Momwe mungapangire kukolola bwino kwa kolifulawa?

Kuyambira kale, munthu wakula ndikugwiritsa ntchito kabichi pazakudya. Monga mbewu yamasamba, kabichi mu zakudya za anthu aku Russia adapezeka m'zaka za zana la 11, koma posachedwapa anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kolifulawa pachakudya.

Mwa kukoma ndi zopatsa thanzi, kolifulawa, mwina, imatsogolera mzere wazakudya zamasamba zofunikira kwa munthu. Mukakulitsa mbande mu Juni, mutha kukolola. Cauliflower, kuphatikiza pa mavitamini ndi michere, muli mapuloteni amadzimadzi, michere, ma amino acid ndi ma nitrogenous mankhwala omwe amatengeka mosavuta ndi thupi la munthu. Mankhwalawa ndi a hypoallergenic (i.e. alibe zinthu za allergenic) ndipo ndiwofunika kuti amalimbikitsidwa kwa makanda omwe amadyetsa kaye koyamba.

Cauliflower imayambitsa kupanga maselo ofiira a m'magazi, imathandizira kuchepetsa shuga. Mwa anthu achikulire, kolifulawa amachepetsa kufooka kwa mafupa, pomwe ana amalimbikitsa kukula ndi kulimbitsa mafupa. Zinthu zonse zabwino sizingawerengedwa. Koma ngakhale omwe adalembedwawo akuwonetsa kuti kolifulawa ndi ndiwo zamasamba zofunika m'mundamo. Kodi nchiyani chimalepheretsa wamaluwa kuti asakhale mitu yayikulu, yapamwamba kwambiri yolumikizira kolimba?

Kututa kwa kolifulawa

Zimayambitsa kolifulawa

Maulifulawa osiyanasiyana

Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zapangira kolifulawa ndi mitundu yolakwika. Mitundu yambiri ya kolifulawa ndiyachokeranso kwina, ndipo ngakhale kugawa sikumaloleza kusinthasintha kwa kutentha mu nthawi ya chirimwe ndi chilimwe munthawi ya Russia.

Nthawi yofesa kolifulawa

Zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mphukira za maluwa, kukula kwawo ndi nthawi yofesa. Kholifulawa ndi mbewu yaifupi. Pa maola 13 mpaka 14, masamba ambiri amakula. Komanso, chikhalidwe sichimalola ngakhale pang'ono kugwedezeka. Zomera zimayamba kukhala zowala nthawi zonse masana. Kupanda kutero, samapanga inflorescence.

Optimum kutentha kwa kolifulawa

Kholifulawa amafunika kutentha pang'ono. Zabwino kwambiri pakukula kwa inflorescence zili m'gulu + 17 ... + 18 ° C. M'masiku ozizira, kukula kwa inflorescence kumachepa, koma kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kotentha (kuposa + 25 ° C) kumakhalabe kakang'ono, kowoneka kotayirira, kocheperako, maluwa aliwonse okhala ndi masamba osaphatikizika amalekanitsidwa ndi tsinde lalikulu. Mtundu wa inflorescence umawoneka ngati maluwa osungunuka.

Zakudya Zamakhola

Kukula kwa inflorescences kwachikhalidwe kumakhudzidwa ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya. Cauliflower mwamtheradi salekerera "njala" komanso kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, kuphwanya magawo a michere yayikulu, kusowa kwachilengedwe m'nthaka. Pakumwa mopitirira muyeso, masamba ochepa okha amkhola amapangika, omwe samagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Ndikusowa kwa michere, mbewu zimapanga masamba omwe samatseguka, koma zimangokhala ziwalo zokha.

Kutsirira koyenera

Kuphwanya lamulo la ulimi wothirira kumakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe a masamba owonjezereka ndi kukula kwa thumba losunga mazira. Dothi louma ndikadali achichepere limakhala losatheka kuti likwaniritse kuthilira pakumakula.

Kolifulawa ndi mutu waukulu wa kabichi

Momwe mungapangire kukolola bwino kwa kolifulawa?

Kukonzekera kwa mbewu

Zokolola zimayamba ndi mbewu. Mbewu za kolifulawa ndizothandiza kugula kuposa kumera nokha. Muyenera kugula mbewu kokha kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika. Phukusili liyenera kukhala ndi izi:

dzina la mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena yophatikiza (F1),
chizindikiro cha kugawa,
chaka chalandira mbewu ndi nthawi yayitali yosungira mbewu yabwino,
deti lenileni la kufesa m'deralo kwa mbande komanso panthaka,
masiku okhwima a mitundu yosiyanasiyana (yoyambirira, yapakati, mochedwa) ndi masiku okolola oyandikira.

Pogula mbewu za kolifulawa, palibe chifukwa chokonzekera kubzala, zomwe zimapulumutsa nthawi.

Ndi mtundu wanji wa kolifulawa yomwe angasankhe?

Zosiyanasiyana za kolifulawa zimasiyana pamaonekedwe amtundu wa inflorescence okhwima. Komabe, mtundu sukusintha mtundu wa malonda ndipo zimatengera zokonda za gourmet. Ena amakonda inflorescence yoyera chipale chofewa, ena - beiji yofiirira kapena yotuwa.

Panyumba yotentha, ndibwino kugula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kolifulawa yomwe ilipo mu nyengo kapena dera linalake m'chigawo. Ndikwabwino kukula mitundu yoyambirira kapena yapakatikati yomwe imatha kupanga chinthu chotsirizidwa m'masiku 70-100.

Pambuyo pake mitundu ya kolifulawa, makamaka zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yochepa chilimwe, sizingakhale zokhwima ndipo zidzafunika kuziwika kukhala wowonjezera kutentha kapena chophimba. Iyi ndi ntchito yowonjezera yomwe ikufunikira maluso a akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa, kupezeka kwa malo otenthetsera kutentha.

Popeza kuti kuzungulira kwa kolifulawa ngakhale kwamitundu yoyambira sikupitilira masiku 100, nthawi zambiri amakula kudzera mbande. Nthawi yokomera imakulolani kuti mupezere mbewu (nthawi zina kale mu June).

Mitundu yoyambirira ya kolifulawa yovomerezedwa ndi State Register ya Russian Federation kuti ikulidwe kumadera onse a Russia, kuphatikiza Koza Dereza, Movir-74, Waranti, Snezhinka. Dachnitsa osiyanasiyana ndi Incline F1 wosakanizidwa amawonekera pokana kwawo nyengo zoyipa. Zosiyanasiyana za kolifulawa ya Movir-74 ndi Guarantee zimapanga zokolola zambiri zomwe sizigwirizana ndi bacteriosis mukakhala m'madera onse, kuphatikiza Western Siberia, Urals ndi Far East.

Mwa hybriflower, oyamba kwambiri ndi Daria, Anfisa, Tsarevna, Otechestvennaya, Gribovskaya koyambirira, Moscow Canning, Alla F1, Snegurochka F1.

Zoweta chaka chilichonse zimapereka mitundu yatsopano ndi ma hybrids a kolifulawa omwe ali ndi machitidwe osinthika omwe amatha kusankhidwa pamabuku.

Mbande za kolifulawa mbande

Kukonzekera dothi la kolifulawa

Kholifulawa ndi mbewu yapadera yamasamba. Zomera sizingalekerere chonde chambiri, wandiweyani, wolemera, dongo lokhala ndi acidity yambiri. Kuwunikira bedi pakulima kolifulawa, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito yonse yokhudzana ndi kukonza nthaka mu kugwa. Kuti muchepetse nthaka kugwa, muyenera kuwonjezera ufa wa laimu kapena wa dolomite. Acidity yanyumba kabichi pa pH = 6.5-7.5 imawoneka bwino.

Dothi la Cauliflower lifunika kukometsedwa ndi humus okhwima, kompositi kapena biohumus okonzeka. Kutengera mtundu wa dothi (chonde chake ndi mtundu wake), kusintha momwe madzi ndi mpweya zimasinthira, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kumatha kukhala zidebe 1-3 pa mita imodzi. m

Mbande zazing'ono ndi kolifulawa zimakonda kwambiri kusowa kwa michere ndi kufufuza zinthu, makamaka boron, molybdenum, magnesium. Chifukwa chake, kugwa, limodzi ndi feteleza wachilengedwe, nitrophoska kapena Kemir ndi mlingo wa 60-70 g / sq. m

Ndikotheka kuwonjezera theka la nitrophoska mu kugwa, ndipo kasupe, musanadzalemo mbande za kolifulawa, onjezani kemir, yomwe ili ndi zofunika kufufuza. Mavalidwe a Autumn okhala ndi mins tuks amatha kusankhidwa pawokha malinga ndi nthaka.

Madeti ofesa kolifulawa ndi dera

Osatengera njira yomwe mukukolola (kudzera mmera kapena kufesa mwachindunji), ndikofunikira kusunga masiku ofesa omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi njira yaulimi yolimitsira kolifulawa (Gome 1).

Ngati kulima kolifulawa kumachitika kudzera mu mbande, ndiye kuti kufesa kumachitika bwino m'miphika ya peat kapena ziwiya zina, koma kuti zisasokoneze mizu ya mbewuyo mutabzala m'malo okhazikika.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri pakubzala mbewu kuti mupewe kukula ndikukula kwa mbeu. Kupulumuka kwanthawi yayitali muzu muzu mutabzala pansi kudzayimitsa chitukuko, ndipo kusagwira ntchito mtsogolo kudzatsogolera, kumapeto kwa mutu wosaya.

Gome 1. Kubzala mbewu za kolifulawa

Madera	Nthawi yokomera mbande, deti	Maonekedwe a mbande, masiku	Zaka za mmera, masiku	Kubzala mbande, deti	Zindikirani
Madera akumwera	Febuluwale 20 - Epulo 20	4-5	30-35	Marichi 20 - Meyi 20	Kubzala mu angapo masiku masiku 10-15. Woyamba kubzala mbande pachikuto. Kubzala mwachindunji mbewu m'nthaka pomwe nyengo yakhazikika imakhala pa kutentha osachepera + 17 ° С.
Madera akumwera	Marichi 01 - Meyi 25	4-5	35-40	Epulo 25 - Juni 30
Madera a Central Black Earth	Marichi 15-30	3-5	25-45	Epulo 5 - Meyi 5	Kubzala mbande zoyambilira.
Madera a Central Black Earth	Marichi 05 - Epulo 05	3-5	35-50	Epulo 15 - Meyi 15	Kubzala mbande zoyambilira.
Dera lapakati	Marichi 5 - 30	4-5	25-60	Epulo 25 - Meyi 15	Kubzala ndikubzala nthawi, 1: koyambirira, 2 - sing'anga, 3 - mochedwa. Kubzala mu angapo masiku masiku 10-15. Kubzala koyamba mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha, pambuyo pake - pogona poyera.
	Epulo 10 - Meyi 10		35-40	Meyi 20 - Juni 15
	Meyi 25 - Juni 10		30-35	Julayi 1 - Julayi 10
Madera a Ural ndi Siberia	Marichi 5 - 10	5-6	45-50	Meyi 25 - 30	Kupita kumalo obiriwira
Far East	Marichi 10 - 15	5-6	45-60	Meyi 25 - 30	Pachikuto

Kubzala mbande

M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yochepa yotentha, ndikofunikira kubzala mbande za kolifulawa m'malo otsetsereka kapena pobisalira mopepuka pazaka 50-60, kuti mbewu zitha kukhala ndi nthawi yocheperako pamtunda wamavuto (kutentha akutsikira, ndi zina). Kuti mubzale kolifulawa m'malo okhazikika, mumangofunika mbande zathanzi zokhazokha osachepera masiku 35 mpaka 40, 15cm kutalika, kukhala ndi muzu wopangidwa bwino wokhala ndi mizu ing'onoing'ono yopanda masamba, masamba atatu ophukika, utoto wobiriwira. Mbande zitalizitali, kutumbululuka, kukhala zochuluka sizingakhale mutu wabwino.

Kwa kolifulawa, nyemba, anyezi ndi dzungu ndizotsogola zabwino. Musanabzale, ndikofunika kuwonjezera supuni ziwiri zitatu za phulusa pachitsime chilichonse. Imawopseza tizirombo ndikugwirira ntchito ngati feteleza ndi ma michere, omwe amafunikira mbande m'masiku oyamba kukula.

Njira yodzala mbewu za kolifulawa ndi mbewu yodziwika bwino ndi masentimita 50x25. Kubzala kolifulawa kumachitika tsiku lotentha komanso lamitambo pomwe dzuwa limabisidwa ndi mitambo. Mbande zimayikidwa mu dzenje lobzala woyamba tsamba. Mutabzala, mmera uyenera kuthiriridwa pansi pa muzu ndi yankho la biofungicides planriz kapena phytosporin. Wobzala mbande za kolifulawa kwa masiku atatu (osatinso), kuphimba ndi dzuwa mwachindunji ndi chilichonse, koma osati filimu.

Mbewu Zamakhola

Njira zosasinthika zokulira kolifulawa

Ndi njira yopanda mmera yokulira kolifulawa m'malo otentha, mbewuzo zimafesedwa munthaka pomwe dothi lawundana ndi mizu yotalika masentimita 10-20 osatsika kuposa + 14 ... + 15 ° С, ndi mpweya + 17 ... + 19 ° С.

Mtunda wa masentimita 40-60 wasiyidwa pakati pa mizereyi. Nthawi yoyamba yophukika (kubudula) kwa kolifulawa imachitika m'gawo la masamba enieni awiri. Mtunda wa masentimita 10-15 umatsala pakati pa mbewuzo.

Mu gawo la 5-6 masamba a kolifulawa, mapangidwe omaliza a mbewu ataimirira akuchitika. Mtunda pakubala kwake ndi 20-25, nthawi zina mpaka 30 cm (pamtunda wachonde kwambiri komanso mitundu yayitali yolimba yokhala ndi mlengalenga wamkulu). Musanadulidwe ndi kolifulawa, dothi limakhala lonyowa. Ngati pamakhala malo omasuka, ndipo mizu yazomera zomwe zatulutsidwazo zilibe chowonongeka, ndiye kuti mbewu izi zitha kusinthidwa kuti zikhale mwaulele. Pambuyo pakupanga kachulukidwe koyima, kusamalira mmera ndi mbewu zomwe zimasiyanasiyana sikusiyana.

Kukula Kusamalira

Mosasamala kanthu za njira yolakulitsira kolifulawa (kudzera mmera kapena kufesa mwachindunji m'nthaka), chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo kutsatira ndi kusunga chinyezi, kuyatsa, kupatsa thanzi ndi michere yolimbikitsidwa, komanso chitetezo cha panthawi yake ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa zomerazo pambuyo povala pamwamba imasulidwa ndikukutira kapena (zomwe sizimamva zowawa kwa mbewuzo) zimathira dothi pamitengo yoyamba masamba. Hill kapena zofunda zimaphatikizidwa ndi chovala chapamwamba choyamba komanso chachiwiri.

Kuthirira kolifulawa

Cauliflower ndi chomera cha hygrophilous ndipo nthawi yonse yakukula imafunikira madzi okwanira. Pali nthawi ziwiri pakupanga kolifulawa, pomwe chikhalidwechi chimafunikira madzi - awa ndi magawo a kupanga rosette ndikukhazikitsa mutu wa kabichi. Chinyezi cha dothi sichiyenera kugwera pansi 75-85% (dothi ladzanja silimamatirana, koma silimatha kutseguka.)

Ngakhale kuyanika kwakanthawi kakanthaka sikunakhudze kukula kwa kolifulawa ndi kukhazikika kwa mitu. Kutsirira kumachitika nthawi 1-2 pa sabata ndi madzi ofunda, osakhazikika kuti muchotse mankhwala a chlorine (ngati alipo). Kuchepa kwambiri kwa kutentha kwa dothi mukathirira ndi madzi ozizira (kuchokera kuchitsime, m'misiri ndi zina) kudzakhudza kapangidwe ka mitu ya mbewu mtsogolo. Mizu ya kolifulawa imakhala pafupi ndi nthaka, kotero kumasula sikumveka nthawi zonse, ndibwino kuti mulch nthaka mutathirira. Musaiwale kupopera mbewu munthawi yotentha, kupopera madzi kuti mukhale chifunga.

Mbewu Zamakhola

Mavalidwe a kolifulawa

Poganizira kufunika kwachikhalidwe cha michere, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mbewu yabwino kumafunikiranso feteleza. Cauliflower imayankhira organic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kusintha feteleza ndi feteleza wachilengedwe ndi mchere. Mukamadyetsa, muyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti ndi "zakudya" zochulukirapo zimapanga maluwa osalala, ndipo mitu yokhala ndi inflorescence yokoma singathe kupezeka.

Cauliflower salekerera kuledzera ndi nayitrogeni, kotero nayitrogeni akhoza kupezeka pazovala zapamwamba mutu usanayambe. Pambuyo pake, ndizosatheka kuyambitsa kuti nitrate (kapena m'malo mwake nitrites) isadzikundikire gawo loyambirira la chikhalidwe. Ndikwabwino kupatsa mbewu pofufuza zinthu. Amalimbikitsanso chitetezo chazirombo, chomwe chiziteteza ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Mavalidwe apamwamba a 2-3 amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyambira ndi michere. Zosiyanasiyana za kolifulawa ndi nyengo yokulira yayitali zimapatsidwa chakudya ndi zina.

Chiwembu chodyetsa akhoza kukhala motere:

Kudyetsa koyamba kwa kolifulawa

Pamadye oyamba a kolifulawa, nayitrogeni ayenera kukhala kuti atulutse masamba ambiri ofunikira ndi photosynthesis. Choyamba kudya kumachitika pambuyo masiku 10-12 ndi yankho la organic feteleza ndi kuwonjezera kwa kufufuza zinthu. Njira yothetsera vutoli yakonzedwa ndi kuchuluka kwake: manyowa a ng'ombe, ndi manyowa am'madzi, gawo limodzi la madzi. Ngati famuyo ilibe michere, mutha kugula feteleza wachilengedwe m'masitolo oyenera - ndowe zowuma za mbalame, zotulutsa zakumwa za manyowa a ng'ombe "Biud" kapena "Bucephalus", "Kaury" ndi ena. Poyamba, mbewu za kolifulawa zimafunika kuyala ndi kukulitsa inflorescence boron, molybdenum, magnesium, manganese. Zitha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsira ndikuwonjezerapo njira yachilengedwe, kusungunuka molingana ndi zomwe mwatsimikiza.

Ngati palibe njira yodyetsira mbewuzo ndi feteleza wachilengedwe, ndiye kuti mutha kupanga Kemir, terraflex kapena master, ndi mlingo wa madzi 60-70 g / 10 l. Kuthirira kumachitika pansi pa muzu wa kolifulawa, osadzaza pamwamba pake misa ndi michere yankho. Izi feteleza muli kufufuza zinthu. Pambuyo kuthirira aliyense, ndikofunikira kuti mulch nthaka kuti muchepetse kusintha kwa madzi ndikupanga kutumphuka.

Ngati feteleza pamwambowu kulibe, mutha kukonzekera yankho la nitrophoska yemweyo muyezo ndikuwonjezera zinthu pamenepo.

Kholifulawa

Kudya kwachiwiri kwa kolifulawa

Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba cha kolifulawa chimachitika mu gawo la masamba 5-7. Pangani azofoska kapena feteleza wina wovuta pa 50-70 g pa 10 malita a madzi kapena kuwaza mankhwalawa pa lalikulu mita. mamita pansi kuthirira. Pa chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba, 1 g ya boron ndi molybdenum imangowonjezeredwa ku yankho la michere.

Kudyetsa kwachitatu kwa kolifulawa

Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba chimachitika m'chigawo chokhazikitsidwa ndi mutu (pafupifupi ndi mtedza waukulu). Mapangidwe a mutu wa kolifulawa amayamba pambuyo pakupanga masamba okwanira 7-9. Amasewera gawo la nkhokwe yazakudya mu inflorescence. Masamba awa sangatenge. Popita nthawi, atapereka michere yonse ku inflorescence, amatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa.

Pa lalikulu. m kupanga feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu, motero, 30 ndi 40. Mutha kukumana ndi feteleza wina aliyense, koma wopanda nitrogen.

Nthawi imeneyi, muthanso kudyetsa kolifulawa ndi mitundu ya feteleza wachilengedwe komanso michere. Mullein amawonjezera 1: 8 ndi malita 10 aliwonse a yankho, onjezerani supuni ya mchere wa ammonium nitrate ndi superphosphate kapena supuni yapamwamba ya mafuta a nitric ndi supuni ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate.

Kodi kuphimba kukula kwa inflorescence kwa kolifulawa?

Mitu ya kolifulawa ikangoyamba kumangirizidwa, "ma huts" amakonzedwa kuyambira masamba atatu mpaka anayi. Masamba amangirira pa inflorescence kapena kumangirira mwanjira ina. Olima ena amadzula masamba kuti agonepo inflorescence wachichepere. Ngati panthawiyi simukufunda kukula kwa inflorescence ya kolifulawa, ndiye kuti pakuwala sikutaya mtundu wake woyera, uyamba kudzipindika kukhala mphukira zamaluwa osiyana.

Pambuyo pakukhazikika kwa mutu, kuvala kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa kolifulawa kumaimitsidwa kuti ma nitrate / nitrites asadziunjike mu malonda.

Mutu waukulu wa kolifulawa

Momwe mungadziwire kukhwima kwa kolifulawa?

Mutu wokhwima mwatsopano ndi wolemera, wandiweyani, wopirira. Munthu payekha inflorescence amachoka ndi crunch. Masamba wokutira inflorescence ayenera kukhala wobiriwira bwino, watsopano komanso wolimba.

Masamba owoneka bwino a kolifulawa, masamba obowoleza omwe amagawika padera, amawoneka kuti ali ndi maluwa. Kuchokera ku chinthu choterocho samakonzera chakudya chokoma.