Sage, kapena Salvia - dokotala komanso zokongoletsa za malowa

Pofuna kupanga mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito njira, ogwiritsa ntchito wamaluwa ndi maluwa pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku amatchedwa Salvia, kuchokera ku dzina lachi Latin la genus (Salvia), mitundu yokongoletsera ndi mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mabedi a maluwa, mabedi amaluwa ndi kubzala mumiphika ndi maluwa. Zomera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala zimatchedwa Sage, yomwe kwakukulukulu imasinthidwa kukhala chilankhulo cha Chirasha cha dzina lachi Latin.

Dzinalo limachokera ku liwu la Chilatini "salvare", lomwe limatanthawuza kupulumutsa, kuteteza.

Mu mtundu Sage, kapena Salvia (Salvia) pafupifupi mitundu 900, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Sage ndi ya banja la Yasnotkovye (Lamiaceae) ndipo amachokera kumadera otentha komanso otentha padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula Australia. Ku America kokha, mitundu pafupifupi 500 yachilengedwe imamera. Mwachilengedwe, salvia amakhala m'malo a dzuwa: m'nkhalango zowala, m'malo otsetsereka, malo owuma komanso osefukira.

Salvia officinalis, mawonekedwe a variegate. © ccvfloresta

Mitundu yonse yamtunduwu ndi mafuta ofunikira; ena mwa iwo adalowa ngati mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, Salvia officinalis (Salvia officinalis) Zida zosiyanasiyana zamafuta ofunikira amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sage ndi mwayi wazomwe amagwiritsa ntchito sizinaphunzire.

Sage ndi chomera chonunkhira, mafuta ofunikira amapezeka makamaka masamba ake ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Masamba otuta akuyenera kukhala asanakhale maluwa, kusonkhanitsa nkotheka mu kugwa. Zinthu zomwe zili mu sage zimakhala ndi antispasmodic, disiniding, zoopsa komanso zowopsa. Malinga ndi katundu, sage imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofikitsa m'mimba, kupuma thirakiti, komanso mankhwala odana ndi kutupa pamlomo wamkati.

Masamba a lavenda (Salvia lavandulifolia). © Doc Elly

Kutchulidwa kwa sage kumapezeka mu Pliny, kuchokera pomwe tinganene kuti mbewuzo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Ufumu wa Roma ndipo mwina zidafalikira ku Europe ndi Aroma. Umboni wotsatira wotsatirawa unayamba kale ku Middle Ages: pomwe mankhwala opangira mankhwala anali ponseponse m'minda ya amonke. Amonkewa adakulitsa tchire ngati zonunkhiritsa komanso chomera chamankhwala, zomwe zimachiza chilichonse kuyambira kuzizira mpaka poyizoni. Mitundu ya zokongoletsera zamalonda inabwera ku Europe pambuyo pake, munthawi ya "osaka mbewu" komanso popanga zokongoletsera zamaluwa, zomwe zinayamba m'zaka za zana la 18. Masalanje okonda kutentha ochokera kumadera otentha amalimidwa pano ngati mbewu zobzalidwa.

Sage sparkling, kapena Salvia wanzeru (Salvia ukuwala). © M a n u u l

Kukula Zinthu

Malo: Mitundu yambiri imafuna malo dzuwa. Masamba omatira amaphatikizidwa ndi mthunzi wocheperako. Mitundu yambiri ndi yolekerera chilala.

Dothi: Dothi labwino kwambiri kwa iwo ndi louma, lolemera la laimu, lambiri, osati lowala. Salvia wosangalatsa amakula bwino pamtunda wonyowa komanso wonyowa, ndikutuluka kwa salvia - pamatupi achonde komanso otayirira, ponyowa komanso ma blooms olemera mofooka. Nkhalango ya Salvia pa dothi lolemera komanso yotaya mphamvu.

Chisamaliro: mutamaliza kutulutsa maluwa, dulani kaye nkhalango zonse, kenako mbewuyo imaphuka kumapeto kwa chirimwe. Feteleza feteleza kumathandizanso kuti maluwa achiwiri azikhala. Fupikitsani mchere wa 2: 3, pomwepo mbewuyo izikhala yolimba. Njira zimachotsa.

Kuswana

Mitundu ya pachaka komanso yamitundu yambiri ya salvia imafesedwa ndi mbewu, yomwe yofesedwa masika ndi nthawi yozizira. Kubzala mbewu za salvia zofesedwa mu February - koyambirira kwa Marichi m'mabokosi. Kuwombera nthawi zambiri kumawonekera pa tsiku la 10th. Mbande imadumphira pansi kawiri. Kuti mupeze mbande yolimba, kukankha kwachiwiri kumachitika m'miphika ya 9 cm. Mwezi wa Epulo, amatengedwa kupita nawo ku malo osungira mitengo kuti akalimbikitse. Amabzyala pamalo okhazikika kumayambiriro kwa Juni, kumapeto kwa masika masentimita, kusungitsa mtunda pakati pa mbewu 20 cm 20. Mbewu zolimba zimalekerera kupandukira bwino.

Mitundu yosatha yomwe imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, tsinde kudula komanso kugawa chitsamba. Kuyambika bwino kumachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Ndibwino kuti mukubzala kumene m'nthawi yoyamba yozizira kumafuna pogona.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera zokongoletsera

Masheji ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polima malo. Sage yanzeru imakhala yabwino kwambiri pamanyimbo, kuchotsera, mabedi amaluwa. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi ma compact ndizabwino kumera pamakhonde, m'miphika, pamaluwa amaluwa ndi muli. Nthawi zambiri, mtunduwu umabzalidwa mosakanizika, komabe, umayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mitundu yosakanikirana, chifukwa imakupatsani mwayi wowoneka bwino womwe umakongoletsa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Saiti ya ku Itiyopiya ndiyoyenera kubzala m'magulu pamiyala: miyala ikuluikulu yamasamba a pubescent ndi okongola modabwitsa mu chaka choyamba cha masamba, komanso inflorescence yayikulu yachiwiri. Maseti ofiira owala, ofiira, obiriwira, owimbira, omata, oyenda komanso oak ali bwino m'malo osakanikirana ndi magulu. Ma inflorescence awo otayirira samapereka malo owala, komabe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto wofiirira ndi wamtambo, yayikulu, yokongola, kugwirizanitsa bwino ndi zipatso zina zakale kumapangitsa mitundu iyi kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pazinthu zachilengedwe.

Chingwe cholumikizira - tsamba la dandelion ndi tchire la Yurisich - loyang'ana kwambiri kutsogolo kwa mixborder, mutha kuwalimbikitsa pazingwe. Sage samakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudula, komabe, sagey ufa ndi wabwino kwambiri. Makongoletsedwe ake amdima okongola amtunduwu amasungirabe kukongoletsa kwawo m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zouma ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri pazisumbu zachisanu. Mu nyimbo zouma, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito sage wonyezimira (kalasi ya Purple Rhine ndi makapu ofiirira) ndi tchire lobiriwira. Nsonga za mphukira zakumapeto zimapukutidwa mchenga, pomwe mtundu wowoneka bwino wa violet kapena wowala wa pinki umasungidwa kwathunthu.

Wojambulidwa kuchokera ku Salvius. © Gary R. Bachman

Mitundu

Zokongoletsa

Nkhalango ya Salvia (Salvia sylvestris) - chomera chokongoletsa chosagwira. Amaluwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndi maluwa abuluu komanso ofiirira amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kutengera mitundu iyi, mitundu yambiri ndi ma hybrids adapangidwa: Blauhugel, Mainacht, Lye End, Viola Klose, Rhapsody ku Blue - wokhala ndi maluwa abuluu, Rose Queen - wokhala ndi maluwa apinki, Schneehogel - wokhala ndi maluwa oyera.

Salvia Forest 'Mainacht'. © Cillas

Salvia lavender, wopendekera pang'ono, kapena Spanish (Salvia lavandulifolia) - Chomera chokongoletsera chokha chomwe chili ndi masamba azomera ndi maluwa osalala a Meyi-June. Ntchito kuphika. Zimauma.

Salvia oak (Salvia nemorosa) - Chomera chosazizira chosagwira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa a violet (Caradonna, Marcus, Ostfriesland) ndi pinki (Plumosa, Rose Wine, Schwellenburg) amadziwika.

Salvia ndi thundu. © Jerzy Opiola

Salvia Meadow (Salvia pratensis) - wokhala ndi maluwa ofiirira, a pinki (a Lapis Lazuli) kapena oyera (a Swan Lake) mu theka loyamba la chilimwe. Mitundu yamagulu a Haematode amadziwika.

Salvia anakuwaSalvia verticulata) - Chomera chokongoletsera komanso chopanda kuzizira bwino chomwe chili ndi maluwa owala ofiirira. Maluwa kuyambira Julayi mpaka m'dzinja. Mitundu yodziwika ndi Mvula ya Purple, komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa Alba wokhala ndi maluwa oyera.

Meaty Salvia (Salvia farinacea) - chomera chokongoletsera cha thermophilic, chamaluwa osangalatsa kuyambira chilimwe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Maluwa ndi amtambo wowala. Zosiyanasiyana Victoria zimadziwika. M'madera ozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kukula ngati pachaka.

Salvia wofiira (Salvia coccinea) - chomera cha thermophilic biennial chochokera ku South America, chimakonda kutentha ndi dothi lonyowa. Amaluwa kumapeto kwa chirimwe - m'dzinja la maluwa oyera, ofiira kapena ofiira. Zosiyanasiyana zamitundu yofiira ndizofala kwambiri pachikhalidwe: Lady in Red, Forest Fire.

Salvia wocheperako, kapena mbeya (Salvia microphylla) - Chitsamba chokongola cha thermophilic chochokera ku Mexico. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amasiya kununkhira kwa zakuda zakuda, ngati kuzikiririka m'manja. Maluwa ofiira owoneka bwino pamtengowo pakati pa chilimwe, maluwa akutumphukira mpaka chisanu woyamba.

Salvia discolored (Salvia discolour) - chomera choyambirira chochokera ku Mexico. Maluwa akuda bii amabisala theka m'mbale zasiliva.

Salvia wonyezimira, wanzeru (Salvia ukuwala) - Malo otchuka kwambiri ku Russia, amakula pachaka. Amamasuka kuyambira Juni mpaka chisanu, mtundu - kuchokera pa lalanje-kufiyira mpaka utoto wofiirira. Amakonza bwino dothi lonyowa.

Mitundu yamankhwala ndi zonunkhira

Salvia officinalis (Salvia officinalis) - chomera chomera ndi zonunkhira. Amabwera kuchokera ku dera la Mediterranean ndi ku Balkan. Chitsamba chosakhazikika nthawi yachisanu chokhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino ndi maluwa abuluu. Pali mitundu yolephera kuzizira yokhala ndi burgundy wobiriwira (Purpurascens), msipu wobiriwira (Aurea), zonona za burgundy zobiriwira (Tricolor) ndi masamba achikasu obiriwira (Icterina).

Chiwongola dzanja (Salvia elegans) - chomera chachitali (mpaka 1 m) chokhala ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira omwe amawoneka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Mukapukuta masamba a zasesi izi, mudzamva fungo labwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, mwachitsanzo, muma saladi azipatso. Mitundu yodziwika: Pinapple ya Scarlet (yokhala ndi fungo la chinanazi), Tangerine Sage (wokhala ndi fungo la mandarin).

Pindulani

Sage ndi yofunikira makamaka kwa thupi lachikazi, popeza imakhala ndi ma phytohormones achikazi. Sage imachita frigidity ndipo imakhala ndi zabwino zotsutsana ndi ukalamba. M'masiku akale, kulowetsedwa kwa masamba otsetsereka ndi msuzi kunaperekedwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi vuto losabereka, chifukwa kumalimbitsa makhoma a chiberekero ndipo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale bwino. Zimathandizira kuchepetsa mantha pa nthawi ya kusamba. Imathandizira nthawi ya matenda ambiri a m'mimba otupa.