Alyssum (alyssum) ndi mbewu yosatha (ena amagwiritsa ntchito ngati pachaka) yomwe imatha kukongoletsa malo otetezedwa, khonde, munda ndi masamba. Yoyenera kubzala poyera, ndi miphika, kuti apange kutulutsa kowoneka bwino kosiyanasiyana.
Zambiri
Duwa lokongola liziwoneka pamawindo ndi pamakhonde, likudutsa nyumba zazitali. Ali ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana. Aliyense akhoza kusankha ku kukoma kwawo. Kutalika kwake, kumafikira 0,4 m, maluwa ambiri, ndi ang'ono ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa burashi.
M'mundamo ndi chokongola kwambiri kuwabzala ndi maluwa ozungulira kapena ozungulira maluwa, pangani nyimbo ngati njira yosinthira yosintha kuchoka pamitundu yayitali kuti ikhale yofiyira. Limamasula mu Meyi ndipo limakondweretsa diso mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Ali ndi fungo lolimba la uchi.
Zonunkhira kwambiri zimawoneka zoyera, chifukwa chake zimabzalidwe bwino m'mapaki, mabwalo ndi mabedi amumzindawo, chifukwa fungo limafalikira mtunda wautali.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya alissum
Alyssum osatha kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, koma mpaka kutentha kwa chizindikiro chotsika kuposa - 15 ° C. Ngati nyengo yotentha imakhala yofewa, ndiye kuti chitsamba chimasamba mosavuta, ngati mumawaza ndi masamba owuma, ndikuphwanya ndi chipale chofewa ngati chipale chofewa. Kudulira alissum musanafike chisanu osavomerezeka, zokwanira zomwe zidachitika maluwa, koma mchaka, onetsetsani.
Alyssum ndi miyala nthambi yosatha, mpaka 0,3 m.Mimba umamera mu mawonekedwe a hemisphere wokhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 0.4 m. Masamba pachitsamba amasungidwa ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Limamasula ndi maluwa achikasu omwe amatumphuka m'mabowo onenepa.
Pali mitundu yake:
- "Citrinum"- mandimu achikasu alissum, wodabwitsa.
- "Compactum"- onunkhira kwambiri, okwera 18cm okha ndi inflorescences yaying'ono.
- "Golide"- wotsika, limamasula zaka ziwiri zokha mutabzala ndi maluwa achikasu.
- "Plenum"- chitsamba chodabwitsa kwambiri chomwe chili ndi maluwa awiri. Chimafikira kutalika kwa 0,4 m.
Nyanja ya Alissum Mtunduwu umangokulira m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Amakula kuyambira 8 mpaka 40 cm, nthambi zimamera, zimafalikira pansi, ndikupanga zitsamba zosachedwa kutentha ndi inflorescence yaying'ono yowala. Kuthengo, zoyera ndi zoyera za lilac zokha zamtunduwu zomwe zimapezeka, koma mitundu yambiri ya mithunzi imachokera, zopangidwa ndi maluwa, zomwe zimayambira kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Mitundu yotsatirayi imasiyanitsidwa:
- "Tyneey nthawi"- chomera chaching'ono chofunda, chotalika masentimita 8. Chimaphuka kwambiri kotero kuti masamba osawoneka pa tsinde. Mutha kuyeserera mosamala ndikuphatikiza ndi tchire zazitali. Palibe malire nthano chabe.
- "Esther Bonnet Deep kusunsa Rose"- Amaluwa kwambiri, ndi maluwa okongola a pinki. Amakonda dothi lonyowa. Ngati pali chinyezi chambiri, ndiye kuti chovunda, ngati sichikwanira, chimasiya kutulutsa.
- "Wonderland Blue"- yaying'ono ndi inflorescence yaying'ono yofiirira. Imakonda nthaka yoyesedwa bwino. Kutalika kwa 8-10cm, m'lifupi mpaka 30cm.
Phiri la Alissum chisanu osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi masentimita makumi awiri wobzalidwa kwambiri ndi maluwa achikasu.
Nyanja ya Alissum Ndi pachaka, imakhala ndi maluwa oyera ndipo imayambira 10-15cm kutalika. Photophilous, chisanu ndi chilala zosagwira, koma yotentha kwambiri, zimafuna chinyezi. Ngati mulibe feteleza wokwanira m'nthaka, ndiye kuti feteleza angafunike. Kupanda kutero, maluwa ambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa ndi mitundu ya alissum, palinso ena. Opanga amabala mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso zodabwitsazi.
Kubzala kwa Alyssum kunja ndi chisamaliro
Ntchito yayikulu yochita kumapeto kwa Meyi. Dera lowala bwino lomwe lili ndi dothi lokwanira, louma komanso lopanda madzi osankhidwa, lomwe limayenera kukhala ndi manyowa. Alissum limamasuka pafupi ndi miyala yolusa (ikhoza kukhala njira yamiyala m'mundamo, kapena matailosi okongoletsa ozungulira bedi la maluwa, chilichonse) ndi mbale.
Mukabzala maluwa poyera, makulidwe ake amakumbukiridwa, chifukwa chake muyenera kukhala mtunda wa pafupifupi 40 cm pakati pa chitsamba chilichonse. Mabowo akhale okulirapo pang'ono kuposa kukula kwa chizimba, kotero kuti chimakhala momasuka m'dzenjemo. Mutabzala, mmera umathiriridwa madzi ambiri.
Kuthirira alissum
Kusamalira alissum kumakhala madzi okwanira ambiri, koma nthaka yoyesedwa bwino, apo ayi, ngati madziwo atakhala nthawi yayitali m'mizu, chomera chimatha, ndipo pakakhala chilala, m'malo mwake, maluwa amafota ndikugwa popanda madzi.
Mukufuna malire, ndiye kuti mumadziwa bwanji nthawi yoyenera? Kuti muchite izi, ndikokwanira kukumba pansi ndi fosholo 4-5 cm, ngati kuli kouma pamenepo - muyenera kuthirira.
Kudyetsa Alissum
Kuti mukule bwino komanso maluwa, musaiwale za feteleza. Zomera zosatha zimapatsidwa maluwa, ndipo alissum yapachaka, kuti musangalale ndi maluwa ake kangapo, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zovala zapamwamba.
Kudulira kwa Alissum
Zambiri mwazofunikira pakukula bwino ndi maluwa ndikudulira. Kuchokera ku tchire losatha, maluwa achaka chatha, masamba owoneka ndi masamba osowa amachotsedwa mu nthawi yamasika.
M'chilimwe, maluwa akaleka, njirayi imabwerezedwanso, kuphatikiza, mphukira imadulidwa mpaka 8-10 cm, yomwe imalimbikitsa maluwa mobwerezabwereza. Kuphatikizanso apo, imatsitsimutsa kuoneka bwino ngati chitsamba, chifukwa chilimwe chonsecho alissum yakula. Sakufuna kumuyika. Imakula bwino m'malo amodzi kwa zaka zingapo.
Kulima mbewu ya Alyssum
Pali njira ziwiri zokulitsira mbewu za alissum: mbande komanso popanda mbande.
Kubzala poyera kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, ndikamiza mbewuzo mwakuya kosaposa masentimita 2. Pambuyo zikamera, mbande ziyenera kuyitanidwa. Zomera zobzalidwa mwanjira imeneyi zimaphukira mochedwa. Mutha kubzala mu Novembala, nthawi yachisanu mphukira zidzasankhidwa mwachilengedwe ndipo zolimba zidzaphukira nthawi.
Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito yachiwiri, mmera, kenako musanafese, nthaka yosalala yodzala ndi feteleza imasankhidwa, ndikuyika mabokosi ambewu, mbewu zimabalalika pamwamba pake ndikuwazidwa pamwamba ndi dothi lomweli.
Pambuyo pake, zinthu zobiriwira zimapangidwa (kuphimba ndi zojambulazo) ndikuyika malo owuma, otentha komanso opepuka. Kutentha kwa chipinda kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 10-15 ° C. Kuwombera kumawonekera pakatha sabata.
Kutulutsa mbewu za Alissum
Ponena za chopereka cha mbewu, chimachitika kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Kuti muchite izi, pansi pa chitsamba kufalitsa mtengowo (kapena chivundikiro) ndikupukutira ma inflorescence m'manja. Zotsatira zake, mbewu zimapezeka (zinyalala zimachotsedwa). Ngati mwachedwa ndi chopereka, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimagwa, koma zimatha kuzimiririka pansi pa tchire ndi tsache ndikutsukidwa pansi ndi zinyalala zina.
Kufalikira kwa alissum ndi kudula
Gawoli la chitsamba, iyi ndi imodzi mwamitundu yobala. Zimasiyananso chifukwa zimangolola mwayi wokweza chitsamba cholemera, komanso ndikutsimikizirani kupulumuka 100, popeza zodulidwazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi tchire labwinobwino la zaka zapakati (mwachitsanzo, patatha zaka ziwiri). Kubzala pansi sikusiyana ndi mbande.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
- Tizilombo ta Cruciferous ndiyowopsa kwambiri kuzilombo zonse pazomera izi, chifukwa nkovuta kuzichotsa. Njira yosavuta yothanirana ndi tiziromboti ndi kuthira chitsamba ndi yankho la 1 tbsp. supuni ya viniga ndi 10 malita a madzi. Malinga ndi chitsamba chachikulire. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo osavomerezeka, chifukwa cha zomwe zingachitike (kusowa kwa maluwa, kutayika kwa masamba owala, ndi zina zambiri).
- Vuto lina la mbozi ndi mbozi.
- Ndikakukoka kwadothi kosasunthika ndimadzi osasunthika madzi, zowola zofiirira zimayamba - uwu ndi matenda omwe amakhudza mizu ya duwa. Kuphatikiza apo, pali chiopsezo chotenga matenda a alissum ndi ma virus mosaic kapena powdery mildew.
Mukatsatira malangizo onse, ndiye kuti mbewu iyi imakhala yathanzi ndikukondweretsa diso chaka ndi chaka.
