Musanabzale zipatso ndi zipatso zamabulosi patsamba lino, muyenera kuwunika kugwirizanitsa mtengo kapena shrub ndi "okhala" ena m'derali. Zomera zimatha kukhala zopanda vuto lililonse, koma chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa matenda wamba komanso tizirombo, komanso chifukwa cha kusowa kwachilengedwe, sizingathe kukhala momasuka m'dera limodzi. Makhalidwe a chikhalidwe kapena chimzake amathandizanso - kutulutsa zinthu zapoizoni m'nthaka, masamba oopsa akugwa m'dzinja (poizoni womwe umalowa mu dothi), kuthekera kwa mbewu zoyandikana kuphatikizira mizu yawo ndi inzake. Zomera zomwe sizingabzalidwe pafupi mulimonse, tatiuza m'nkhaniyi.
Ndizomera ziti zomwe sizingabzalidwe pafupi?
Malo oyandikana ndi chifungulo chazomera zothandizirana bwino
Zoti mbewu zomwe zili ndi matenda omwewo, zimadwala ndizofanana sizingabzalidwe pafupi, mwina zimadziwika kwa aliyense. Zachidziwikire, ngati mungabwezeretse mitengo itatu kapena inayi kuchokera pamtengo, izi sizingakupulumutseni 100% kuchokera pakulimbana ndi matenda, koma zimathandizira kuchepetsa chiwopsezo chake. Zowona, m'malo ang'onoang'ono kuti mukhale mtunda wa mamita 3-4 ndizosatheka. Chifukwa chake, mukabzala mbewu, muyenera kupewa oyandikana nawo omwe ndi "abwenzi" omwe ali ndi mavuto omwewo.
Koma posankha oyandikana nawo omwe angakhale, omwe alibe adani wamba (matenda ndi tizilombo toononga), muyembekezere mavuto ena chifukwa chokhala nawo limodzi. Osachepera, kuponderezana kwa mbewu wina ndi mnzake. Ndipo zimachitika osati chifukwa chaluso cholakwika chaulimi pa chisamaliro cha mbewu. Mwachitsanzo, kusinthasintha kwa mbewu sikunyalanyazidwa, kumunda ndi m'mundamo. Ndiye kuti mbewu zomwezo zikafesedwa m'malo kuti zikololedwe, masamba osaphuka kapena mitengo yazipatso chaka chamawa, panthaka yomwe yadzala kale.
Zomera zina zimalepheretsa zina, kumasula mankhwala opweteketsa m'nthaka. Ndiye kuti, chomera cha allelopathy chimatha kuchitika (kwenikweni kuchokera ku chi Greek chakale - "kuvutika pamwano"). Chifukwa chake, m'chilengedwe mumakhala kulimbana kwa mbewu m'malo mwake pansi pano.
Chifukwa cha allelopathy, mbewu zimatha, ngakhale chisamaliro chabwino, zimatha kufooka ndikuchepera kukula, ndikumadwaladwala matenda ena, ngakhale onse, monga lamulo, njira zopeweretsera zogwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yake.
Zowona, akatswiri amatinso kudziwa kufanana: zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimayambira ndi zina mwa mbewu zina zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti "zimapangidwira" kuti zithandizire kulimbana nazo sizitha kulowerera kapena kuthandizanso ena.
Malo oyandikana nawo, monga kupewa matenda ena
Monga mukudziwa, pali matenda ndi tizilombo toononga tomwe timayambitsa osati chomera chimodzi chokha, komanso timagwiritsa ntchito banja lonse kapena timangoti ndiwozowopsa, tikuwononga mbewu zambiri zomwe zikukula pamalowo. Mwachitsanzo, titha kutcha dzina lothandizira la tubercularia ndi cytospore necrosis yazomera zodziwika bwino - zimavulaza mbewu zonse zowongoka, ndipo palibe chomwe mungachite nazo.
Koma pali matenda "osankha" ochulukirapo. Mwachitsanzo, dzimbiri lomwe bowa limayambitsa. Kuzungulira kwa fungus kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Ayenera kudutsa magulu onse atatu, ndipo pachilichonse, pokhala chomera, amatha kukula ndikuwongolera zokoka zake.
Gawo loyamba limachitika mu nthawi ya masika, pamene ecziospores imakula, ndiye kuti nthawi yachilimwe urediniospores amawonekera ndipo, pomaliza nthawi yophukira owopsa kwambiri amapangidwa - basidiospores ndi teliospores. Zosiyanasiyana izi mumtundu wothira bowa zimaphulika pazomera zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina zimasinthika m'magulu awiri kapena atatu.
Ndipo chosangalatsa ndichakuti ngakhale pakhala palibe mbewu yomwe gawo loyamba, lachiwiri kapena lachitatu la dzimbiri lingayambire, ndiye kuti matendawa omwewo sangathenso. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati barberry samamera pafupi ndi mbewu za tirigu, ndiye kuti dzimbiri silingakhudze mbewu. Barberry ndi gulu lambiri la bowa lomwe limayambitsa dzimbiri, ngati lingawonongeke, limakhala lotsimikizika kuti liteteza mbewu ku dzimbiri.
Musanabzale mtengo pamalo, yang'anani kuyanjana ndi oyandikana nawo.
Kodi ndi chiyani ndipo chingabzalidwe pafupi?
Mtengo wa apulo
Oyandikana nawo oyipa a mtengo wa apulo
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, ku USA, zipatso za maapozi zidayamba kubzala mbewu zambiri - maapulo ndizovunda kwathunthu. Ndipo chaka chilichonse mkhalidwe wawo udakulirakulira. Zinapezeka kuti maapulo amakhudzidwa ndi njenjete, kapena m'malo mwake, mbozi zake. Ndipo mitengo yobzala, yomwe panthawiyi idayamba kubzala zipatso za zipatso za apulo, ndiyofunika kuipatsa. Minda, pafupi ndi mitengo yopingayo yomwe inalibe nthawi kapena sinafune kubzala, izi sizinanyalanyaze. Kuyambira pamenepo, zimadziwika kuti pafupi ndi ine mtengo wa maapozi sungabzalidwe phulusa lamapiri.
Viburnum imatha kudya chinyezi kuchokera m'nthaka, ndikudzikoka yokha, kuchokera pamtengoyi zipatso. Kuphatikiza apo, nsabwe za m'masamba zambiri zimakhazikika pa viburnum, yomwe, motero, imafalikira ku mtengo wa apulo.
Ponena za ma conifers, monga, mwachitsanzo, kujambulira, amatha kuthira nthaka dothi nthawi yambiri, pakuchita kwake kofunikira limatulutsa timabowo tambiri tikuipitsa nthaka m'nthaka. Nthawi zambiri, muyenera kudikirira zaka pafupifupi zitatu musanabzale mtengo wa apulo m'malo mwa chomera chilichonse chopanda zipatso.
Lilac kwenikweni imakopa tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, omwe pambuyo pake amasamukira ku mtengo wa apulo.
Malo oyandikana ndi pichesi ndi chitumbuwa cha mtengo wa maapulowo ali ndi mavuto ambiri, mitundu iwiriyi ya mbewu imakula mwachangu, imadya michere yambiri kuchokera m'nthaka ndipo nthawi zambiri imatulutsa mphukira yayikulu, yomwe imakhumudwitsa mtengo wa apulo.
Mitengo ya apulo ndi yamatchire siyikhala mnzake wina ndi mnzake, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti mizu ya mtengowo imachotsa mizu ya mtengo wa apulo kuchokera kumtunda dothi kupita kumunsi, komwe kuli chonde chochepa komanso chinyezi, ndipo izi zimapangitsa mtengo wa apulo kufota.
Mnansi woyipa ndi hawthorn - amakopa kwenikweni tizirombo tonse timene timapezeka pa mtengo wa apulo.
Ngati mumabzala mitengo ya zipatso pafupi ndi mtengo wa maapozi, ndiye kuti dzimbiri lidzangowoneka m'mundawo, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzichotsa.
Ndiosafunika kusunga nthula za udzu pafupi ndi zipatso za maapulo, pomwe pamakhoza kukhala chowawa chowawa, nsabwe za m'masamba zimaberekanso bwino, zomwe zimakondwera kupita ku mtengo wa apulo pomwe masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono zimamera pamenepo.
Sipangakhale chanzeru kubzala mbatata munjira za mitengo yazipatso yaying'ono, monga momwe ena amachitira. Zowonadi ndi zakuti mbatata zimadya michere yochuluka kuchokera m'nthaka, ndikuyiwonongeratu, ndipo mitengo ya maapulo imavutika ndi njala, makamaka m'malo omwe nthaka sinayikidwepo chokwanira, kuthirira kosaneneka kumachitika ndipo mtengo wa apulo umabzalidwa pazomera zazing'ono zopanda mizu yofowoka kachitidwe.
Anthu oyandikana nawo abwino a mtengo wa apulo
Mbali yakumwera yakubzala apulo ikabzalidwe ndi tomato. Tomato siabwino kwa agulugufe, ndipo koyandikana koteroko kumadziwika kuti ndi njira yabwino yopewera tizilombo.
"Anzanu" okhala ndi apulo ndi rasipiberi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mizu ya rasipiberi imatha kukonza nayitrogeni, yomwe mtengo wa maapozi ungagwiritse ntchito, pomwe nthawi yomweyo, mizu ya rasipiberi imakulitsa mpweya ndi madzi kulowa kwa dziko lapansi. Wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amawona zabwino kuchokera polumikizana ndi mphukira za mbewuzi - njira zapadera za rasipiberi zimathandiza kuteteza mtengo wa apulo ku matenda oopsa ngati nkhanambo, ndipo mtengo wa apulowo umateteza raspberries ku nthendayi, yomwe imakhalanso yangozi ku mbewu ya mabulosi iyi.
Mtengo wina wa apulo ndi mapulo opendekera phulusa, amachotsa mochenjera zipatso zamtunduwu kuchokera mu njenjete - sizimawoneka pamtengo wa apulo. Likukhalira kuti kosakhazikika, komwe mapulo amtunduwu amatulutsa, amakhudza njenjete. Nthawi yomweyo, sikofunikira kuti mapulo azikula motalika, kuti muchepetse kukula kwa mapulo pali zosankha zambiri zokulungirako ndipo mutha kupitilizabe mosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, mita kapena theka ndi mita kutalika. Ngati mukufuna ma phytoncides mlengalenga mozungulira mtengo wa apulowo kukhala wokulirapo, ndiye kuti kamodzi patsiku mutha kupita kumunda ndikuphwanya masamba a mapulo.
Mbewu monga mtengo wa apulo ndi honeysuckle zimawoneka kuti ndizogwirizana, koma ndibwino kuti mubzale honeysuckle kuzungulira zipatso za apulo, koma osasinthiratu mbewuzo m'mizere. Kwa mtengo wa maapulo, nsomba za golide zimatha kukhala zoopsa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kosagawika ndi honeysuckle. Komanso, kuchokera pamtengo wam'madzi, khungwali limatha kufalikira ku mtengo wa maapulo.
Peyala yomwe ili m'mundamu ndi "yabwino" ndi mbewu zomwezo monga mtengo wa apulo.
Ngale
Anansi oyipa a peyala
Peyala ndi yogwirizana ndi mtengo wa apulo potengera kusakonda mbewu zomwezo, ndipo mbewu monga beech, barberry ndi mbewu zonse zamiyala, sizingokhala moyo, chifukwa beech ili ndi mizu yamphamvu komanso misa yayikulu yayikulu, ndipo barberry ili ndi zambiri zofananira peyala yamatenda ndi tizirombo. Simuyenera kubzala mitengo ya zipatso pafupi ndi dimba la peyala (zonsezi chifukwa cha dzimbiri lomweli).
Musaiwale za allelopathy - mizu ya peyala nayonso ndi poizoni, makamaka yamatcheri.
Anansi abwino a peyala
Koma amene peyala yake ndi abwenzi, imakhala ndi thundu, phulusa lamapiri wamba, popula ndipo, makamaka, wakuda wakuda. Ngakhale mitengo ya thundu imakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu, mizu yake imapita kwambiri kuposa peyala, motero mtengowo siwopikisana nawo. Phulusa lamapiri limadya michere yaying'ono ndi chinyezi ndipo limatha kudzalanso dothi ndi masamba ambiri ndi zipatso ngati silikukolola. Poplar pobzala kumpoto amatha kuteteza peyala kuti isazizidwe nthawi yozizira.
Cherry
Oyandikana oyipa kwamatcheri
Ma apricots, akuda currants, raspberries ndi mitundu yambiri yoyambirira yamitengo ya apulo imadzakhala oyandikana oyipa kwamatcheri.
Amakhulupirira kuti mizu ya apricot mizere imakhala poizoni - - pang'onopang'ono kupha mbewuyi.
Cherry ndi blackcurrant siziyenera kubzalidwe pafupi, chifukwa, sizingatheke kupanga mbewu yina, chifukwa masamba ake sazigwirizana, ndipo mizu yakudawo ikhoza kutenga gawo la mizu, udzu chinyezi ndi michere kuchokera m'nthaka.
Osabzala tomato, tsabola komanso belu mu mizere yamatcheri: chomaliza, mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri chimakopa nematode, pomwe mbewu zonse popanda kupatula zimatha kuvutika.
Banja la nightshade liyenera kutetezedwa ku cherries chifukwa chogwira ntchito youma ya nightshade verticillin (wilt). Uku ndi matenda owopsa (tidalemba za nthawi imodzi), kumabweretsa kufa kwamatanda kwamatcheri. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala chithunzi chotere - mutangochita maluwa, zipatso zimafota.
Anthu okhala nawo pafupi kwamatcheri
Koma maula ndi chitumbuwa amakhala abwenzi abwino amtengo wamatcheri - mizu yawo imakhala pafupi kuya kuya kwake, kutalika kwa mbewuyo kuli pafupifupi kofanana ndipo nthawi yakucha mbewuyo ili pafupi, kotero mutha kuthirira, kuthira manyowa, ndikukonzekera mopanda kuvulaza mbewu zapafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina yamatcheri ndi abwino kupukutira ma cherries.
Plum
Anzanu oyipa a maula
Ngati mungasankhe kubzala maula pamalowo, ndiye kuti muzibzale kutali kwambiri ndi peyala, rasipiberi, currants zakuda ndi mitengo ya apulo. Matenda ndi tizirombo tonse tofanana, china chilichonse, zimatha kudya zinthu zomwezo kuchokera m'nthaka ndipo zidzakhala mpikisano waukulu.
Anthu oyandikana nawo nyumba zambiri
Black elderberry sikuti ndi mankhwala azikhalidwe kwa anthu, komanso amatha kupulumutsa ma plamu kuchokera ku nsabwe za m'masamba. Maple azingokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakukula ndi kukula kwa plums ndi zipatso zake, ku Canada kokha, koma osati aku America, womwe umawoneka ngati mtengo wopanda udzu ku Russia. Monga mukudziwa, mapulo aku Canada amafika pamlingo wokulirapo, ngati mungasankhe kuzibzala pafupi ndi maula, muyenera kusamalira kuyang'anira kukula kwake kutalika ndikudulira kwapachaka.
Apricots
"Adani" a apricot, chifukwa cha matenda wamba, tizirombo ndi zinthu zomwe zimadyedwa kuchokera m'nthaka, ndi mitengo ya maapulo, mapeyala, plums, yamapichesi, phulusa lamapiri, yamatcheri, mwachilengedwe, mitundu yonse ya mtedza ndi masamba awo owopsa.
Musabzale rasipiberi ndi ma currants pafupi ndi apurikoti, amakhalanso ndi tizirombo tambiri. Ndikwabwino kugawa malo osiyana ndi apurikoti, kutali ndi mbewu zina.
Ndikwabwino kugawa malo osiyana ndi apurikoti, kutali ndi mbewu zina.
Peach
Peach sikhala abwenzi ndi maapulo ndi mapeyala, chifukwa pamakhala mwayi wopezeka ndi matenda ofananawo kapena kugonjetsedwa kwa tizirombo timodzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe amadya ndizofanana. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti mizu yamapichesi, kulowa m'malo opezeka mizu ya apulo ndi peyala, imatha kuyambitsa imfayo ndi kufa kwathunthu kwa omalizirawo kwakanthawi. Zachidziwikire, mutha kuwabzala pamalo amodzi, koma muyenera kubwereza zinayi,, kapena kukhulupirika, mamita asanu.
Zindikirika kuti ngati mutabzala yamatcheri posachedwa pomwepo, ndiye kuti pichesiyo ndi njira zonse, yesetsani kukula kumbali inayo, ndipo mbali yomwe ikupezeka pazomera izi imaphukira pang'ono pang'ono ndipo mphukira zake ziyamba kuuma. Izi ndichifukwa cha kukhudzika kowonjezereka kwa pichesi kuti kuwala, kumafunikira kuwala kwakukulu ndipo sikulolera mthunzi uliwonse. Ngati simukuchitapo kanthu, ndiye kuti patha zaka zingapo, pichesi imatha kufa kwathunthu.
Barberry
Ngati simukufuna chitsamba cha zipatso kuti chizikhala chodwala nthawi zonse, musabzale barberry pafupi ndi icho, sichingogwira ma hawthorn okha, mapulo aku America, iru, koma mbewu zina zimatha kuponderezedwa, ndipo izi zimagwiranso ntchito kuminda yazipatso.
Kuchokera pa zipatso, barberry imatha kukhala limodzi ndi maula, yomwe imakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu ndipo ilibe adani wamba, ndipo kuchokera zipatso zoyambirira, ndi honeysuckle. Koma mbewu zonsezi zimakhala ndi mdani wamkulu komanso wamkulu - juniper, yemwe amafalitsa dzimbiri kulikonse.
Barberry sagwira ntchito kwambiri ndi zomera, chifukwa imatulutsa zinthu zochuluka za poizoni - Berberine m'nthaka, izi zimakhudza mbewu zina, zikulepheretsa kukula kwawo ndi kukula.
Red currant
Ma currants ofiira amatha kumalumikizana ndi m'chiuno cha rose, popeza alibe matenda ndi tizilombo tozungulira, ndipo palibe zisonyezo pakati pawo, koma ayenera kuthana ndi mphukira yambiri ya rosehip chaka chilichonse, koma currants sangakule bwino ndi raspberries, chifukwa wamba oopsa tizilombo - jamu.
Ngati mukufuna kuteteza ma currants ku nkhupakupa, ndiye kuti zibzalani anyezi mumipata ya mbewuyi.
Black currant
Black currant - chinthu chachikulu ndikuchibzala kutali ndi chitumbuwa cha mbalame, chifukwa nyumba yagalasi, mdani woyipitsitsa wa currant, imabisala pa chitumbuwa cha mbalame. Osabzala ma currants ndi gooseberries pafupi ndi iwo: ali ndi matenda ochulukirapo komanso tizirombo.
Golden currant
Mu currant yamagolide, allelopathy mwina ndiyotchuka kwambiri. Komanso, iye mwini, pafupi ndi mbewu iliyonse, amakula bwino, koma amakhumudwitsa oyandikana nawo.
Nyanja yakumwa
Nyengo yanthete yam'madzi ndi chomera chotsimikizira, chobzala mbewu zina ndi mphukira. Mwakutero, sea buckthorn amatha kuphatikiza ndi sitiroberi wamunda, koma musaiwale za kukhalapo kwa matenda wamba ndi tizirombo mu mbewu izi.
Pomaliza Inde, m'malo ang'onoang'ono kumene mukufuna kubzala mitengo yambiri yazipatso ndi tchire momwe mungathere, simungathe kukhalabe ndi pakati pa mbewu. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yathu ikuthandizirani kukonza malo oyenera "okhala" m'munda mwanu. Zowonera zanu zokhudzana ndi zabwino kapena ayi pafupi ndi mbewu zingasangalale kuwerenga mu ndemanga.
