Chimodzi mwazomera zazikulu kwambiri zam'munda, galtonium imagunda poyamba kuwonekera. Ma inflorescence apadera omwe amakhala ndi mabelu osasunthika amapanga mtambo wokongola pamwamba pamasamba amdima, ndikuwonetsa kukongola uku kuchokera kumbali iliyonse ndikukopa maso kumalo omwe mumawakonda. Galtonia amadziwika kuti ndi lotseguka. Ndipo mawonekedwe ake pamasamba ogulitsa maluwa anali osangalatsa. Kukula haltonia monga chomera chanyumba ndilovuta kwambiri kuposa babu lina lililonse. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kumamupatsa nthawi yokhayo yopumira komanso chidwi chochepa.
Kukula haltonia monga chomera chanyumba ndilovuta kwambiri kuposa babu lina lililonse.
Indoor Cape Hyacinth - kufotokozera
Pakati pa mababu amkati m'zaka zaposachedwa pakhala kulumpha kwakukulu pakutchuka. Zomera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zimalimidwa m'minda ndi kuphukira, zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza mitundu yomwe imatha kukhala chowonekera mkati. Mwa zatsopano zaposachedwa, galtonia imakopa chidwi chapadera - chomera chachikulu chachikulu chokhala ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri komanso ochulukitsa.
Genus Galtonia ndi membala wa banja lalikulu komanso losiyanasiyana la Lilein. Mwachilengedwe, izi zowoneka bwino zimapatsa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe ake ochititsa chidwi pakukula kwa South Africa. Kulemekeza m'modzi mwa asayansi otchuka omwe anadzipereka moyo wake wonse kuti aphunzire zam'madzi zakutchire kumwera kwa Africa - Francis Galton - chikhalidwe ichi chidatchedwa dzina. Ngakhale padziko lonse lapansi dzina lake limatchuka kwambiri - Cape hyacinth ndi hyacinth ya ku Africa, zomwe zimapereka chiyambi ndi mtundu wa maluwa.
Galtonia (Galtonia) - osatha. Anyezi pawokha mu galtonies ndi apadera kale - zovala zamkati, zazikulu, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwapadera komanso mizu yamphamvu yazinthu. Choyimba chopindika, chokhala ndi pansi mwamphamvu, chopindika cha haltonia m'mimba mwake chimakula mpaka 7cm ndipo chimakutidwa ndi mamba owuma.
Kutalika kwa mbewu zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe chamaluwa kumasiyana kuchokera pa theka la mita mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka, koma m'chipinda cha galtonia palinso ma soloists ophatikiza kwambiri omwe ali ndi kutalika kwakukulu pafupifupi masentimita 50. Inde, kutalika kotereku ndi chikhalidwe cha chomera pamtunda wa maluwa, chifukwa kubiriwira kwa galtonia sikosangalatsa monga maluwa ake.
Makalabu a Haltonia amatulutsa maluwa okongola a masamba obiriwira. Olimba, opindika, amtundu, amagonjetsa ndi mthunzi wowoneka bwino wamtambo wobiriwira ndipo ngakhale sangathe kudzitamandira ndi kukula kwakukulu, amapanga maziko abwino nthawi ya maluwa, ndikupangitsa chomera chonse kukhala chokongola.
M'mundamo, masamba a galtonia amatambasulidwa pafupifupi mita kutalika kwake ndi 8 cm, mzipinda ndi zazifupi komanso zochepa, komabe amawoneka okongola. Galtonia, mosiyana ndi ena ochulukitsa, samawoneka ngati chozizwitsa, champhamvu kwambiri. Masamba 4-6 okha amawoneka okongola, kwinaku akumakumbukira za hyacinth. Zomera zamtchire ndizabwino kuti ziziwonedwa ngati zokongoletsera zipinda.
Maluwa a galtonia
M'mabrashi amtundu wapadera, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala mbali imodzi, maluwa otuwa samakhala osagwirizana kwambiri. Mawotchi okongola, kutalika kwake ndi kutalika kwa 3 maluwa, amangogogomezera kukongola kwa duwa lililonse komanso kukongola kwa inflorescence yonse. Kutalika kwa maluwa otsekemera a galtonia kumatha kukula mpaka masentimita 5 mpaka 6 ndi theka.
Perianth ndi yapamwamba kwambiri, yokhala ndi ma lanceolate-ovate molowera. Mukayang'anitsitsa, zikuwoneka kuti malo okhala kunja nthawi zonse amakhala aafupi kuposa omwe ali mkati. Mu mabulashi a galtonia ndizokumbukira pang'ono za maluwa a m'chigwa ndi mabelu. Mabelu otambalala a maluwa nthawi zonse amapaka utoto, koma pa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a corolla, munthu amatha kuganizira za kusewera kirimu ndi mitundu yofewa yobiriwira, yomwe imawoneka mosiyanasiyana maluwa atatseguka. Mosiyana ndi omwe akupikisana nawo, ma haltonia samataya maluwa; pambuyo maluwa, amakhalabe mu inflorescence.
Nthawi yamaluwa ya haltonia ndi yachikhalidwe mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala. M'malo mchipinda sichisinthidwa kawirikawiri, kumakonda kusungira mayendedwe achilengedwe. Koma ngati angafune, haltonia akhoza kuthamangitsidwa nthawi iliyonse, kusintha nthawi yopuma.
Mtengowu umabala zipatso zambiri, ngakhale atakhala mchipinda nthawi zambiri samalola kuti mabokosi a zipatso ndi zipatso atchuke kwambiri, kuchotsera kale. Ngati mukufuna kufalitsa mbewu za haltonia, zimatengedwa kuchokera ku mbewu zaminda. Mbewu za chomera ndizoterera, pafupifupi zopindika zitatu, zakuda, zoterera, zimapangidwa zochuluka.
Nthawi yamaluwa ya haltonia ndi yachikhalidwe mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala.
Mitundu ya mkati haltonia
Mtundu wa galtonium sungathe kudzitama wamitundu mitundu. Mitundu 4 yokhayo yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera, palibe mwayi wokwanira woti musankhe nokha, Cape hyacinth yomwe mumakonda. Mitundu yokhayo yomwe imakulidwa panthaka komanso chikhalidwe cham'nyumba imatha kuzindikirika mosavuta ndi maluwa, koma pali zambiri zomwe zimapezeka mu mitundu yonse ya haltonia kuposa kusiyana.
Maluwa obiriwira a Galtonia (Galtonia viridiflora) ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda kutentha, chomwe mu chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chimafuna nyengo yachisanu kunja kwa dothi, ndipo chipinda chimawonetsa kukongola kwake kwenikweni. Ndi galtonia uyu yemwe amawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha mtundu wonse wa Cape hyacinths. Ndi kutalika pafupifupi pafupifupi 50 masentimita, imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamphamvu, yosasunthika, koma nthawi imodzimodzi yokongola.
Ma inflorescence a maluwa a 10-15 amawoneka okongola komanso amakula nthawi imodzi. Mtundu wa emaroni wa mtunduwo suwonetsedwa nthawi zonse, koma kuwala kwa mtundu wobiriwira, ngati kuti kumera kumapeto kwa miyala, kumapangitsa chomera ichi kukhala chapadera. Koma kwa masamba ndi maudzu azinthu zamtunduwu, ndizowona kuti mtundu wamtchire wamtchire wozizira ndi wachilengedwe.
Kuyeretsa galtonia malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa wotumizidwa ku genn Ornithogalum ndi dzina lodziwika la chomera - mlimi wa nkhuku kapena ornithogalum yoyera (Ornithogalum candicans, zofananira Galtonia candicans) Koma izi sizisiya kusiya kuzigulitsanso monga yoyera yoyera ya Cape. Amasiyana kwambiri ndi alimi a nkhuku, omwe ndiofala kwa ife, ndipo dzinalo limakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabuku. Ili ndi mtundu wokulirapo, wokula mu chipinda momwe amasankhira mitundu yosiyanitsidwa bwino komanso yaying'ono, komanso mosiyana ndi mtundu wa maluwa.
Galtonia wokhala ndi maluwa obiriwira (Galtonia viridiflora).
Kuyera Galtonia (Galtonia candicans).
Zofunikira kukula mkati mwa haltonia
Malinga ndikuwala ndi kutentha kofunikira, haltonium ndi bulb wamba wamkati. Amakonda kuwala kosunthika, penapake kopatsa mthunzi koposa mpikisano wake. Kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa magawo apumulidwe ndi kukula kwachangu ndikofunika kwambiri pakumera.
Zowunikira ndi kuyikidwa mkati
Mosiyana ndi mababu ambiri amkati, haltonia, ngakhale mkati mwanyumba, amatha kupirira kuyimitsidwa. Chomerachi chimakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malo owala pafupi ndi mawindo, kuwonetsera pazovala kapena matebulo ngati phwando.
Kuwala kosasinthika kwa Cape hyacinth ndikofunikira, kuyatsa kwamadzulo masana kumatha kusiya kuyaka pamasamba ndi maluwa. Mlingo wa shading umasankhidwa mongoyesa. Mawindo akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo amawonedwa ngati abwino pamtengowo.
Panthawi yopuma, haltonia imasungidwa pamthunzi. Pambuyo pakuphuka kwa matumphu ndikusinthira kutentha, zotengera zimakhala zophimbidwa ndi zisoti kapena kuyikidwa pamalo amthunzi, kupewa kupendekeka kwakukulu ndi kuwunikira kowala mpaka mphukira zitakula (makamaka chifukwa cha inflorescence yayikulu ndikwabwino kudikira mpaka mivi yamaluwa ya hyacinths ifike 10-12 cm) . Pambuyo pa izi, haltonia imasunthidwa ndikuwala wamba.
Kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino
Panthawi yamaluwa ndi kukula kwamasamba, galtonium imakonda malo otentha otentha. Sizodziwikiratu kuti kutentha kochokera madigiri 16 mpaka 18, ofanana ndi kutentha kwa kukakamiza kwa ma hyacinths, amawonedwa kuti ndi abwino kupitilira maluwa ambiri. Koma haltonia amatha kuzolowera kutentha kwa chipinda.
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu kwa haltonium kumayenera kuchitika pamikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri pazonse - pakumazizira komanso kowuma. Indoor haltonias sichiyenera kutulutsidwa pansi, ndizosavuta kuti mababu awume. Zomera zitangomaliza kupukuta kwathunthu zimasamutsidwa m'chipinda chomwe kutentha kwa madigiri 8 mpaka 12 Celsius kumachepera madigiri 4-5. M'mikhalidwe yotere, haltonium imasungidwa mpaka kumera, pambuyo pake imasunthidwa kukhala malo otentha.
Mnyumba haltonias sachita mantha ndi zolemba, koma kukonzekera kungakhudze kutalika ndi mtundu wa maluwa. Chifukwa chake, mikhalidwe ya babu iyi ndiyabwinoko kuti ikhale yokhazikika.
Panthawi yamaluwa ndi kukula kwamasamba, galtonium imakonda malo otentha otentha.
Kusamalira Galtonia Kunyumba
Ngakhale chikhalidwe champhamvu kwambiri chomwe sichisowa pachikhalidwe chamkati, haltonium imadabwitsa mosamalitsa. Njira zapafupipafupi ndizofunikira kwa mbewu pokhapokha nthawi yogwira komanso kukula. Kwa babu iyi, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi kuthirira, koma apo ayi sizingabweretse zovuta. Galtonia ikhoza kuvomerezedwa kwa iwo omwe amakonda kukakamiza maluwa ndi kukula kwa babu ndipo akudziwa kale zomera zazomera zaziphatikizo.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Haltonias mumphika wachikhalidwe amawopa kwambiri kufewetsa. Ngakhale dothi lotseguka, kuthilira kwamadzi kumawapha, ndipo mzipinda, haltonia amatha kuvutika ngakhale atasefukira kamodzi. Chomera chimathiriridwa bwino, ndikuonetsetsa kuti dothi lawuma pakati pa njirazo ndi theka. Ndikwabwino kuthilira maulendo angapo, pang'onopang'ono komanso mosalala nthaka.
Haltonias itha kukhala yodzala ndi madzi othirira okha kapena kuthirira pang'ono ngati madzi abwino atayikidwa, koma kuthilira koyambirira kumathanso kuthiridwa ngati kumachitika m'mphepete mwa mphika osatulutsa mababu kapena masamba, kupewa kuthana ndi mbewu mwachindunji. Chomera sichimawopa chilala, kupatula gawo la kukula kwa peduncle ndi budding.
Ndikumaliza maluwa ndi kuyamba kuyanika masamba, kuthilira kumachepetsedwa, chifukwa pouma kwathunthu pofika nthawi yomwe amadyera afota. Mumalowedwe owuma, haltonium imakhala m'chilimwe, isanachitike, ndikusintha. Kutsirira kumayambiridwanso osati pang'ono, koma pang'onopang'ono, ndikuyamba kwa kukula kwa mphukira, kubweretsa chinyezi pamlingo wokhazikika pokhapokha mutanyamula kutentha.
Galtonia amakonda chinyezi chambiri. Masamba a chomera amatha kutsanulira nthawi ndi nthawi, amayankha bwino akakhazikitsa zinyowa. Panthawi yokhala matalala, sikofunikira kuti haltonia ipange malo owuma kwambiri. Matanki okhala ndi mababu obzalidwa atha kuyikidwa mu peat yonyowa kapena utuchi, kapena mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti chinyezi cha mlengalenga sichikugwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi zina chimapopera gawo.
Feteleza ndi kuphatikizira feteleza
Galtonia amayamba kudyetsedwa milungu iwiri itatha atasinthidwa kuti ayambe kutentha. Zomera, pafupipafupi feteleza ndi woyenera kamodzi pa masabata awiri. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumalizidwa pambuyo poyambira kuyang'ana kwa inflorescences.
Kwa chochulukitsa, ndibwino kusankha zosakaniza zapadera za feteleza pokakamiza maluwa kapena zamankhwala ochulukirapo komanso zamatumba ambiri. Zomera zabwino zimathandiziranso feteleza feteleza wa maluwa.
Ikani ndi gawo lina la haltonia
Pachikhalidwe, haltonia amazidulira mu kugwa, nthawi yopuma isanakwane, kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Okutobala, kutengera nyengo yomwe mukufuna. Ngati mbewu idagulidwa mu mababu, ndiye kuti kubzala kumachitidwanso mu Seputembara-Okutobala. Ndikotheka kukula haltonia ndikumazizira nthawi yozizira mu gawo lakale kapena ponyowa, ndikubzala mu kasupe (mwanjira iyi, mbewu zimachitika nthawi yomweyo kuti zizitentha).
Cape hyacinths imakonda magawo ochepera. Kwa iwo, muyenera kusankha mitundu yosanja ndi yovomerezeka ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dziko lapansi, kulabadira kwambiri momwe madzi ndi madzi amayendera. Malinga ndi zomwe anachita, dothi la haltonia liyenera kukhala acidic pang'ono. Mukamasankha magawo omwe adapangidwa kale, ndikofunikira kupereka mtundu wapadera wa dothi lobzala kapena maluwa. Popanga magawo, kupezeka kwa humus ndikofunikira.
Palibe chovuta kubzala haltonia. Pansi pa zotengera zazing'onoting'ono, kusiya pafupifupi masentimita atatu kupita ku makoma kapena kuyika haltonia m'magulu a mbewu 3-4 kuti apange "maluwa", kuyika ngalande yayikulu. Chidebecho chimadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi ndipo babu limakanikizidwa pang'ono, ndikulikakamiza ndi gawo lapansi. Mababu a Haltonium amabzalidwa mozama chimodzimodzi ndi ma hyacinths. Zomera mutabzala zimayikidwa mu nthawi yopuma ya miyezi 2-2,5.
Bulb wa ku Galtonia.
Matenda, tizirombo ndi mavuto akukula
Pakakhala mavuto ndi kuthilira kwamadzi nthaka, haltonium pafupifupi siyimabweretsa mavuto. Tizilombo ta dothi timakhala toopsa kwa mbewu, titha kuvutika chifukwa cha anyezi ndi kuvunda. Mavuto aliwonse amathandizidwa bwino ndi kupatsirana kwadzidzidzi ndi chithandizo cha prophylactic ndi mankhwala a systemic.
Kuberekera kwa Galtonia
Indoor haltonias nthawi zambiri imafalitsidwa ndi mababu a mwana wamkazi - kupatukana kosavuta kwa chisa ndi kupatukana kwa ana pakuwonjezera. Ngati munakwanitsa kugula kapena kutola mbewu za mbewu, ndiye kuti mutha kumera mbadwo watsopano, chifukwa galtonies ndi odzichulukitsa ngakhale pa nthawi yogulitsa.
Njira yokhayo yobwerera m'mbewu njira yofalitsira haltonia amatchedwa kuti kukula kwa mbewu pang'onopang'ono. Zaka zitatu mpaka zinayi ziyenera kudikirira mpaka maluwa atayamba ofooka, ndipo siolima onse omwe angakwanitse kusamalira bwino nthawi imeneyi. Kubzala kumachitika nthawi yomweyo kusonkhanitsa kwa mbeu kapena zipatso zatsopano.
Pofesa, nthaka yamchenga yopepuka imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yopanga theka la mchenga wam'mphepete, ndi theka la gawo lapansi la haltonia wamkulu. Kubzala kumachitika mopitilira muyeso, pang'ono pofesa mbewu ndi dothi, pansi pagalasi kapena filimu.
Panthawi yonse yaulimi, mbande zimakonda kwambiri kuthilira kwamadzi ndikugonjetsedwa ndi chilala. Kutentha kozizira kwa achinyamata mbande kumayamba kukonzekera kuyambira chaka choyamba. Pang'onopang'ono kupukusa gawo lapansi, mbewuzo zimasinthidwa kukhala zowuma ndikuziyikira nthawi yozizira nthawi yozizira, yomwe ndiyofunikira kuti mbewu zachikulire zizikula.
