Ambiri mwa anzathuwa amalima kabichi yoyera kudziko lawo kapena ziwembu, ena amalima kolifulawa ndi kabichi wofiira. Koma mitundu ina ya kabichi ndi malo osungira zinthu zofunikira. Komanso, ali ndi zovuta kwambiri. Mitundu ya kabichi yotchuka yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe ndiwokondweretsa kwa ambiri okhala chilimwe, popeza chakudya chamtengo wapatali ichi ndi gawo limodzi la zakudya zathu.
Zosiyanasiyana za kabichi
Mawu akuti "kabichi" amamvetsa mtundu wa banja la mbewu ya banja la Kabichi, lomwe limatchedwanso Cruciferous. Mulinso zokolola monga mpiru, rutabaga, turnips, komanso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi. Masiku ano, pali mitundu pafupifupi 50 ya mitengo ya kabichi. Ambiri mwa iwo amakula m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, ku Central Europe ndi Asia. Ku America, mitundu ya kabichi yokha yomwe imachokera ku Europe ndi Asia ndi yomwe imalimidwa.
Mitundu iyi imaphatikizapo zitsamba zamitundu imodzi, ziwiri- ndi zamuyaya. Masamba odukiza kapena otalikirana mosiyanasiyana amadziwika. Anthu adaphunzira kulima kabichi zaka zambiri zapitazo. Mtengo uwu umakhala ndi michere yambiri, carotene, glucose, mavitamini, kufufuza zinthu. Kabichi amathanso kudyedwa yaiwisi, yophika, yosemedwa, yokazinga. Mitundu ina ya kabichi imasungidwa bwino mpaka mbewu yatsopano.
Pafupifupi kabichi yonse amakonda dothi lachonde, kuyatsa kwabwino komanso chinyezi. Zitha kumera chifukwa cha mbande kapena kubzala panthaka.
Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya kabichi yomwe imatha kulimidwa mdziko muno:
- wamutu-woyera;
- mutu wofiyira;
- Brussels
- mtundu;
- broccoli
- kohlrabi;
- Savoy
- Peking
- Wachichaina
- Kale kabichi.
Kutengera ziwalo zomwe zimadyedwa mu chakudya, mitundu yamitundu iyi ya kabichi imasiyanitsidwa:
- tsamba (Beijing, Chinese, Kale), pomwe masamba amapita kukadya;
- mutu (oyera, ofiira, Savoy), komwe ndi impso yokulirapo;
- achikuda ndi ma broccoli, omwe mitu yawo ili ndi nthambi zamaluwa zokhala ndi maluwa ambiri;
- Brussels, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika kabichi, yomwe imakula m'matumbo a masamba;
- kohlrabi, pomwe tsinde linakhuthala limatheka.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya kabichi imapereka zipatso zambiri, kutengera malamulo aulimi a mbewuyi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi yomwe ili ndi zithunzi zomwe zimakula bwino mdziko muno zasonyezedwa pansipa.
White kabichi (munda) kabichi
Kabichi wodziwika kwambiri m'mitunda mwathu ndi kabichi wam'munda, yemwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kabichi yoyera. Yalimidwa mdziko lathu kwazaka zambiri. Muli mavitamini (C, B), michere (calcium, sulufu, potaziyamu, phosphorous, iron, magnesium, zinc), mapuloteni. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira iliyonse. Ngakhale novice wokhala m'chilimwe amatha kukula kabichi yoyera. Nthawi zambiri imakula chifukwa cha mbande.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya kabichi yoyambirira: Transfer F1, Cossack, Samur F1, June, Stakhanovka 1513, Express F1, Arctic Circle, Golden Hectare, Ditmar koyambirira. Mitundu yomwe imabala zipatso kwambiri mochedwa kabichi: Moscow kumapeto 9, Amager, Bowa wozizira 13, Moscow mochedwa 15, Morozka, Arctic F1, Guarantor F1.
Brussels imamera
Kabichi yamtunduwu imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha mitu yake yaying'ono kabichi, yopingasa 4-5 cm, yokhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri. Ndikoyenera kuphika soups, stewing, kusungidwa. Zakudya izi zimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zambiri zothandiza kwa anthu. Mitu ya kabichi ili ndi kabichi yabwino.
Yofesedwa mu Epulo, Brussels imaphuka mu Okutobala.
Kabichi wofiyira
Kabichi yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika saladi watsopano ndi kukoka, chifukwa mukamachira kutentha kwakanthawi amasintha mtundu wake wabwino. Masamba ake ndiolimba kuposa masamba a kabichi yoyera. Amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Ubwino wake ndi kuchuluka kwamapuloteni, vitamini C, mchere, pantheic acid, cyanine, ayodini.
Mitundu yoyambirira, yapakati komanso mochedwa ya kabichi wofiira imasiyanitsidwa. Kale mu Juni, mutha kudula masamba akuluakulu mu saladi osadikirira mutu wakucha.
Kholifulawa
Ku kabichi kamitundu mitunduyi, anthu ambiri okhala mchilimwe amakhala ndi tsankho, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsana, masaladi, kuwaza ndi kuwotcha. Komabe, mitundu yake yambiri siinapangidwe kuti isungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali. Cauliflower ali ndi mavitamini ndi mapuloteni ambiri kuposa kabichi yoyera, yomwe imaposa phindu. Pali mitundu ya zoyera, zofiira, zachikaso ndi zofiirira. Mutu wa kolifulawa umakhala ndi kukoma komanso mawonekedwe amtundu.
Kuti mitu ya kabichi izikhala yoyera, amaphimbidwa ndi masamba ochokera dzuwa.
Broccoli
Kabichi yamtunduwu imafanana ndi kolifulawa, koma imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira amdima. Posachedwa, mitundu yokhala ndi utoto wofiirira yawonekera. Kukoma kwa broccoli inflorescences kumafanana ndi kolifulawa, koma kumakhala kofatsa komanso kosangalatsa. Mtengo wamafuta ochepera awa ndi chakudya. Kuphatikiza pa mavitamini, mapuloteni, mchere, uli ndi folic acid, methionine ndi antioxidants. Wophika, wowira.
Mtundu wa kabichi uyu ndi wopanda ulemu. Broccoli imalimbana ndi chisanu mpaka -7 ° ะก. Kabichi uyu sakusowa mitu. Nthawi zambiri imamera pa dothi lililonse la Broccoli nthawi ya kukula kumutu kumafuna kuthirira yambiri. Ma inflorescence amayenera kudulidwa munthawi yake kuti asatulutsa.
Kohlrabi
Tsoka ilo, kabichi yamtunduwu imanyalanyazidwa mosayenera ndi okhala m'chilimwe. Mtengowu samadya masamba kapena inflorescence, koma tsinde lonenepa. Imadyedwa yaiwisi, yophikidwa, yophika, yokazinga, yozaza ndi yophika. Chimakoma ngati bango ndi chokoma chokoma. Kohlrabi amatchuka chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwake ndi mankhwala. Ili ndi vitamini C yambiri kuposa zipatso za malalanje. Mtengowu umalimbikitsidwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
Kabuyuyu amadziwika chifukwa chodzikuza. Zitha kufesedwa mwachindunji panthaka. Komanso, imakhazikika pakatha miyezi 2-2,5. Kohlrabi iyenera kutsukidwa mu nthawi kuti pasakhale ulusi wazomera wopukutira mu stemplod. Izi zamasamba zabwino zitha kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Kabichi ya Savoy
Kabichi yamtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba a curly. Muli michere yambiri kuposa kabichi yoyera. Masamba ake ndi opepuka komanso osalala. Amakhala abwino pakudya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masaladi ndi kabichi yozikika.
Kabichi ya Savoy imamera chimodzimodzi kabichi yoyera. Zimalephera kutentha, kusowa chinyezi komanso kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo.
Beijing kabichi
Peking kabichi nthawi yomweyo imakhala yofanana ndi masamba letesi ndi kabichi. Masamba ake otuwa, otambasuka a kabichi amawasiyanitsa ndi masamba osakhwima ndi amphaka. Chimakula msanga kwambiri (miyezi 2-2.5). Gwiritsani ntchito kupanga saladi ndi kim-chi.
Zofesedwa kabichi mwachindunji mu malo otseguka, chifukwa salola kufalikira. Bzalani mu Epulo-Meyi. Kabichi iyi iyenera kutetezedwa mosamala ku tizirombo monga ma slgs, chifukwa ikhoza kuwononga malo onse obzala kabichi la Beijing.
Chinese kabichi
Kabichi waku China adayamba kulimidwa mdziko muno posachedwapa. Kale iyi ilibe mutu wa kabichi. M'mapangidwe ake, imakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi kabichi yoyera.
Kabichi kale
Mtundu wa kabichi uyu ndi woyamba mu nyumba zathu zam'chilimwe. Amalimidwa, yonse monga ndiwobiri yabwino, komanso ngati mbewu yokongoletsera. Kabichi iyi imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa kwambiri. Ali ndi masamba "osema" okongola.
Zambiri zaukadaulo waulimi
Kabichi pamalo amodzi sangalimbe kwa zaka zopitilira ziwiri. Pambuyo pake, ziwembuzo zimabzalidwa ndi nkhaka, beets, mbatata. Mbewu za kabichi zonse zimamera pa 2-3 ° C. Zomera zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimalekerera chisanu mpaka 5-7 ° C. Kabichi imamera bwino kwambiri pa 13-18 ° C. Pamatenthedwe kwambiri, mbewuzi zimatha kutambalala mwachangu kuti zikhale phesi lalitali. Masamba onse amtunduwu amakonda dothi lonyowa bwino.
Kutalika kwa nthawi yamitengo yamabichi osiyanasiyana:
- kabichi - masiku 100-170 (kutengera kalasi);
- mtundu ndi broccoli - masiku 80-180 (kutengera kalasi);
- Brussels - masiku 150-160;
- Kohlrabi - masiku 70-80.
Cauliflower ndi broccoli sizosangalatsa pansi monga mitundu ina ya masamba awa. Zitha kulimidwa padothi komanso pamchenga wamchenga. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi imasankhidwa kutengera nyengo. Kumpoto kwa kumpoto, mitundu yoyambirira ndi yapakati nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa, ndipo kum'mwera - mochedwa.
Tizilombo totsatirazi titha kusokoneza kabichi:
- Amphaka
- Nsabwe;
- Slug.
Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwa mankhwala azitsamba, kuthirira mbewu ndi yankho la phulusa la nkhuni kapena chitho cha anyezi ndikutchuka kwambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi imakulolani kuti mumere zokolola zabwino kwambiri zamasamba abwino kwambiri komanso athanzi m'dziko muno.
