyowa dothi lodzalidwa masika.
Superphosphate - amapindulitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
Werengani nawonso zambiri mwatsatanetsatane: feteleza wotchuka wa mchere.
Zapamwamba za Superphosphate
Monga tanena kale, chinthu chachikulu mu fetelezayu ndi phosphorous. Kuchuluka kwa phosphorous mu superphosphate kumatha kusiyanasiyana komanso kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 50 peresenti. Phosphorous imapezeka mu feteleza ngati phosphoric acid yaulere komanso monocalcium phosphate.
Ubwino waukulu wa fetelezayu ndi kupezeka kwa phosphorous oxide mmenemo, womwe ndi madzi osungunuka ndi madzi. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, mbewu zobzalidwa zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimafunikira mwachangu, makamaka ngati feteleza womasungunuka kale atadziwitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, fetelezayu akhoza kukhala ndi: nayitrogeni, sulufu, gypsum ndi boron, komanso molybdenum.
Superphosphate imapezeka kuchokera ku ma phosphorites achilengedwe, omwe amapangidwa ndikusintha nyama zakufa zadziko lathuli kukhala mafupa. Zinthu zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri, chifukwa chomwe superphosphate imapezeka, ndikutaya kusungunuka kwazitsulo (tomoscales).
Phosphorous palokha, monga mukudziwa, siofala kwambiri, koma mbewu zopanda vuto zimakula bwino ndikupatsa mbewu zochepa, chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate kupangira nthaka ndi phosphorous ndikugulitsa mbewu zokhala ndi chinthuchi ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Pa kufunika kwa phosphorous pazomera
Phosphorous m'minda imathandizira kuti pakhale mphamvu zochulukirapo, zomwe zimathandizira kulowa kwa mbewu mu nyengo ya zipatso. Kukhalapo kwa chinthuchi mokulira kumalola mbewu, chifukwa cha mizu, kuyamwa zinthu zazing'ono ndi zazikulu.
Amakhulupirira kuti phosphorous imayang'anira kupezeka kwa nayitrogeni, chifukwa chake, imathandizira kutalika kwa nitrate m'mazomera. Phosphorous ikakhala yochepa, masamba azomera zosiyanasiyana amakhala obiriwira, nthawi zambiri amakhala a chikasu kapena mtundu wachikasu. Mu ndiwo zamasamba, pakati penipeni ndimakutidwa ndi mawanga akuda.
Nthawi zambiri, kusowa kwa phosphorous kumasainidwa ndi mbande zongobzala kumene, komanso mbande zomwe zikupezeka pamalopo. Nthawi zambiri, kusintha kwamitundu ya masamba, kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa phosphorous, kumawonedwa mu nyengo yozizira, pomwe kumamwa kwake kumakhala kovuta.
Phosphorous imayendetsa magwiridwe antchito a mizu, imalepheretsa kusintha kwokhudzana ndi zaka zambiri zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, imalimbikitsa mbewu kubala zipatso, komanso kukulitsa nthawi yopanga, zimakhudza kukoma kwa zipatso ndi zipatso, komanso masamba.
Werengani nkhani zathu mwatsatanetsatane: Zambiri za feteleza wa Phosphate.
Masamba a phwetekere akuwonetsa kusowa kwa phosphorous.
Mitundu ya Superphosphate
Pali mitundu ingapo ya feteleza. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa feteleza ndi wina kumapezeka m'njira yopezera izi. Odziwika kwambiri ndi superphosphate yosavuta, granular superphosphate, superphosphate wapawiri ndi ammonium superphosphate.
Superphosphate yosavuta ndi ufa wa imvi. Ndibwino chifukwa sichimaphika pomwe chinyezi chimakhala chochepera 50%. Feteleza uyu ali ndi 20% phosphorous, pafupifupi 9% nayitrogeni ndi pafupifupi 9% sulfure, mulinso calcium sulfate. Ngati mumanunkhiza fetelezayu, mutha kununkhiza fungo la asidi.
Ngati tingayerekeze superphosphate yosavuta ndi granular superphosphate kapena iwiri superphosphate, ndiye kuti (bwino) pamalo achitatu. Ponena za mtengo wa fetelezayu, ndizochepa, kotero nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamilandu ikuluikulu. Nthawi zambiri, superphosphate yosavuta imachulukitsa chonde cha kompositi, feteleza wobiriwira, nthawi zambiri imayambitsa dothi losungunuka.
Kuti mupeze granular superphosphate, superphosphate yosavuta imayamba kunyowetsedwa ndi madzi, kenako ndikukanikizidwa, kenako granules zimapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Mu fetelezayu, gawo la phosphorous limafikira theka la umuna, ndipo gawo la calcium sulfate ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu.
Ma granules ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kugula. Chifukwa choti nkhokwe zonse mumadzi ndi m'nthaka zimasungunuka pang'ono, mphamvu ya fetelezayu imakhala yotalikirapo ndipo nthawi zina imafika miyezi ingapo. Ma superphosphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mtanda, nyemba, phala ndi babu.
Mu superphosphate pali zosachepera zochepa zosafunikira, zimakhala ndi phosphorous ndi calcium yambiri, komanso pafupifupi 20% nayitrogeni ndi pafupifupi 5-7% sulfure.
Superphosphate ya Amoni nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta okhala ndi mafuta komanso popachika zoperewera pamalopo. Sulfafa mu feteleza uyu ali pafupifupi 13%, koma woposa theka ndiomwe limawerengera calcium.
Malangizo oyenera a superphosphate
Kuposa zonse, zofunikira za fetelezayu zimatengedwa ndi dothi la alkaline kapena dothi losaloledwa, koma pamiyala yokhala ndi acidity yambiri, phosphorous imatha kuwola kukhala phosphate wachitsulo ndi aluminium phosphate, yomwe singatengeke ndi mbewu zomwe zalimidwa.
Mwakutero, mphamvu ya superphosphate imatha kupitilizidwa ndikusakanikirana ndi chisanadze ndikuwonjezera pathanthwe la phosphate, miyala yamiyala, choko ndi humus, ndikugwiritsa ntchito pamtunda wopanda nkhawa.
Werengani nkhani zathu mwatsatanetsatane: Dothi Lachilengedwe - Momwe Mungadziwire ndi Deoxidize.
Granular Superphosphate.
Momwe manyowa ndi superphosphate?
Superphosphate ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kompositi, kuwonjezeranso dothi popanga mabedi kapena mabowo, kuwonjezeranso dothi m'dzinja likakumbidwa, kumwazidwa padziko lapansi kapena ngakhale matalala, kapena kusungunuka m'madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati mavalidwe apamwamba.
Nthawi zambiri superphosphate imayambitsidwa molondola nthawi yophukira, panthawi imeneyi ndizosatheka kuwonjezera feteleza uyu. Nyengo yachisanu, feteleza amapezeka mu mawonekedwe opezeka ndi zomera, ndipo nthawi yamasika, mbewu zobzalidwa zimatenga zinthu zambiri m'nthaka monga zimafunikira.
Kodi feteleza uyu amafunikira zochuluka motani?
Nthawi zambiri, m'dzinja, 45 g pa lalikulu mita iliyonse amawonjezerapo kukumba, kumapeto kumachulukitsidwa mpaka 40. Pamadothi osavomerezeka kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa fetelezayu kumatha kuchulukitsidwa.
Mukawonjezeredwa ku humus - 10 makilogalamu, onjezani 10 g ya superphosphate. Mukabzala mbatata kapena mbewu zamasamba pamalo okhazikika mbande, ndikofunika kuwonjezera theka la supuni ya feteleza uyu pachitsime chilichonse.
Mukabzala zitsamba, ndikofunika kuwonjezera 25 g ya feteleza kubowo lililonse, ndipo mutabzala mitengo yazipatso - 30 g wa feteleza.
Njira yokonzekera yankho
Feteleza wosungunuka m'madzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito masika. Si chinsinsi kuti mwanjira imeneyi michere imalowa mu mbewu mwachangu, komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti fetelezayu samasungunuka bwino m'madzi ozizira komanso ovuta. Kuti timasungunula superphosphate, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa, madzi amvula. Feteleza ayenera kuthiridwa kaye ndi madzi otentha, kuyikamo chidebe cha lita imodzi, ndikuthira feteleza wosungunuka kale m'madzi ofunikira.
Ngati palibe mwachangu, ndiye kuti feteleza atha kuyikidwa mu chidebe chamdima ndi madzi, ndikuyika pamalo otseguka patsiku lotentha - m'maola angapo feteleza atha kusungunuka.
Pofuna kuti usungunuke feteleza nthawi iliyonse, mutha kukonzekera kugwiritsika ntchito, komwe kumatha kuthiridwa feteleza 350 g ndi kuthira ndi malita atatu a madzi otentha. Zimakhalabe kwa kotala la ola kuti zimalimbikitse zomwe zimapangidwazo kuti ziganamba zisungunuke kwathunthu momwe zingathere. Musanagwiritse ntchito, izi zimafunika kuchepetsedwa ndi 100 g yokhazikika pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi. Mukaphatikiza manyowa m'nthaka, ndikofunika kuwonjezera 15 g ya urea kuti muzingokhalitsa, ndipo m'dzinja - 450 g phulusa.
Tsopano tikulankhula za mbewu ziti ndi njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito superphosphate.
Superphosphate mbande
Sabata imodzi ndikathirira mbande, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate yosavuta, iyo, mu 50 g pa lalikulu mita, iyenera kuyikidwira panthaka yomwe idamasulidwa kale.
Superphosphate ya mitengo yokhwima ndi tchire itha kuyikidwa mkati mwa nyengo.
Superphosphate yazomera zipatso
Nthawi zambiri amabweretsedwa mchaka, chifukwa mmera uliwonse amakhala supuni ya feteleza. Ndi chololedwa kuyambitsa icho mukadzala mmera mu maenje obzala, mufunika kutsanulira feteleza zana limodzi ndi dothi. Ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa superphosphate podzala mbande pachaka, kuthira feteleza ndi fetelezayu sikumveka.
Pakati pa nyengoyo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa superphosphate pansi pamitengo yachikulire kungathe kubwerezedwanso. Munthawi imeneyi, 80-90 g ya superphosphate pa mtengo ndiyofunika kuwonjezeredwa kumalire.
Superphosphate ya tomato
Kwa tomato, superphosphate iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri pa nyengo, nthawi yoyamba yomwe imabzala mukabzala mbande, ndipo kachiwiri - panthawi yamaluwa. Mukabzala, feteleza 15 g mumayikidwa dzenje, osakanikirana ndi dothi. Pakadutsa nthawi, phwetekere ikadzaphuka, muyenera kuthira feteleza chikhalidwe ndi feteleza wophatikizidwa ndi madzi.
Superphosphate ya mbatata
Superphosphate nthawi zambiri imawonjezedwa pachitsime pobzala mbatata. Wogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopaka pang'onopang'ono, akumalowetsa magawo 10 pachitsime chilichonse, kuwaphatikiza ndi dothi.
Superphosphate wa nkhaka
Superphosphate imawonjezeredwa pansi pa nkhaka kawiri. Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika sabata pambuyo pokweza mbande, panthawiyi 50 g ya superphosphate kusungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi akuwonjezeredwa, umu ndi momwe zimakhalira pakadutsa mita imodzi. Kachiwiri nthawi yamaluwa, 40 g ya superphosphate, yosungunuka mumtsuko, imawonjezeredwa, ndizofananso pamtunda wa dothi.
Garlic Superphosphate
Superphosphate nthawi zambiri imathiridwa ndi dothi losungidwa adyo. Chitani izi pamwezi musanabzale adyo, kuphatikiza kuvala kwapamwamba ndi kukumba m'nthaka, kuthera 30 g ya superphosphate pa 1m2. Ngati pali vuto la phosphorous (la chomera), ndiye kuti mu chilimwe cha chilimwe mutha kuthiridwanso, komwe 40 g ya superphosphate iyenera kuchepetsedwa mumtsuko wamadzi ndipo yankho lake liyenera kuthanulidwa ndi mulu wambiri wa adyo, kunyowetsa bwino.
Superphosphate Mphesa
Nthawi zambiri, superphosphate imawonjezeredwa kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri pachikhalidwe ichi. Pakutalika kwa nyengoyi, amawonjezera 50 g ya superphosphate, yomwe imalowetsedwa mu dothi lonyowa ndikuya pafupifupi 30 cm.
Superphosphate pansi pamunda wa sitiroberi
Pansi pa sitiroberi, superphosphate ya m'munda imayambitsidwa ndikusintha mbande. Kuchuluka kwa superphosphate pachitsime chilichonse ndi 10. Muthanso kuwonjezera superphosphate mu mawonekedwe osungunuka, pomwe 30 g ya feteleza imasungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi, chofunikira pa chitsime chilichonse ndi 250 ml yankho.
Super Raspberry Phosphate
Superphosphate ya raspberries imapangidwa mu yophukira - kumayambiriro kapena pakati pa Seputembala. Kuchuluka kwa superphosphate ndi 50 g pa lalikulu mita. Kuti izi zitheke, pangani zosowa pang'ono, masentimita 15 kumbuyo kuchokera pakati pachitsamba 30 cm.
Amathandizanso dothi poika feteleza m'maenje mukadzala mbande za rasipiberi. M'dzenje lililonse muyenera kupanga 70 g ya superphosphate, kuiphatikiza ndi dothi.
Superphosphate wa mtengo wa apulo
Pansi pa mtengo wa maapulo, feteleza uyu amawagwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri pakugwa kwa 35 g pa mita imodzi ya thunthu kuzungulira munthaka yomasuka kale komanso madzi ambiri. Pa mtengo uliwonse wa ma apulo, pafupifupi 3 makilogalamu 5 a superphosphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pomaliza Mutha kuwona kuti superphosphate ndi feteleza wotchuka, amathandizira nthaka ndi phosphorous ndi zinthu zina zomwe zili feteleza. Feteleza ndiwotsika mtengo, ndipo chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali, zotsatira zake zimatha zaka.
