Pakadali pano, pakati pa zokolola zina zamasamba, zipatso za ku Mediterranean zimayamba kukhala malo olimba - masamba saladi wa arugula (arugula, rucola). Kwa nthawi yayitali anali wachilendo kwa zakudya zaku Russia. Ngati ku Italy m'zaka za zana loyamba, arugula amadziwika kuti ndiwo masamba ofunika patebulo yodyera, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira, ndiye kuti ku Russia kunali kudula kwamasamba ndipo m'zaka za 20 mpaka 21 zokha pomwe msika wa saladi ukakhala malo oyenera maphikidwe amkhitchini a zigawo zathu.
Kubzala Arugula, kapena kubzala kwa Caterpillar, kapena kubzala kwa Indau, kapena kufesa Eruka (Eruca vesicaria, syn. Eruca sativa)Pakadali pano, ku Russia, "Chitaliyana" chidawerengedwa mokwanira ngati chikhalidwe cha chakudya. Sifunika chisamaliro chapadera, imakula momasuka m'malo omwe kuli nyengo yovuta.
Arugula itha kukhala wamkulu:
- pobzala pofesa mbewu ndi kudzera mbande;
- mu wowonjezera kutentha pofesa mwachindunji mbewu ndi mbande;
- kunyumba pazenera zakhitchini.
Ndikukupemphani, owerenga inu okondedwa, kuti mudziwe njira zokulitsa arugula, mawonekedwe ake ndi mitundu yake yokulira m'matumba ndi m'minda.
Mankhwala m'zomera
Kuthengo, ku Russia, arugula imapezeka ku gawo la ku Europe, kumapiri a Dagestan ndi Caucasus. Mwachilengedwe, amasankha dothi louma, lopepuka, lotayirira.
M'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi amatchedwa ndi mayina osiyanasiyana: roketi saladi, rauka, rocca, rocket, arugula, rugola, rughetta, mapwando, indau, eruca. Ku Russian Federation, nthawi zambiri amatcha kuti gander, kubzala kwa indow, ndipo m'malo ena - mpiru wamtchire.
Mankhwala m'zomera ndi gawo la banja la Brassicaceae. Dzina ladziko lonse lasayansi ndi Eruca sativa.
Arugula ndi chomera chosangalatsa kwambiri. Pansi pamsika dzina "Arugula" pali mitundu iwiri ya saladi:
- dimba arugula (Eruca sativa), dzina la botanical kufesa zamkatikapena kufesa mbozi, kapena kufesa Eruka (Eruca vesicaria).
- arugula wamtchire, kapena dzina la botanical wocheperako (Diplotaxis tenuifolia).
Mitundu yonseyi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola, opatsa mbale zonunkhira za mafuta opatsa thanzi. Kuyendera mwachangu, ndizofanana, koma ndizomera ziwiri zosiyana.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Zosiyanasiyana zamaluwa arugula, kapena indau - mbewu zapachaka. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe am'munsi mwa masamba am'munsi okhala ndi chimphepo, nthawi zina chosalala. Maluwa mu burashi wamtali wamtundu wosowa (oyera, kirimu, wachikasu, wokhala ndi mitsitsi yofiirira). Masamba amadziwika ndi kukoma kowoneka ngati zonunkhira ndi kope la mpiru. Mbewu m'matumba mumakhazikitsidwa m'mizere iwiri, yofanana ndi kanjere kampiru.
Wild arugula, kapena biconductor woonda-matope, amatanthauza osatha. Zomera zazitali 70 mpaka 70 zimakonda kugona. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe a tsamba lamasamba am'munsi la rosette: yopapatiza, yayitali, yopangidwa mwamphamvu. Kulawa, masamba ndi akuthwa kuposa omwe amapezeka pachaka. Maluwa amakhalanso ndi mabulashi aatali, otayirira, koma mtundu wa ma corolla petali ndi wachikasu, kusandulika kukhala lalanje. Mbewu m'matumba ndizochepa kwambiri (monga mbewu za poppy), zopangidwa m'mizere iwiri. Mafani azakudya zonunkhira amakonda arugula wamtchire.
Mu Russian Federation, munda arugula, kapena kubzala kwa Indow (kufesa kwa Erica) ndizofala kwambiri. Zoweta zidabereka mitundu yopitilira 30 yoyenera kulimidwa kumadera osiyanasiyana ku Russia.
Munda wa Arugula, kapena kufesa kwa Eruka (Eruca vesicaria) 
Arugula ndi yakuthengo, kapena tsamba la Tricky (Diplotaxis tenuifolia).
Kufotokozera kwa Botolo la Arugula
Indau (arugula) ndi chomera cha 40-60 masentimita omwe ali ndi tsinde lolunjika, lopindika, lopindika pang'ono. Muzu ndi ndodo. Masamba amatenga rosette. Amakhuthala pang'ono, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi. Amakhala ndi tsabola wotsekemera ndi tsabola wotsalira wa mpiru. Maonekedwe a tsamba limatengera mitundu ndi mtundu wa arugula. Masamba am'munsi ndi otambalala, obovate ndi tsamba lotumphuka, ophatikizidwa amitambo yoyenda ndi timitengo tating'onoting'ono kapena tating'ono tating'ono tambiri. M'mphepete mwa tsamba limatha kupangika, ndi m'mphepete mwa masamba.
Kutulutsa kwa Arugula mu Meyi - Julayi. Inflorescence ndi burashi wautali, wotayirira. Maluwa ndi ochepa, osiyanasiyana: oyera, oyera-oyera, achikasu. Ziphuphu za Corolla zokhala ndi mitsempha yofiirira. Amakhala ovala mawonekedwe. Chipatsocho ndi chopondera pamiyendo yocheperako. Mkatikati mwa nyemba, mbewu zosanjidwa m'mizere iwiri ndizoponderezedwa ozungulira kapena chowongoka. Mtundu wake ndi wonyezimira, wowala bwino. Kukumbukira za njere za mpiru.
Njira zakukula kwa arugula
Arugula itha kukhala wamkulu:
- poyera ndi mbewu ndi mbande kum'mwera zigawo ndi madera otentha;
- zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yochepa yozizira - kudzera mbande panthaka kapena malo wowonjezera kutentha;
- kumadera ozizira - m'malo otenthetsera kutentha pabedi mbewu, mu hydroponic njira;
- chaka chonse mumphika chikhalidwe kunyumba.
Kukula kwa arugula kutchire
Kusankha kwatsamba
Arugula imafunika kuyatsa kowala koma kosokoneza. Pakuzungulira kwachilengedwe, mabedi ake amatetezedwa ndi dzuwa ndi mbewu zazitali (chimanga, nyemba zopotera pa trellis) kapena malo omwe ali ndi gawo pang'ono pang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'malo otentha kwambiri, kutentha kwa dzuwa, arugula imayamba kuwombera mwachangu, imapanga masamba owoneka bwino ndi chowawa.
Kufunika kwadothi
Kwa arugula, dothi lamchere pang'ono komanso losalimba, madzi ndi mpweya wabwino, ndizabwino. Arugula imamwalira panthaka yokhala acidic, ndipo tchire lokhazikitsidwa limapangidwa wopanda zitsamba zabwino.
Ngati kwanthawi yayitali dothi limakhala chonde ngati feteleza, ndiye kuti pansi pa nthawi yophukira ndikofunikira kuwonjezera laimu kuti muchotse acidity yosungirako ndikupereka mbewuzo ndi calcium.
Ngati m'dzinja muli malichi, ndiye kuti nthawi yophukira isanafese, 35-40 g / sq. m. Kemira kapena nitrophoski. Ngati m'mbuyomu dothi lidakola chonde mokwanira, manyowa obiriwira adagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye feteleza sayenera kuyikidwa pansi pa arugula pokonza dothi.
Ngati malire sakuchitika, ndipo nthaka ikufunika feteleza, ndiye kuti mutha kukumba pamalowo. mamita 30 30 g wa nitrophosphate kapena urea.
Mukukula, ndi bwino kusaphatikiza arugula, chifukwa masamba amatenga nitrites ndi ma nitrate omwe amakhudza thanzi la munthu. Ngati zikuchedwa kupita patsogolo, mutha kumavala zachabechabe ndi ma microelements (mutha kuzigula mu shopu yamaluwa).
Malo pakusintha kwachikhalidwe
Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi nandolo ndi nyemba zina, zukini, squash, dzungu, mbatata, tomato, kaloti. Pambuyo pa arugula, mbewu zopanda mbewu siziyenera kubzala ndi kufesedwa kwa zaka 3-5 chifukwa cha matenda ndi tizirombo wamba.
Nyengo yosoka
Arugula ndi ya masamba osakhwima, osakhwima msipu wazipatso.
Mbewu zimayamba kufesedwa pamene dothi latenthedwa ndi masentimita 7-10 mpaka + 6 ... + 10ºС. Popeza arugula ndi mbewu yabwino, ndikotheka kuchita masabata angapo ndi masabata 1.5-2.0 mu Marichi - Epulo ndi theka lonse la chilimwe, kubwereza mbewu zingapo kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala. M'madera otentha, ntchito yokolola yophukira ikhoza kukolola kuyambira September mpaka Novembala.
Arugula imafesedwa ndi kubzala nyengo yachisanu ndikupeza kukolola koyambirira koyambirira. Kubzala kumachitika m'madera omwe amakhala ndi kutentha kwa zero osazizira mosatentha, komwe kungayambitse kutuphuka ndi kumera kwa mbeu (ndiye kuti mbewu yamtsogolo idzafa). Kubzala kumachitika pafupifupi mu Okutobala - Novembala, ndipo kumwera - mu February windows.
Munda wa Arugula, kapena Kubzala kwa Caterpillar, kapena kubzala kwa Indau, kapena kufesa kwa Eruka (Eruca vesicaria, syn. Eruca sativa)Kusoka kwa Agrotechnics
Mbewu za Arugula zimafesedwa m'njira wamba ndikutalikirana kwa masentimita 30 mpaka 45. Mbewuzo zamizidwa ndi 2 cm, kutengera mtundu wa dothi. Chimodzi mwa chikhalidwe ndi nthawi yayitali yambewu. Chifukwa chake, pakubwera mbande, kupatulira pang'ono kumachitika, ndikusiya wolimba kwambiri mzere uliwonse masentimita 8-10.Mabowo olimba amapanga masamba ang'onoang'ono, okhala ndi mitsempha yoyipa. Mbewu za Arugula zimayamba kumera pa kutentha kwa mpweya wa + 9 ... + 10ºС, koma makulidwe opeza mbande zachangu komanso ochezeka ndi + 17 ... + 23ºС.
Chisamaliro Chakunja Cha mankhwala
Kuteteza mbewu ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Arugula amatanthauza mbewu zovomerezeka. Masamba okonzeka kudula amapangidwa pakatha miyezi 1-1.5. Chifukwa chake, palibe mankhwala azomera omwe ali ndi mankhwala omwe angathe kuchitika.
Kusintha mtundu wamasamba, maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mawanga onyentchera amawonetsa matenda kapena kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo. Njira yayikulu yotetezera kupewa:
- kukonzanso dothi labwino kwambiri;
- mwambo wazikhalidwe;
- udzu ulamuliro;
- kugwiritsa ntchito njere zathanzi zokonzekera kufesa.
Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi komanso mabakiteriya, kugwiritsa ntchito biofungicides (phytosporin-M, mauir, alirin, etc.) ndikuloledwa. Kusanthula mbewu kumachitika molingana ndi malingaliro. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, mbewu zodwala zimachotsedwa bwino m'mundamo ndikuwonongeka, ndipo malowa amakhetsedwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
Unyinji wobiriwira wa arugula ndi wokongola kwa mbozi za kabichi, moths kabichi ndi lepidoptera, utitiri wopachika, ma slgs. Mukabzala mbande mu nthaka kapena mbande zikaoneka, ena olima amalangizawo amafesa masamba okhala ndi chivundikiro (koma osati filimu) kuti atetezeke ku nthomba za kabichi. Kuwaza dothi ndi mbewu moyenera ndi fumbi la fodya, phulusa losenda bwino. Kufufuza mayankho azitsamba, makamaka chitsamba chosavomerezeka ndi chosafunika. Kutsalira pamasamba, njirayi imawapatsanso zipatso zosafunikira.
Mukukula kwakula, arugula wa slugs ndi mbozi ndi ochepa awo amasonkhanitsidwa pamanja. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira omwe ali ndi bioinsecticides (bitoxibacillin-BTU-r, aversectin-C, planriz, tabazole, etc.) malinga ndi malingaliro.
Kuthirira
Kutsirira ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale mbeu yabwino. Kuperewera kwa madzi kumapangisa masamba, kumawapatsa kuwawa. Kutsirira kumachitika pakati pa kanjira, kutsika pang'ono, kuti dothi lomwe lili ndi splashes lamadzi lisadetse masamba a arugula. Madzi masiku awiri aliwonse, makamaka m'mawa mpaka maola 9 mpaka 10 kapena maola 16 tsiku lonse. Ndi kuthirira kochepa (nthawi 1-2 pa sabata, masamba apamwamba), masamba a saladi wokometsetsa amakhala owala, kukhala ndi zipatso zowawa pambuyo pake ndipo osayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuphika.
Chisamaliro chambiri
Mutha kupulumutsa mphukira za arugula munthawi ya masika kubwerera masaka pobisalira. Pambuyo chisanu, kutchinjiriza kuyenera kuchotsedwa. Arugula ndi yolimba ndipo imatha kupirira kuzizira kwakanthawi kochepa mpaka -7ºº.
Dothi lomwe lili pansi pa arugula limalimidwa nthawi zonse komanso lopanda udzu. Mukathirira, dothi laphikidwa, lomwe limangolola kuti lisungemo chinyezi, komanso kuteteza masamba kuti asadetsedwe ndi dothi pambuyo pake kuthirira. Mulchi ndi yaying'ono humus ndi udzu wosankhidwa. Zosakaniza za mulch zimachulukitsa pang'onopang'ono - kuyambira 2 mpaka 3 cm kapena kupitilira. Mulch pansi pa tchire limayikidwa kuti masamba asakhale pansi.
Kututa ndi kusunga
Kudula koyamba kwa masamba a arugula kumachitika ndi tsamba lalitali masentimita 8-12. Omwe amatsatira, ndikofunikira. Pakukolola komaliza kwa msipu wobiriwira, mbewuyo imasungidwa mufiriji, m'chipinda chozizira, koma osapitirira masiku 7-8. Masamba odulidwa amatsukidwa, kuchotsedwapo kuti asakhale chinyezi chambiri, wokutidwa ndi pepala kapena filimu ndikuyika pansi.
Munda wa Arugula, kapena kufesa kwa Eruka (Eruca vesicaria).
Kukula arugula mu wowonjezera kutentha
M'madera obiriwira, arugula amatha kubzala chaka chonse mwakufesa mbewu kapena mbande.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Ngati dothi lagreenhouse silinasinthidwe kwa nthawi yayitali, ntchito yonse yofunikira imagwidwa kuti ipangitse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwumba ndi ma Microbial amoyo (Baikal EM-1, Ekomik ololera, ndi zina), mutha kubzala mu siderat ndipo, ndi kukula kwa biomass kutalika kwa 10 cm, kukumba m'nthaka ndikukumba kuti ikhale masentimita 5-7 .
Ngati dothi lasinthidwa mwadongosolo, kukumba kumachitika, ngati kuli kotheka, kupanga kemir kapena nitrophoska pamlingo wa 15-25 g / sq. m lalikulu.
Mukakumba, pansi pamaunda ndikuphwanyidwa ndipo mabedi amapangidwa. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, amafesa.
Kufesa mbewu
Asanafesere, dothi limanyowa. Pambuyo pa 15-25 masentimita, mizere ya kuya kwa masentimita 1.0 imadulidwa.
Mbewu zofesedwa ndikuzama masentimita 0,5-1.0. Patulani ndi dothi louma pamwamba. Kufesa kumakutidwa ndi filimu.
Chisamaliro
Ndikubwera kwa mphukira yoyamba ya arugula, filimuyi imachotsedwa. Nthaka imakhala ndi zotayirira, popanda udzu, osalola mapangidwe a dothi louma. Kutsirira kumachitika nthawi zambiri (patatha masiku awiri), koma m'malo ochepa (popanda kusefukira). Kuwala kumayambitsa koma kowala. Kudula koyamba kwa amadyera kumachitika pamene masamba akukula mpaka 8-10 8-10. Otsatirawa - ngati pakufunika.
Kugwiritsa ntchito arugula yatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali, kufesa mbewu kungathe kubwerezedwanso patatha masiku 10-15 mpaka pakati pa Epulo.
Kukula kwa arugula kunyumba
Kunyumba, mutha kulima mbewu yabwino chaka chonse, kupatsa banja zitsamba zatsopano, makamaka zofunikira kumayambiriro kwamasika.
Kukula saladi wokometsera ndibwino pawindo yakhitchini. Nthawi zina miphika ya arugula imagwira ntchito ngati malo achilengedwe opangira nyumba. Chikhalidwechi chimayikidwa pazenera komanso coasters komanso muzipinda zina. Saladi yokometsera imakonda kuyatsa kowala. Ndi wopanda kuwala, kuunikira kowonjezera ndi nyali za fluorescent kapena phytolamp ndikofunikira. Kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumakhalako m'chipindacho ndi + 18 ... + 20ºС. Pamatenthedwe okwera, ma airing amachitika (popanda kukonzekera), malo ozungulira amakhala osungunuka kuchokera ku atomizer yomwazika bwino.
Kubzala ndi chisamaliro
Pofesa arugula, dothi litha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsira (dothi "la masamba") kapena kukonzanso palokha pogwiritsa ntchito dothi, humus ndi mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 2: 2: 1. Gawo lokonzekera lokhazikika liyenera kupulumutsidwa ndi njira imodzi yovomerezeka.
Nthaka yokonzedwa kapena yogula imadzazidwa ndi zotungira kapena zitsulo zazing'ono. Pukutsani nthaka ndikuchita kufesa wamba ndi masentimita okwanira 6-8 masentimita kufika pakuya kwa 0,5-1.0. Tsekani kufesa ndi filimu. Pakatha masiku 4-6, pofika mbande, arugula amachotsa filimuyo ndikuyiyika bokosilo pawindo kapena pamalo ena owala bwino.
Mpweya wouma umatonzedwa kudzera pa atomizer yabwino. Nthaka imakhala yonyowa nthawi zonse.
Mukapanga masamba enieni a 2, mbande zazing'ono za arugula zimasulidwa / kudumphira pansi 1-2 mbewu pachidebe kapena m'mabokosi okhala ndi mbande zaulere.
Panthawi yazomera, musalole mapangidwe a inflorescence. Amadulidwa pomwepo. Ndikubwera kwamaluwa, masamba azikhalidwezi amasintha ndipo amakhala owawa. Bokosi lokhala ndi mbande lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kufesa mbeu yotsatira. Kukonzanso kumachitika pambuyo pa masabata awiri.
Munda wa Arugula, kapena kufesa kwa Eruka (Eruca vesicaria)Kukula mbande za arugula
Pamwambapa, tidasanthula kulima kwa arugula kuchokera ku mbewu m'malo osiyanasiyana: malo otseguka, wowonjezera kutentha komanso kunyumba. Tchire la Arugula limakhala m'dera lalikulu ndipo, kuti muchulukitse zokolola, umatha kumera chifukwa cha mbande. Kukula ndi mbande kumabweretsa ndalama zambiri:
- mbewuyo imapanga zipatso zochuluka kwambiri;
- Njira yodzala imasungira nthawi pakukolola mutabzala m'malo okhazikika.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kukulitsa arugula kudzera mbande m'mabande ndikumachedwa kwa nyengo yofunda (mutha kuyimitsa katatu ndi kukolola kwathunthu).
Kutengera ndi dera, mbewu za arugula zimabzalidwa mbande kumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi ndikupitiliza kufesa ndi masabata awiri mpaka pakati pa Epulo.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi, kufesa mbewu ndi zina mmera ndi zofanana ndi zomwe zikukula pa arugula kunyumba. Kutulutsa mbeu za Arugula ndikofunikira mukamagwiritsa ntchito nokha kapena pogula kwa amalonda amsika pamsika.
Pambuyo pakupanga masamba awiri owona, mbande zimatsika pansi:
- m'mabokosi okhala ndi njira yofikira (20-25 cm - mzere kutalikirana, 10-15 masentimita - mndandanda);
- mumagulu apadera a peat, omwe amabzala ndi mbewu m'malo okhazikika;
- mumaphika osiyana kapena mumbale zina za mbeu 1-2.
Zaka za mbande za arugula pakubzala m'malo okhazikika ndi masiku 25-28. Dothi liyenera kutentha mpaka kutentha kwa + 6 ... + 10ºС. Kutentha kwa mpweya kumachokera ku + 14-16ºС mpaka + 18-20ºС.
Pafupifupi m'malo otentha, mbande za makapu amtundu wa peat (zomwe zimayambitsa kuvuta pang'ono mutabzala) zibzalidwe pansi kumapeto kwa Marichi - khumi oyambilira a Epulo (kutengera ndi kuyambika kwa kutentha kwamasika kwanyengo).
M'madera ozizira, mbande za arugula zimayikidwa zaka zoyambirira za Epulo, ndipo kubzala pansi kumachitika kuchokera theka lachiwiri la Meyi.
Musanadzalemo arugula m'malo okhazikika, ndikofunikira kuumitsa mbande. Mbande nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa nthawi yobzala madzulo, poyera masana, zomwe zimathandiza mbewu kuti zizolowera nyengo yatsopano.
Zosiyanasiyana za arugula polima chilimwe
M'munda wamtchire, mitundu iwiri ya arugula imakulidwa:
- chikhalidwe (kufesa zamkati, kufesa eruca);
- zakutchire, zomwe zimadziwika kuti roketi yamtchire, ana awiri-wozungulira-woonda.
Arugula ndi chomera pachaka, koma pakati pa mitundu yaminda yam'munda palinso mbewu zamitundu iwiri. Mizu yomwe idasiyidwa m'nthaka itatha nyengo yachisanu yodulidwa m'misasa imapanga kukolola koyambirira kwa masamba a vitamini kumayambiriro kwamasika. Kwa nyengo yanyumba yazilimwe, mitundu yoyambirira ndi yapakati pa arugula yapachaka ndizoyenera kwambiri, monga zasonyezedwera pansipa.
Zosiyanasiyana letesi arugula olivetta - Kumayambiriro, kuyambira kumera mpaka kukolola amadyera masiku 20-25. Utali ndi masentimita 20-25. Masamba ndi owumbidwa bwino, mawonekedwe ake ndiwopanda pake. Waphikidwe, wobiriwira wolemera, onunkhira. Lawani mchere wa mpiru ndi kukoma kowawa. Fungo lake ndi mafuta omwe amatchulidwa, omwe amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi ophika.
Zosiyanasiyana letesi arugula spartak - Kumayambiriro, kuyambira kumera mpaka kukolola masamba 24-28 masiku. Kutalika kwa mbewu mpaka 70 cm, tsamba losanjika ndi masentimita 18 mpaka 22. Rosette yamasamba imakweza theka. Masamba ndi oboola pakati, osalala. Zonunkhira zokometsera. Maluwa a kirimu. Zosiyanasiyana ndizakudya.
Zosiyanasiyana letesi arugula victoria - Mid-nyengo, kuchokera kumera mpaka kukolola amadyera masiku 28-32. Mabasi mpaka 70 cm, masamba osakhalitsa ndi okwera, okhala ndi mavitamini ambiri. Chotengera chawukitsidwa. Masamba ndi osalala, owoneka ngati maonekedwe, obiriwira wopepuka. Maluwa a kirimu. Zosiyanasiyana ndizakudya.
Zosiyanasiyana letesi arugula poker - Kucha koyambirira, kumera mpaka kukolola masamba 20-25 masiku. Zomera zodutsa, 40-80 cm wamtali. Masamba amakanidwa, wamkulu, rosette mpaka 20 cm wamtali, ali ndi kununkhira kwa mpiru. Amakhala ndi masamba 12 odulidwa, ku greenhouse, mpaka 28. Malo osiyanasiyana olimapo chilimwe.
Zosiyanasiyana letesi arugula Lybed - Ultra-oyambirira, kuyambira kumera mpaka kukolola amadyera masiku 8-20. Yoyamba imasiyidwa popanda tsamba, masamba obiriwira pang'ono. Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi kuwombera. Kutengera ndi dera, itha kubzalidwa pamalo otseguka komanso otsekeka.
Zosiyanasiyana letesi arugula mwachidwi - Mid-nyengo, kuchokera kumera mpaka kukolola amadya masiku 27-30. Mabasi mpaka 60 cm. Masamba amakhala opindika, opindika bwino ndi kununkhira kwamafuta ndi fungo. Maluwa ndi oyera chikasu, pali timitengo tofiirira. Potentha komanso kuphwanya ulimi wothirira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayenda mofulumira.
Zosiyanasiyana letesi Masewera a Arugula Cupid - Kuchedwa kwapakatikati, kumera mpaka kukolola amadyera 35 masiku atatu. Mabasi mpaka 20-30 masentimita ndi masamba opindika Maluwa achikasu. Chinthu chosiyanitsa - inflorescences ndi ofanana ndi dandelions.
Zosiyanasiyana letesi arugula Rococo - Kucha koyambirira, kumera mpaka kukolola masamba 20-25 masiku. Amapanga rosette yayitali (mpaka 18 cm) yamasamba ambiri. Tsamba lotambalala limasanjidwa m'mphepete. Masamba ali ndi kukoma kowawa ndi fungo lamphamvu. Maluwa ndi oyera.
Zosiyanasiyana letesi arugula corsica - Pakati, kuchokera kumera mpaka kukolola amadyera 30-30 masiku. Rosette wa masamba osachedwa kutalika, 60 cm, ndiwofatsa. Tsamba lamtambo ndilopapatiza, losalala. Mapangidwe ake a pepalali amakhala oumbidwa ndi mmbali. Maluwa ndi oyera ndi pinki mithunzi. Mukutentha ndi chilala, mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi imakhazikika mwachangu.
Zosiyanasiyana letesi arugula coltivata - Kucha koyambirira, kumera mpaka kukolola masamba 20-25 masiku. Rosette wa zodziwika bwino masamba mpaka 10-15 masentimita. Masamba ndi onunkhira kwambiri. Muli ndi mafuta ochulukirapo. Amakhala ndi zowonda za mpiru ndikumaliza mafuta. Maluwa a kirimu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimidwa panthaka komanso yotsekedwa.
Zosiyanasiyana letesi arugula Dikovina - Mid-nyengo, kuchokera kumera mpaka kukolola masamba 22-25 masiku. Kutalika kwa mmera mpaka masentimita 20. Masamba amatha kukhala owumbika, osalala, omwe amatengedwa mu rosette yokhazikitsidwa (18-20 cm). Kukana kuwombera, komwe kumapereka mwayi kwa nthawi yayitali kuti muzikhala zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
Lembalo likuwonetsa zozizwitsa kwambiri pankhani ya kukoma, mitundu yoberekeredwa ku Russia (kupatula mitundu ya Chiyukireniya ya Lybed ndi mitundu ya Dutch ya Koltivata). Achinyamata mitundu yosankhidwa ya Russia (omwe adalowa m'boma la mitundu yosapitirira 2005-2010) adadzitsimikizira okha akadzakula. Soketi yakukweza imakupatsani mwayi woti muthe kutola mbewu zobiriwira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapatsanso amadyera opitilira 1.0-1,5 mpaka 2,5 kg pa mita imodzi. m.
Kutsiliza nkhani yokhudza njira zokulira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya arugula, munthu sanganyalanyaze kufunika kwake monga chomera komanso zakudya zamankhwala.
Munda wa Arugula, kapena kufesa kwa Eruka (Eruca vesicaria).
Zothandiza pakugwiritsa ntchito arugula
Kupanga kwa mankhwala a arugula kumatsimikizira mankhwala ake.
Arugula ili ndi:
- mndandanda waukulu wama mavitamini - A, C, B9 ndi ena ochokera pagulu K, E, T, PP;
- zida zazing'ono zazikulu ndi zazikulu - iodini, potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium, chitsulo, selenium, zinki, manganese, mkuwa, sodium, etc.;
- flavonoids ndi zinthu zina zopanda moyo, zimakhala ndi phindu pa kagayidwe kamchere wamchere, ntchito ndi thanzi la chakudya cham'mimba, shuga yamagazi, kulimbitsa dongosolo lamanjenje, kukhala ndi mphamvu yotentha mafuta, cholesterol yotsika ndikuwonjezera hemoglobin; Arugula amalimbikitsidwa ndi madokotala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mitsempha komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Anthu aku Italiya amati arugula ndi saladi wa golide chifukwa amachiritsa bwino matenda ena a impso, chiwopsezo cha khansa, kuchepa kwa magazi, kusowa kwa ayodini, kukhalabe ndi mphamvu ya abambo (zachilengedwe aphrodisiac), komanso kuonjezera chitetezo chokwanira cha matenda ena angapo.
Yang'anani! Kuphatikizika kwa msipu wobiriwira wa arugula wokhala ndi mafuta ofunikira ndi flavonoids kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto. Chifukwa chake, musanayambe kumwa mankhwala okhala ndi arugula, pitani kuchipatala.
