Ndizosangalatsa bwanji kusirira mitundu yowala ya dahlia m'mundamo! Mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya izi zotentha komanso mbewu zina zapakhomo ndizodabwitsa komanso zokondweretsa. Dzina loyamba linaperekedwa kwa a dahlia ndi Aaziteki, iwo amawutcha "aktil". Wolemba Aztec ndi Mayans akale, maluwa adakulidwa kuti azikongoletsa akachisi a Dzuwa komanso miyambo ya kupembedza dzuwa. Amatinso kuti ndodo zawo zopanda kanthu zinagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masiku amenewo ngati mapaipi amadzi. Masiku ano, dahlias imatha kupezeka pafupifupi m'munda uliwonse. Kupatula apo, kuwonjezera pa kukongoletsa kwambiri, ali ndi mwayi winanso waukulu - wosafuna kusiya. Zambiri zili munkhaniyi.
Dahlias m'munda
Kufotokozera kwa Botanical Dahlia
Zomera zosatha zokhala ndi mizu yokhala ndi minofu, yolimba ndikuzunguliridwa ndi tuberoid, imayambira molunjika, nthambi, yosalala kapena yosasangalatsa, yopanda 250 cm. Masamba amakhala amphinthi, nthawi zina kawiri kapena katatu, osadukiza, kutalika kwa 10 mpaka 40, pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wobiriwira, wobiriwira kapena wofiirira, wokhala moyang'anizana.
Inflorescences dahlia - mabasiketi, wokutira wopota chikho, ali ndi mizere iwiri iwiri ya masamba obiriwira, opakidwa pansi. Maluwa am'mbuyo ndi mabango, akulu, amitundu ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana; ma kati ndi a tubular, achikasu a golide kapena ofiira, ofiira ndi zipatso.
Mitundu ya genus dahlia imaphatikiza, malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira mitundu 4 mpaka 24, yomwe imagawidwa makamaka kumadera akumapiri a Mexico, Guatemala, ndi Colombia.
Kusankha malo m'munda ndikubzala dahlia
Pakulima dahlias, muyenera kusankha dzuwa, lotetezedwa ku malo ozizira ndi amphepo yamphamvu ndi mpweya wabwino. Simungawabzalire m'malo otsika komanso onyowa. Mtunda pakubzala zimatengera kutalika ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba chamitundu mitundu. Tsamba lomwe lasankhidwa pa dahlia liyenera kuyatsidwa kwa maola osachepera asanu ndi limodzi masana.
Pakati pakatikati, dahlias amabzalidwa panthaka kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zoyambirira za June, pomwe ngozi ya kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June idutsa. Amakumba dzenje pa fosholo, kumayendetsa mtengo mpaka ma sentimita 130-150 kutalika kwa "chitsamba" cham'tsogolo, ndikuyika dzenje, ngati akufunikira dothi, manyowa owola, 20-30 g wa superphosphate, sakanizani chilichonse bwino, madzi ambiri ndikubzala tuber ndi chotupa , amakhala asanakhazikitsidwe kunyumba pawindo kapena pabediwidi.
Mukabzala moyenera, khosi la dahlia mizu liyenera kukhala masentimita 2-3 pansi panthaka. Chomera mutabzala chimamangiriridwa pamtengo. Kenako garter imachitidwa monga kuchuluka kwamasamba a chitsamba kukulira. Chisamaliro chinanso chimakhala kuthilira, kupeta, kumasula, kuvala pamwamba.
Kusamalira dahlias?
Chisamaliro cha Dahlia chimaphatikizapo kuweta, kusinthasintha nthawi ndi zikhomo, kuthirira nthawi zonse komanso kuvala zovala zapamwamba panthawi yake. M'mbuyomu, sipangakhale masamba awiri okha osasiyidwa pa tuber iliyonse, kenako, mphukira zotsala zimasweka kuti zisafooketse kukula kwa zazikulu. Zikhomo za garter dahlia zimayendetsa musanafike. Kutalika kuyenera kukhala masentimita 40 pansi pa kutalika kwa mbewu yokhayokha. Zimayambira zimayamba kumangirizidwa zikafika 30 cm ndikupitiliza kuchita izi pamene zimakula kuti ziziteteza.
Kubzala mbewu kumakhala ndi cholinga chomwecho. Chifukwa chamaluwa oyamba, ndikofunikira kuchotsa pafupipafupi masamba obiriwira - mphukira zam'maso zomwe zimamera m'makoma a masamba, ndipo izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mwachangu kuti kuvulaza mbewuyo kuchepe. Kuyambira pa masamba anayi, mphukira zam'mphepowo zimangokhala chitsamba. Maphunziro ochepa a dahlia satenga mwana wopeza.
Kuti mupeze ma inflorescence ambiri oyenera kudula, tsinani mphukira yayikulu masamba anayi, masamba akuwombera apamwamba adakhazikitsidwa chachiwiri. Mphukira wapakati umachotsedwa, womwe umatsogolera pakukula ndi kuumitsa kwa peduncle, kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa inflorescence. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakukula kwa chiwonetsero cha dahlias. Ngati inflorescence sanadulidwe, ndiye kuti amachotsedwa atangoyamba kuphuka. Kupanda kutero, mawonekedwe a mbewu zofunkha ndikupanga masamba atsopano amachedwetsedwa.
Dahlia kuthana ndi Melody Mambo
Kudyetsa dahlia kumachitika mizu itazala mutabzala (osati kale kuposa masiku 5-7), ndikudalirana kwa masiku 10 mutathirira mbewuyo. Kuzungulira chitsamba kupanga dzenje lakuya masentimita 10-12, kudyetsa, kenako ndikupangitsani bowo. Pakudyetsa (3-4 nthawi) gwiritsani ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa mullein (1:10), ndikuwonjezera feteleza wa superphosphate ndi nayitrogeni (20 g pa 10 l yamadzi). Ndi bwinonso kuchita kudyetsa kwa 3-4 ndi superphosphate (50 g pa 10 l ya madzi) ndikuphatikiza ndi manja atatu a phulusa.
Ndi chisamaliro ichi, maluwa ambiri a dahlias amakwaniritsidwa ndipo kukula kwa inflorescence ndikokulirapo. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika mu Juni ndi theka loyamba la Julayi, ndipo mu Ogasiti, kumangovala kamodzi kokha kumachitika ndi potaziyamu sulfate kuti upangidwe bwino wa tubers (30 g pachitsamba chilichonse). Simuyenera kukonda feteleza wa nayitrogeni, chifukwa izi zimachepetsa maluwa, chitsamba chimangopeza masamba akuluakulu, ofooka pang'ono ndipo amapanga ma tubers omwe samasungidwa bwino. Kuyambira Seputembala, siyani kuthilira ndi kudyetsa.
Pakati pa Ogasiti, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti dahlias aphimbidwe ndi masentimita 8-12 kuti ateteze khosi la mizu kuti lisawonongeke chisanu. Kuyambira Seputembala, siyani kuthilira ndi kudyetsa.
Kuswana dahlia
Kufalitsa mbewu Dahlia imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pagulu la mitundu iwiri yopanda-kawiri komanso ntchito yosankha. Kukonzekera mbande, kufesa mbewu kumachitika mu Marichi-Epulo m'mabokosi osakanikirana ndi peat ndi mchenga (3: 1). Popewa matenda, mbewu zimakhazikika kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10 mu njira yovomerezeka (10 ml ya 40% ya mankhwalawa pa lita imodzi yamadzi), yowuma papepala. Mbande za Dahlia zimakhira m'madzi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi njerwa za peat kapena miphika yaying'ono. Adabzala yotseguka nthaka pambuyo masika kubwerera frost.
Zodulidwa kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February komanso kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, mizu ya tubers imayikidwa (pambuyo pa chithandizo ndi 0, potazium permanganate yankho kwa mphindi 15), pama mashelufu kapena m'mabokosi, amakutidwa 1/3 ya kutalika ndi nthaka yopepuka yopanda madzi. Kutentha m'chipindacho kumasungidwa pafupifupi 20-25 ° C. Masamba akayamba kukula, kuthirira kumachuluka, ndipo kutentha kumachepera 15-18 ° C. Zodulidwa zimatengedwa pambuyo pa masabata a 3-4, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi mpaka pakati pa Meyi.
Kusintha mapangidwe a mizu, zokuthandizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito mchere wa potaziyamu wa heteroauxin wosungunuka m'madzi. Imawola msanga pang'onopang'ono, kotero ntchito zonse zimachitika ndi kuwunikira kochepa komanso mbale zamtundu wa opaque.
Choyamba, 200 g ya ufa wa malasha amakonzedwa ndikuwazunguliza pogwiritsa ntchito sieve yabwino (0.5 mm). Kenako imasakanizidwa ndi yankho la heteroauxin (1 g ya mchere wa potaziyamu pa 200 ml ya madzi oundana). 100 g ya potaziyamu kapena sodium humate, yankho la ammonium molybdenum acid (5 g pa 100 ml ya madzi) ndi 50 g wa talc amawonjezeredwa. Sakanizani bwino. Zosakaniza zosakanizazo zimaphwa popanda kuwotcha mumdima ndikuphwanyidwa kukhala ufa. Kuchulukitsa kumeneku ndikokwanira kukonza 15,000 odulidwa. Ufa umathiridwa mumtsuko ndi wosanjikiza pafupifupi 5 mm, kuti phesi limalumikizana ndi iwo pokha podula.
Popeza ma dahlia odulidwa samangokhala pa khosi muzu, komanso muzu wa tuber, amakonzekeretsa chida chakuthwa chokhala ndi tsamba lowongoka komanso lopindika (chitha kupangidwa kuchokera ku mbali za masikono ndi ma pulositi). Chida chobowola chimakwinyira tinthu timene timayambitsa kuwola. Dulani odulidwa ndi chidendene. Kukula kwake ndikofunikira, mbewuyo imaphuka bwino. Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa chidendene kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chakudula, popeza masamba ogona amadulidwa kuchokera ku muzu wokula, komwe mphukira zatsopano zimayamba. Pogwira ntchito mosamala kuchokera muzu umodzi wa tuber, mutha kudula mpaka 50. Chipangizocho chimayenera kupakidwa mankhwalawa ndi mowa mukamatha ntchito iliyonse.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni ndi ukadaulo woyenera wochotsa malekezero sizibweretsa zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka ngati mitundu iyi ikakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa yopanga mizu.
Pakuzika mizu, odulidwa amatengedwa omwe tsinde lake limakhala losachepera 3 mm mulifupi ndi 8-10 cm.Zomera zazing'ono kwambiri zimapezeka kuti zimatulutsa mochedwa kwambiri kapena alibe nthawi yophulika. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikofunikira kuchotsa zodulidwa m'mawa kapena madzulo. Mphukira za Dahlia zomwe zimadulidwa masana dzuwa nthawi zambiri zimafa zikazika mizu. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndikuti nthawi ngati imeneyi kutentha kwamasamba kumawuma kwambiri, chinyezi cha m'mlengalenga chimachepa, kusintha kwa madzi ndi masamba kumawonjezeka, ndipo mphukira zimakhala zopanda nkhawa. (Zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pakudula maluwa.) Kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20 asanadulidwe, mizu ya mizu iyenera kuwazidwa ndi madzi, makamaka chipale chofewa kapena mvula, kuti tollor mu maselo a chomera.
Zidutswa za dahlia zobzalidwa m'mabokosi zimapatsidwa madzi ambiri ndi madzi ofunda kuchokera mumtsuko wosaya madzi. Mu bokosilo muike chizindikiro ndi tsiku la odulidwa. Masiku awiri odulidwayo azikhala m'malo otetezedwa, ndiye kuti masiku 5 - pansi pa kuwunika. Ndipo zitatha izi amatha kuwunikiridwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma osapitirira maola 8 patsiku. Panthawi yozula, gawo lapansi liyenera kutenthedwa.
Kuthirira ma cutowo akuyenera kuchitidwa ndi sprayer m'mawa ndi madzulo. Ngati kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha kukwera pamwamba pa 30 °, mbewu zimafunikira kuthiridwa nthawi zambiri. Zidula zowongoka pazifukwa zilizonse ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Kuzala dahlia kumachitika, pafupifupi, patatha masiku 10-15. Kuchokera pamabokosi, kudula kumabzalidwa mumiphika, kuchokera ku greenhouse - poyera. Pamaso kubzala, mbewu ziyenera kukhazikika. Zodulidwa mizu kumayambiriro kwa June zimabzalidwa m'magulu kapena mizere pamtunda wa 60-80 cm.
Muzu dahlia mu kugwa pambuyo maluwa
Mizu ya dahlia mizu imagawidwa posachedwa kubzala, kudula mbali ziwiri kapena zitatu ndi mpeni wakuthwa kotero kuti gawo lirilonse limakhala ndi muzu wam'maso ndi chidutswa cha khosi mizu yokhala ndi maso awiri kapena atatu. Mabala onse owazidwa makala amoto ndi sulufule (1: 1). Kubzala m'malo ikuchitika kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa June, kukulitsa khosi mizu ndi 3-5 cm (kudula mizu mpaka masamba awiri).
Matenda ndi Tizilombo Dahlia
Zochizira matenda a dahlia tubers ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Pambuyo pa ntchito zonse, ndi nthawi yoti tichiritse tubers ndi fungicides (fungicides iliyonse yantchito kapena sulufufu ndiyoyenera). Mutha kuwaza nsonga za ma tubers a dahlia ndi mankhwalawa, kapena mutha kumuthira m'madzi ndikunyowetsa konse mizu yonse mu yankho. Palibe amene ananenetsa nkhawa kuti pakamiza thupi lonse la ma tubas a dahlias mumtundu womwewo, ma virus amatha kufalikira.
Mukamasankha mawonekedwe amadzimadzi okola fungus, sungani ma tubers mu njira pafupifupi mphindi 15. Pambuyo pa njirayi, muyenera kuwapukuta powayika pamtengo wamatabwa, makatoni kapena magawo angapo a manyuzipepala (chitani njirayi motsatana, malinga ndi magulu amtundu wa tubers, kuti mwayi wochepa wosokoneza).
Osamauma dahlia tubers pamakonkrati akonkriti, monga amathandizira kutambasula chinyezi komanso asanakhazikike tubers. Nthawi zonse khalani ndi zilembo zokhala ndi mitundu ya gulu la tubers ili pafupi. Ngati zida zingapo zokhala ndi yankho zakonzedwa, ikani ma tubers omwe ali ndi gawo limodzi ndipo siyani mphindi 15. Omwe alimi ena amawonjezera tizirombo tomwe timapangira yankho lokonzekera fungosis.
Malangizo ofunikira: Tayani timadzi tonse ta dahlia, tomwe timamizidwa, osamira, koma tiwolokere pamwamba pa yankho - sitikhala mpaka nyengo yotsatira.
Kumbukirani kuti njira zonse zokhala ndi ma tubers onyowa panthawiyi yogwira ntchito ndi mankhwala ziyenera kuchitika ndi magolovesi a mphira!
Olemba osiyanasiyana amalimbikitsa kuyambira mphindi 15 mpaka 30 pokonza ma tubers a dahlia. Ndipo akatswiri ambiri sawona kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito fungicides konse. Mwina nyengo ili ndi gawo lofunikira pano: m'malo otentha kwambiri okulira dahlias, kuopsa kwa matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi kumawonjezeranso kuposa kowuma.
Kusesa ndi kutafuna tizirombo ta dahlia
Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo nthata za akangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba, kupundira kwazithunzithunzi, pennies. Mu zaka zouma, zimakhala zovulaza kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo tina timanyamula mitundu yoyendera ya dahlia, motero kukhazikitsidwa kwakanthawi kwa njira zonse zowonongera komanso zowonongeka ndikofunikira kuti chikhalidwe chithe.
Spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) imakhala pansi patsamba, pomwe imapangika cobweb. Nkhupakupa zazikulu ndi zachikaso kapena chikasu, kutalika kwa 0.3-0,5 mm. Dahlias zowonongeka zimawonetsa masamba akugwa kapena mawonekedwe oyera. Kukongoletsa kwa mtengowo kumachepetsedwa, ndipo matenda akayakaya amatha.
Aphids (Aphis fabae, Myzode persicae) - tizilombo 1.4-2.5 mm kutalika, wakuda (nyemba aphid) kapena mtundu wobiriwira (greenhouse aphid). Pangani magulu akuluakulu, chifukwa kuphatikizika kwa masamba, kukula kwakuthwa komanso maluwa, kutayika kwa kukongoletsa. Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi matenda a shuga, pomwe bowa wamkati umayamba.
Wowonjezera kutentha (Neliothrips haemorrhoidalis) woderapo, wamtali 1-1,5 mm, kutalika kwa thupi, mapiko akutsogolo ndi miyendo yachikasu. Mabuu ndi oyera; Maulendo amakhala mbali zonse za masamba, amadyera pamadzi a cell. Masamba amatenga ubweya wa silika, amatembenuka chikasu ndikufa.
Ma pennies a sodium (Philaenus spumarius) amakhala m'matumbo a masamba ndi mphukira. Mphutsi zake zachikasu, zomwe zimapanga chikopa cha chithovu, ndizovulaza. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka June, amawononga masamba omwe ali pansi. Masamba a masamba otumphuka, ophimbidwa ndi mawanga achikasu; matendawa samakhwima.
Njira zoyendetsera kuyamwa tizilombo: Kututa ndi kuwononga zinyalala za mbewu ndi namsongole, kukumba kwa dothi; kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi chimodzi mwakakonzedwe - anti (0.1-0.2%), trichloromethaphosome-3, fosalone (0.2%), karbofos (0.2-0.3%), sopo wobiriwira (2%) kapena kulowetsedwa kwa fodya (2%), yarrow (8%), anyezi mankhwalawa (1/2 chidebe chake chimadzazidwa ndi madzi kwa tsiku).
Dahlias
Pokana nkhupakupa, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito celtan, nyanga (0,2%), kulowetsedwa kwa adyo (2%), nsonga za mbatata (10%), mungu wochokera mungu wokhala ndi feverfew. Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwalawa kumawonjezeranso ndi feteleza wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu (50 g wa potaziyamu mankhwala enaake kapena sulfate ndi 100 g ya superphosphate pa 10 l ya madzi).
Mwa tizilombo tambiri tambiri ta dahlias, zovulaza kwambiri ndi ma scoops - lilac, pea, munda, ndi Nutcrackers ndi Khrushchev.
Pulasitiki wofiirira (Hydroecia micacea) imawononga tsinde - mbozi yake 30-40 mm kutalika imadya pakati pake. Nthawi yomweyo, mphukira zimatha, nthawi zambiri zimaphulika. Gulugufe amaikira mazira pamiyeso ya mbewu.
Munda wamtchire ndi mtola (Polia oleracea, P. pisi) amadya masamba ndi masamba a maluwa. Pupae nthawi yachisanu m'nthaka. Gulugufe amauluka mu June-Julayi, azimayi amaikira mazira pamulu wa masamba.
Njira zolimbana ndi ma scoops: mbozi zikaoneka, mbewu zimafufutidwa ndi chlorophos, rotor, trichloromethaphos-3 (0.2%), carbophos (0.2-0.3%) kapena entobacterin-3 (0.1-0.5%). Kuti muzitsatira bwino ziphe, kupaka kumawonjezedwa ndi yankho pamlingo wa 10 g pa 1 lita.
Ndowe zatsopano siziyenera kuyambitsidwa pansi pa dahlias; m'malo otere, mbewu zimawonongeka zochulukirapo; mukamadzichepetsa dothi, mbewu sizimadwala.
Wotchera khutu wamba (Forficula auricularia) utoto wofiirira, wolimba thupi (mpaka 20 mm). Imawononga mbewu usiku, kumata mabowo pamasamba, kudya masamba a maluwa ndi mphukira zokulira. Kuwonongeka kwa khutu kumawonedwa kuyambira Julayi mpaka Seputembara.
Njira zokuwongolera: kukumba kwakukuru pansi m'dothi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi ma infusions a adyo ndi mamba anyezi. Usiku, kukopa tizilombo, kuyala nyambo ku udzu, matabwa. Masanawa amawoneka ndipo makutu otetezeka amawonongeka.
Ma tubers a Dahlia ndi mizu nthawi zambiri amawonongeka. mphutsi za naticrackers (mawayilesi) ndi mitengo. Nthawi yomweyo, mbewu zazing'ono zimafa, ndipo achikulire amakhala otsalira pakukula; The tubers kuvunda.
Chakudya chamtundu wakuda (Agriotes obscurus), chopyapyala cha mitsempha (A. lineatus), nutcracker (A. sputator), nutcracker (Selatosomus latus) ndi wakuda nutcracker (Athous niger) ndizofala kwambiri. Thupi la mphutsi ndi yopapatiza, lalitali, lachikaso, kapena lofiirira; miyendo yachifupi, yofanana kutalika. Tizilomboti timakhala totuwa kapena tofiirira, timakhala pansi nthawi yachisanu, ndipo m'mwezi wa May, timadzera pomwepo timayikira mazira - m'magulu ang'onoang'ono okhala pansi. Mphutsi kukhala zaka 3-4. Amakonda dothi lonyowa, ndikayamba nyengo youma amasamukira kudera lakuya.
Eastern Khrushchev (Melolontha hippocastani) ndi Juni khrushch (Amphimallon solstitialis) - tizilombo toopsa ta daia. Mphutsi zamtundu wa 40-45 mm, wautoto, wachikasu, wokhala ndi mutu wofiirira komanso zida zopangira pakamwa. Amakula mkati mwa zaka 3-5 - kutengera mtundu wa cartilage, malo okhala ndi nyengo ya chaka.
Njira zoyeserera motsutsana ndi ma waya ndi khrushchev: kuthirira dothi ndi chlorophos 0,2% mu Meyi-Juni, kukumba kofunda ndi 12% ya HCCH (8 g / m2). Kupanga milingo yaying'ono ya HCH (1.5 makilogalamu / ha) osakanikirana ndi granular superphosphate, kumasula pafupipafupi, kusankha kwamanja ndi kuwononga mphutsi ndizothandiza.
Agogo anga aamuna akhala akuthana ndi maluwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Mukadza kwa iye, mitundu yambiri, maluwa, mawonekedwe a mbewu izi zimatha kuwoneka m'munda wake kuti maso ake amapatutsidwa. Ndipo kuchokera nkhani za agogo anga aakazi, ndazindikira kuti maluwa amenewa ndi osazindikira kwenikweni, ndipo akaphuka, ndiye kuti simungasangalale ndi malaya okongola amenewa!
