Nephrolepis - mpweya

Amakhulupirira kuti nephrolepis imasewera ngati gawo la mpweya "wokhala ngati mpweya". Makamaka, akukhulupirira kuti mbewu iyi imatha kuyamwa ndikusintha nthenga za zinthu zoyipa monga xylene, toluene ndi formaldehyde. Imasokoneza chomera ichi ndi zinthu zomwe zimalowa m'chipinda chotsekera komanso mpweya wapa anthu.

Kuphatikiza apo, akukhulupirira kuti nephrolepis imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma virus mumlengalenga omwe amatha kunyamulidwa ndi m'malovu. Zotsatira zake, chipinda chomwe nephrolepis imakhala yosavuta kupumira. Anthu aku Guyana amagwiritsa ntchito masamba awiri a nephrolepis kuchiritsa mabala ndi mabala.

Nephrolepis imakwezedwa. © Peotrus

Nephrolepis amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi okongola kwambiri. Ndikwabwino kuyiyika m'chipinda chokha. Ngati nephrolepis ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi mbewu kapena mipando ina, masamba osalimba a fern akhoza kuwonongeka.

Nephrolepis (Nephrolepis) ndi mtundu wa ferns wa banja la Lomariopsis, koma m'magulu ena amaphatikizidwa mu banja la Davalliev. Dzinalo limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek la nephros (ν φρός φρός) - "impso" ndi lepis (λ becπίς) - "mamba", mawonekedwe a khonde.

Mtundu wa Nephrolepsis umakhala ndi mitundu 30, mitundu ina yomwe imamera m'malo momera ndipo motero imalekerera dzuwa. Nephrolepis imamera m'malo otentha ku America, Africa, Southeast Asia ndi Australia. Kunja kwa malo otentha, nephrolepsis imapezeka ku Japan ndi New Zealand.

Mitengo yofupikitsidwa ya mbewu imapereka mphukira zoonda zomwe masamba obiriwira atsopano amapanga. Masamba a Cirrus, amakhazikika kukula kwa zaka zingapo ndikufika kutalika kwa 3 m kapena kupitilira. Matsenga a Nephrolepis amapezeka kumapeto kwa mitsempha. Amakhala ozunguliridwa kapena okwera m'mphepete, monga kumaliseche nephrolepis. Yokhazikitsidwa mozungulira kapena yomata, yokhazikika pamalo amodzi kapena yomata m'munsi. Mwendo sporangia a mibadwo yosiyanasiyana mkati mwa sorus yomweyo. Spores ndi yaying'ono, yokhala ndi nthenga zambiri kapena zochepa.

Nephrolepis wamtima. © Forest & Kim Starr

Kuphatikiza pa kubereka kofananira pogwiritsa ntchito spores, nephrolepis imafalitsa mobala zipatso. Pa ma rhizomes awo, nthaka yopanda masamba, yofundira yozika mizu, yofanana ndi masamba a sitiroberi. Ichi ndi chida chothandiza kwambiri kuswana. Pakangotha ​​chaka chimodzi, mbewu imodzi imatha kupanga zatsopano zoposa zana. Mitundu ina yamtunduwu imaberekanso mothandizidwa ndi ma tubers, omwe amapangika pamtunda mobisa wapansi - stolons.

Mawonekedwe

Kutentha: Nephrolepis ndi wa ferns wokonda kutentha; kutentha kwa chilimwe kumakhala pafupifupi 20-22 ° C, ndipo nthawi yozizira sakhala wotsika kuposa 13-15 ° C. Sililekerera kukonzekera.

Zowunikira: Malo a nephrolepis ayenera kukhala owala bwino, koma ndi shading kuchokera kuwuwongola mwachindunji, kuwala pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono ndi kololedwa. Nephrolepis imatha kumera m'malo amdima, koma chitsamba chimakhala chamadzi komanso choyipa.

KuthiriraKuthirira kokha ndi madzi opanda chitsime a laimu. Kuthirira mu kasupe - zochulukitsa nthawi ya chilimwe, zolimbitsa nthawi yozizira, koma nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Khosi la mizu limatuluka mumphika nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuthiramo; chifukwa chake, kuthirira kuchokera mu pallet ndikulimbikitsidwa.

Feteleza: Kuvala kwapamwamba ndi feteleza wamadzimadzi pokongoletsera masamba masamba mkati kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti milungu iwiri iliyonse. Kapena sabata feteleza wosakanizidwa.

Chinyezi cha mpweya: Nephrolepis, ngakhale idapirira, samalekerera mpweya wouma bwino, choncho imafunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Chinyezi chabwino ndi pafupifupi 50-55%. Ndikofunikira kuyika mbewuyo kutali ndi ma radiator ndi mabatire.

Xiphoid nephrolepis. © Mokkie

Thirani: Kuthira kumachitika mchaka, pokhapokha mizu itadzaza mphika wonse. Dothi liyenera kukhala ndi acidic reaction. Nthaka - gawo limodzi lowala, gawo limodzi lamtundu, 1 phula, 1 gawo la humus ndi gawo limodzi.

KuswanaKubalana makamaka pogawa kapena magawo.

Chisamaliro

Nephrolepis imakonda kuwala kosasunthika, popanda kuwalira mwachindunji.

Malo abwino kuti aikidwepo ndi mawindo okhala ndi mawonekedwe akumadzulo kapena akummawa. Pamawindo okhala ndi gawo lakum'mwera, nephrolepis imayikidwa kutali ndi zenera kapena kuwala kumwazikana kumapangidwa ndi nsalu kapena pepala lozungulira (gauze, tulle, pepala lofufuza).

Pamasiku otentha a chilimwe, amatha kutulutsidwira panja (khonde, dimba), koma iyenera kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa, kuchokera kumvula komanso kukonzekera. Ngati mulibe mwayi woyika mbewu kunja nthawi yotentha, ndiye kuti muyenera kupatsirana malo mchipindacho.

M'nyengo yozizira, nephrolepsis imapereka kuyatsa kwabwino. Mutha kupanga zowunikira zowonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent pazolinga izi, kuziyika pamwamba pa chomeracho mtunda wa 50-60 cm kwa maola osachepera 8 patsiku. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, ndikofunikira kuti mpweya wabwino uchipinda, koma kukonzekera kuyenera kupewedwa.

Kuti muchite bwino komanso kukhala bwino kwa nephrolepis nthawi ya masika-chilimwe, kutentha kwenikweni kumakhala pafupifupi 20 ° C, pa kutentha pamwamba pa 24 ° C, payenera kukhala chinyezi chachikulu, chifukwa sizolekerera bwino ndi kutentha kwambiri.

M'dzinja-nthawi yozizira, kutentha kwambiri kumakhala mulitali 14-15 ° C, mwina 3 ° C kutsika, koma pankhaniyi, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa ndikuthiriridwa madzi mosamala komanso pang'ono. Mphepo yotentha kwambiri imavulaza mbewuyo, chifukwa chake sibwino kuyiyika pafupi ndi mabatire apakati. Zojambula ziyenera kupewedwa.

Nephrolepis imakwezedwa. © Kor! An

Chapakatikati chilimwe, nephrolepis imathiriridwa madzi pambuyo pamtunda wapamwamba wa gawo lapansi. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumakhala kovomerezeka, patatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, pambuyo pazowuma zapamwamba kwambiri. Dengalo silikhala lonyowa kwambiri, dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono. Nephrolepis sikuti amakhudzidwa ndi kuyanika mwangozi kwa dothi monga ma fern ena, komabe ndikulangizidwa kuti musalole. Achinyamata a vaiyas amatha kuuma pamenepa.

Monga ferns yonse, nephrolepis imakonda chinyezi chambiri. Kwa iye, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikothandiza chaka chonse. Utsi ndi madzi osalala kapena osasankhidwa. Kwa nephrolepis, ndikofunikira kusankha malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Ndi mpweya wouma wamkati, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira kamodzi, komanso moyenera kawiri pa tsiku. Kuchulukitsa chinyezi, mbewuyo ikhoza kuikidwa pallet ndi chonyowa moss, dongo kapena miyala yamiyala. Poterepa, pansi pamphika suyenera kukhudza madzi.

Nthawi ndi nthawi, nephrolepis imatha kutsukidwa. Njirayi imayeretsa fumbi la chomera, ndikupukutanso nyemba zake, ndikasamba, kutseka mphika ndi thumba kuti madzi asalowe gawo lapansi.

Nefrolepis amadyetsedwa nthawi yakula sabata iliyonse ndi feteleza wothira (1/4 - 1/5 mwazonse) pazomera zabwino. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira samadyetsa - kudyetsa panthawiyi kumatha kudzetsa matenda obaya.

Ferns zazing'ono amazidulira kamodzi pachaka, ndipo mbewu zachikulire zikatha zaka 2-3. Ndikofunika kupangira fernyo m'miphika pulasitiki yomwe imasunga chinyontho bwino kuposa dongo. Pankhaniyi, miphika iyenera kukhala yotalikirapo komanso yotsika, popeza mizu ya fern imakula m'lifupi.

Mphika ukakhala chochepa ku mbewu, mtundu wake umafota, ndipo masamba ang'onoang'ono samakula, vayas imaphwa. Mukakula mumphika wokhala ndi masentimita 12, kutalika kwa masamba a nephrolepis nthawi zambiri kumafika masentimita 45-50. Zowonjezera zazikulu zimapezekanso, zomwe masamba ake amakhala mpaka masentimita 75. Pakupita chaka, mbewuyo imakula kwambiri.

Xiphoid nephrolepis. © Mokkie

Gawo laling'ono (pH 5-6.5) liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso lopanda magawo ofanana kwambiri amtundu wa peat, wozungulira komanso wowonjezera kutentha komanso kuwonjezera kwa ufa wamfupa (magalamu 5 pa 1 makilogalamu osakaniza). Itha kubzidwa pa peat yoyera 20 cm, komanso osakanikirana ndi magawo anayi a nthaka yabwino, gawo limodzi la mchenga komanso mchenga. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera makala pansi - iyi ndi bacteria yabwino kwambiri. Kudulira koyenera kumafunika - nephrolepis imakonda nthaka yonyowa, koma imapweteka kwambiri posasunthika kwamadzi ndi nthaka acidization. Mukabzala, musaphimbe khosi la fern ndi nthaka - siyani pamwamba pa nthambizo pansi. Mukangodzula, thirirani mbewuyo mozama ndikuwunika chinyontho cha gawo lapansi kwa sabata kuti masamba otsika asadzime.

Kuswana

Nephrolepis imafalitsidwa ndi ma spores (kawirikawiri), mizu yamiphukira yopanda masamba, magawidwe a rhizome (chitsamba), mitundu ina ya stolons (tubers).

At kubzala mbewu ku sporesAmapangidwa pansi pamasamba, amabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, koposa zonse mu nazale, yotenthetsedwa kuchokera pansi, komwe kutentha kumakhalabe pa 21 ° C.

Dulani tsamba la chomera ndikudula zokhazokha pamapepala. Thirani mu nazale ndi dambo komanso dothi lenileni la kufesa mbewu. Thirani dothi bwino ndikufalitsa spores monga momwe mungathere. Valani nazale ndigalasi ndikuyiyika pamalo amdima, otentha. Tsiku lililonse, osachotsa galasi kuti mulowetse mpweya wabwino kwa nthawi yayitali, koma musalole pansi. Nazale iyenera kuyikidwa mumdima mpaka mbewu zitawonekera (izi zichitika pakatha milungu 4-12). Kenako ndikusunthira kumalo owala ndikuchotsa galasi. Zomera zikakula, ziwume, kusiya zolimba kwambiri patali ndi 2,5 cm kuchokera kwa wina. Malingaliro achichepere omwe amapanga bwino atatha kupatulira amathanso kuwaika m'miphika ndi dothi la peaty - mbewu 2-3 iliyonse.

Kuphatikiza masamba, nephrolepis amapanga pansi pubescent wopanda masamba mphukiraozika mizu mosavuta. Mphukira zingapo (zotupa) zimakanikizidwa pansi pamphika wina wokhala ndi ma tepi kapena zidutswa za waya. Kuthirira zidutswazo ziyenera kukhala zakuti gawo lapansi mumphika limanyowa nthawi zonse. Zigawo zikamakula ndikukhala ndi vayasi yatsopano, zimasiyanitsidwa mosamala ndi chomera cha mayi.

Mukamaika nephrolepis wamkulu mu February-Marichi, mutha kusamala gawani nthambizo, koma pokhapokha kuti gawo lirilonse logawanika lili ndi malo okukula. Ngati pali gawo limodzi la kukula kapena ochepa pang'onopang'ono, ndiye kuti simungathe kugawa mbewu, izi zitha kufa. Zomera zazing'ono zitatha kugawanika sizimayamba kukula msanga. Gawo lirilonse logawanika limabzalidwa mumphika wophika, wokutidwa ndi pulasitiki yowoneka bwino, yoyikidwa m'malo otentha (popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa) ndipo mumathiriridwa ndi madzi nthawi zonse.

Mtima wa Nephrolepis umachulukana bwino tubers (stolons). Zachikulu kwambiri mwa izo zimafikira mamita 2-2,5. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timayera kapena siliva chifukwa timadontho tambiri tomwe timayang'ana pamwamba. Ikasiyanitsidwa, tubers imatha kumera nthawi yomweyo popanda nthawi yopuma. Nthawi zambiri mmera umodzi umamera kuchokera ku tuber imodzi. Nthawi zonse imakhala ndi masamba abwinobwino, chimodzimodzi ndi masamba a chomera cha mayi.

Nephrolepis wamtima. © Poco a poco

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo

Chinyezi chotsika kwambiri mchipindacho, chomwe chimatsogolera kuuma kwa nsonga za wai ndi subsidence, komanso zimathandizira kutenga kachilombo ka kangaude.

Dzuwa mwachindunji limayambitsa kutentha kwa chomera.

Osagwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kupereka gloss masamba.

Osachulukitsa chomeracho nthawi yophukira-nyengo yachisanu, izi zimabweretsa matenda a nephrolepis.

Kuti kukula bwino kwa fern, magawo aunikira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zomera zolemera zimakula bwino ndipo zimatha kufa - dothi soups ndi mizu sikukula.

Mitundu

Nephrolepis wokwera (Nephrolepis exaltata)

Kwawo - kotentha kwa Southeast Asia. Chomera kapena epiphytic herbaceous chokhala ndi mpweya waufupi wokhotakhota wokhala ndi duwa lalitali, mpaka 70 masentimita, wokhala ngati nthenga kumbuyo. Masamba omwe ali patsamba landala ndi lanceolate, obiriwira opepuka, ofupika. Magawo ("nthenga") ndi lanceolate, dl. 5 cm kapena kupitilira apo, m'mphepete mwa tawuni yonyansa. Ndi ukalamba, tsamba limasanduka chikaso ndikugwa. Mbali yakumunsi ya zigawo, pafupi m'mphepete, pali mitundu yozungulira - mizere iwiri mbali zonse ziwiri. Pa nthambizu, nthaka yopanda masamba, mphukira zozikika zimakhazikika, ndikupanga mbewu zatsopano. Zovuta zimazunguliridwa, zopangidwa mizere iwiri mbali zonse ziwiri zamkati, pafupi m'mphepete.

Pali mitundu yambiri yamaluwa mchikhalidwe, yomwe imasiyana mgawo la magawo.

• Bostoniensis - mitundu iyi idatchuka mwachangu mbali zonse za Atlantic, kotero lero pali mitundu ingapo ya Boston fern, mwachitsanzo, Rooseveltii (yayikulu, masamba a wavy), Maasii (kompositi, masamba a wavy) ndi Scottii (yaying'ono, yokhotakhota m'mbali mwa masamba).

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi masamba apinimaso, pomwe tsamba lililonse limasanjidwa. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi masamba atatu ndi kanayi osanjidwa masamba, kotero kuti mbewu yonse imawoneka lacy. Awa ndi ma Fluffy Ruffles (masamba awiri a cirrus), whitmanh (masamba atatu a zipatso za cirrus) ndi smithii (masamba kanayi wa korosi).

Nephrolepis imakwezedwa. © Jerzy Opiola

Mtima Nephrolepis (Nephrolepis cordifolia)

Kwawo - nkhalango zam'malo otentha komanso zam'malo otentha. Amasiyana ndi mtundu wam'mbuyo mwa zotupa zam'madzi zopangidwa pansi pa mphukira zam'madzi (stolons), komanso masamba owongoleredwa pafupifupi kumtunda (pankhani ya N. masamba atapindika) ndikugundana kwamitundu yambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri kudutsana. Pa chikhalidwe kuyambira 1841

Xiphoid Nephrolepis (Nephrolepis biserrata)

Kwawo - Central America, Florida, zilumba zotentha za Atlantic. Masamba ndi akulu, amakhala ndi kutalika kwa mita yopitilira, nthawi zina mpaka mamita 2.5. Palibe tubers. Mtunduwu ndi woyenera kulima wowonjezera kutentha kuposa zipinda.

Nephrolepis imawoneka bwino ngati chomera cha ampel ndipo imatha kuyikidwa zonse mumphika wokhazikika komanso mtolo wopachika. Zokwanira bwino kukula m'maholo ndi masitepe, komanso m'malo osambira, ngati pali zenera. Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kupereka kuwala masamba.