Blehnumy, kapena Derbyanki - ferns pachikhalidwe chake ndiwopanda phindu. Samalola kuzizira kapena kusanja. Amafuna chinyezi chambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo samachita bwino kupopera. Ndikofunika kukulitsa ma blhnums pa "windo lotentha." Masamba ali ngati "chipewa" cha masamba a kanjedza. M'malingaliro akale, thunthu limawoneka bwino pansi. Werengani za zomwe zikukula pang'onopang'ono pankhaniyi.
Blechnum humpback, kapena Derbyanka humpback (Blechnum gibbum).
Derbyanka - Kafukufuku wa Botanical
Ndodo Derbyanka, kapena Blehnum (Blechnum) atenga pafupifupi mitundu 140 ya ma fern a banja la a Derbyankov (Blechnaceae), yogawidwa kwambiri kumadera otentha komanso madera otentha. Mu nyengo zachilengedwe ku Russia, mtundu umodzi wa derbyanki umakula - spiny derbyanka, kapena Blehnum spiny (Blechnum spicant).
Mwachilengedwe, derbyanka ndi chomera chachikulu, chokhala ngati kanjedza chomwe nthambi zake zimafikira 1 mita kutalika. Pesi la fern ndi nthano yosinthika, mu mbewu zakale zamkati zimafikira kutalika pafupifupi 50 cm, wokutidwa ndi mamba a bulauni. Nthambi zake nthawi zina zimatulutsidwa pakati pa 50-60 masentimita, zobiriwira. Sporangia pamphepete mwa tsamba, pafupi m'mphepete mwa zigawo.
Mitundu ya Blackheads
M'nyumba zamkati, mitundu yotsatirayi ya derbyanka imakonda kupezeka:
- Blechnum humpback, kapena Derbyanka humpbacked (Blechnum gibbum) Imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira osakhala ndi petioles. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamaluwa amkati mwa maluwa.
- Blechnum waku Brazil, kapena Derbyanka Brazil (Blechnum brasilense) Ili ndi masamba obiriwira ambiri azitona.
- Blehnum Moore, kapena Derbyanka Moore (Blechnum moorei) Khungwa laling'ono lalitali 30 cm, masamba owoneka ngati masamba pang'ono, pomwe masamba akeawo ndi obiriwira komanso owala.
- Blechnum serratus, kapena Serbyanka serrate (Blechnum serrulatum), cholinganiza ndi Blehnum Indian, Derbyanka Indian (Blechnum chizindikiro).
Zofunikira pakulima kwa blehnum
Kuwala: malowa ayenera kuti asinthidwe kuchokera ku dzuwa lowala - i.e. kuwala kosasunthika kapena mawonekedwe pang'ono pang'ono. Blechnum ndi mbewu yoleketsa mthunzi, imalimbikitsidwa kuyiyika kumpoto kapena kumadzulo kwa mawindo, komanso kumbuyo kwa chipindacho. Dzuwa lolunjika limatha kuvulaza mbewu.
Kuthirira: Ndi madzi ofunda okhazikika opanda mandimu. Kuthilira mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe ndizambiri, nthawi yozizira imakhala yochepa, koma nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Kuyanika komanso chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka ndizovulanso chifukwa cha blehnum. Ndikofunika kuti musathirire chomera chaching'onocho kuchokera pamtunda, koma ndikuthira m'madzi ndi mphika, ndikusiya kwa mphindi 1-2. Zitachitika izi, madzi owonjezera ayenera kuloledwa kukhetsa.
Chinyezi cha mpweyaMonga ferns yambiri, Blehnum amakonda mpweya wonyowa, koma kupopera mbewu kumatha kuwononga masamba. Chifukwa chake, miphika yokhala ndi mbeu imayikidwa pamatayala ndi dothi lonyowa. M'nyengo yozizira, mabatire amapachikidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa.
Thirani: Thirani ikuchitika mu kasupe, pamene mizu imadzaza mphika wonse. Dothi liyenera kukhala ndi acidic reaction. Blechnum imabzalidwa munthaka yoyenera ma fern ambiri. Monga lamulo, imakhala ndi magawo awiri a peat land, 2 mbali za humus, 1 mbali yodulidwa ya moss ndi 1 gawo la mchenga. Chomera chimadzalidwa pomwe chimakula, chikadzaza mumphika. Masiku awiri asanaikuliridwe, fern iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi.
Mavalidwe apamwamba: M'chilimwe, feteleza wamadzimadzi munyumba zam'madzi zowerengeka sabata iliyonse iliyonse. Blehnum imakonda kwambiri feteleza wopitilira muyeso, motero, mankhwalawo amayenera kumwedwa kawiri kuposa momwe wopangira amapangira. Kugwa kwa dzinja - popanda kuvala pamwamba.
Kudulira: safuna.
Kutentha: yabwino kwambiri pakukula kwa ferns - 18-22 ° ะก. Kutentha kwambiri kungapangitse mbewuyo kutentha kutentha. Blechnum iyenera kutetezedwa ku zolemba.
Blechnum Moore, kapena Derbyanka Moore (Blechnum moorei).
Kufalikira kwa zakuda
Derbyki imafalitsidwa ndi spores komanso kugawa kwa ma rhizomes. Mukaziika, ma rhizomes amagawika magawo okhala ndi mpeni wakuthwa, malo omwe amadulawo amasesedwa ndi makala ophwanyika, gawo lirilonse limabzalidwa mumphika wina. Samalani ndi chiwerengero cha kukula. Ngati pali gawo limodzi la kukula kapena ochepa pang'onopang'ono, ndiye kuti simungathe kugawa mbewu, izi zitha kufa. Zomera zazing'ono zitatha kugawanika sizimayamba kukula msanga.
Mutha kuyesa kufalitsa mbewuzo kuchokera ku masamba omwe amapangidwa pansi pamasamba. Zofesedwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, koposa zonse mu nazale yotenthetsedwa kuchokera pansi, komwe kutentha kwa 21 ° C kumasungidwa. Dulani tsamba la chomera ndikudula zokhazokha pamapepala. Thirani mu nazale ndi dambo komanso dothi lenileni la kufesa mbewu. Thirani dothi bwino ndikufalitsa spores monga momwe mungathere. Valani nazale ndigalasi ndikuyiyika pamalo amdima, otentha.
Tsiku lililonse, chotsani kapu mwachidule kuti mupeze mpweya wabwino, koma dziko lapansi lisaume. Nazale iyenera kuyikidwa mumdima mpaka mbewu zitawonekera (izi zichitika pakatha milungu 4-12). Kenako ndikusunthira kumalo owala ndikuchotsa galasi. Zomera zikakula, ziwume, kusiya zolimba kwambiri patali ndi 2,5 cm kuchokera kwa wina. Malingaliro achichepere omwe amapanga bwino atatha kupatulira amathanso kuwaika m'miphika ndi dothi la peaty - mbewu 2-3 iliyonse.
Blechnum humpback, kapena Derbyanka humpback (Blechnum gibbum).
Matenda a derbyanki, kapena blehnumov
Masamba amatembenuka chikasu, mawonekedwe a bulauni amawoneka - amatanthauza kuti kutentha kwa chipindacho ndikokwera kwambiri (pamwambapa 25 ° C), komwe sikofunikira kwa ferns. Chifukwa chake chitha kukhala kusasamba kapena kusakwanira kuthirira komanso kupopera mankhwala pafupipafupi.
Masamba amasanduka achikasu, mbewuyo imakula bwino - Chinyezi chochepa kwambiri mchipindamo, kuyandikira kwa kutentha kwake, zizindikiro zofananira zitha kuonedwa ngati mbewuyo yabzalidwa m'nthaka lolemera kwambiri kapena mumphika wambiri.
Masamba anazimiririka, akuwoneka bwino, owopsa - Kuwala kwambiri dzuwa.
Masamba ndi otuwa kapena otuwa, malekezero amasanduka achikasu kapena a bulauni, mmera sukula kapena kukula bwino - kusowa kwa zakudya, phula laling'ono kwambiri kapena lalikulu kwambiri.
Masamba amatha kutembenukira chikasu, bulauni, kupindika ndi kugwa, masamba ang'onoang'ono amafota ndikufa - kutentha kwambiri m'chipindacho, kuchoka pakayendedwe kuzizira, kuthilira ndi madzi ozizira, pamene mukuthilira ndi madzi olimba kapena otentha.
Blechnum spiny, kapena Derbyanka spiny (Blechnum spicant).
Palibe amene amati ferns ndiyosavuta kubzala, koma ndizochita zonse, chachikulu ndichakuti chimagwira. Ngakhale ndizopanda pake, chotulukapo chake ndichabwino!
