Wakula pafupifupi ziweto zonse zam'nyumba, kabichi ndiye masamba omwe amatchuka kwambiri komanso mbatata. Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi mitundu ya kabichi, koma onsewa amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso tizirombo. Nthawi yomweyo, vuto lalikulu loteteza kabichi ku tizirombo ndi kusayenerera kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo paliponse pa chitukuko. Chifukwa chake, poteteza komanso kuchiza kabichi, njira zochepetsera komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Matenda a kabichi
Zina mwa matenda akuluakulu a kabichi ndi izi:
- White zowola, magwero a matenda omwe ndi mycelium sclerotia.
- Kuola kwa mbewa kumachitika mbewu ikasungidwa mosayenera.
- Aliyense pakati pa adani onse a kabichi ndiye oopsa komanso ambiri. Matendawa amapezeka kudzera mwa bowa yemwe amawononga mizu.
- Yellowness kabichi, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha dothi lapansi. Kulowera mu chomera kudzera m'mizu kapena kuwonongeka kwa tsamba la kabichi, fungus yotere imalepheretsa kayendedwe ka madzi m'mbale ndipo zimapangitsa tsamba kuti likhale lachikasu chifukwa chotsatira.
- Mose wa kabichi ndi kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matenda, ndipo ndizotheka kuthana nawo kokha popewa.
- Downy mildew (peronosporosis) imawoneka pamasamba mawonekedwe a malo ofiira otsekemera ndi kukhudza kwa mycelium pansi pamunsi.
- Mwendo wakuda umawoneka makamaka pa mbande za mibadwo yosiyana ndipo umapangitsa kuti khungu likhale lakuda.
Njira zowongolera matenda a kabichi
Kuti muthane bwino ndi matenda a kabichi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi chinyezi mlengalenga kapena dothi lonyowa. Popeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a kabichi titha kukhalabe ndi moyo m'nthaka zaka zingapo, ndikofunikira kusintha malo omwe kubzala kabichi chaka chilichonse, kuthirira masamba ndi kudyetsa, kuteteza ku tizirombo. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoletsa, mwachitsanzo, decoction wa tsabola wotentha, marigolds kapena mahatchi, sangathe kuchiritsidwa kokha, komanso otetezedwa pakufalikira kwa matenda.
Chachikulu ndi kulimbana kwatsatanetsatane ndi matenda a kabichi nthawi yamaluwa ndikutuluka. Momwe mungathane ndi matenda omwe adagunda kale kabichi zimatengera mtundu uliwonse wamatenda.
Kuti muthane ndi zowola zoyera, ndikofunikira kusunga kasinthidwe wa mbeu wazaka 6-7. Zomwezo zingalimbikitsidwe kuteteza kukula kwa imvi. Koma kulimbana ndi keel, ndikuwononga mbewu yodwala ndikusokoneza ndi formalin kapena Bordeaux fluid. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi nthawi yellowness zimawonongekanso, ndipo nthawi yayitali zimagwira nthaka ndi yankho la mkuwa sulfate.
Kuti muteteze ku powdery mildew, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera kapena wowerengeka azitsamba. Pofuna kuthana ndi mwendo wakuda, njere zimathandizidwa chisanachitike kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kapena mankhwala othandiza kwambiri. Kuwononga spores m'nthaka, ndi mankhwala ndi madzi otentha, mwatsopano osenda laimu kapena yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
Tizilombo ta kabichi ndi chithunzi
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a kabichi zimatha kukhala tizirombo, pakati paowopsa kwambiri ndi kabichi scoop, aphid kabichi ndi njenjete, komanso nthomba yophatikizira ndi tizilombo tina.
Tizilombo tomwe tidapachika pamtanda ndi kakang'ono kulumpha (2-3 mm); Popewa, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mosamala maudzu onse musanabzala, ndi nyengo yotentha kuti dzungulire mbande ndi chovala chosawoneka bwino chomwe chimalola kuti mpweya udutse. Utoto ukawoneka, mankhwala azikhalidwe kapena mankhwala ena owopsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kabichi nsabwe za m'masamba hibernate mu gawo la dzira pa stumps, mbewu za kabichi ndi namsongole. Maonekedwe akuluakulu a nsabwe za m'masamba omwe amayamwa kuyamwa kuchokera kumitengo imayambitsa kukhumudwa kwa mutu wa kabichi, ndipo mbewu sizimapanga ma testes. Pewani kuoneka ngati nsabwe za m'masamba pokonzanso malowo mukakolola, kuwononga namsongole pafupipafupi. Tizilombo tambiri tothandiza, tomwe timakopeka ndi maambulera (katsabola, mbewu ya karoti), timawononga nsabwe za m'masamba. Pakuwonekera koyamba, nsabwe za m'masamba zimawonongedwa ndikupukutira masamba ndi nsalu yothiriridwa m'madzi a soapy, komanso kukonkha decoction ndi tinctures a nsonga za mbatata ndi phwetekere, fodya, bleached, adyo, anyezi ndi ena.
Nsikidzi zokongola zimakhala ndi utoto wamitundu, kutengera mtundu wa kachilombo. Nsikidzi akuluakulu ndi mphutsi zawo kuwononga makina kuwononga, kuyamwa kunja kwa msuzi, akufa masamba maselo. Kudya kabichi ndiye kwambiri tizilombo. Amakhala odziwika kwambiri ndipo nthawi yayitali mkazi wina amatha kubereka mazira 300. Zochita zawo zovulaza zimakulitsidwa makamaka mu nyengo yotentha, youma. Njira zabwino zowongolera nsikidzi ndi njira zoletsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zotchingira isanayambike nsikidzi. Pakuwopseza kutali, naphthalene, lime la fluffy, fodya amagwiritsidwa ntchito, osakanikirana ndi zosakaniza zina. Ikani kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi sopo yankho kapena decoctions a chamomile, nsonga za mbatata, mankhusu anyezi. Ndi nsikidzi zambiri, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito - mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Tizilombo ta masamba a kabichi tili ndi malo ambiri okhalamo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ngati mazira (3-4.5 cm) timadya mabowo akulu pamasamba kapena timadya mozungulira m'mphepete. Njira zachilengedwe zothanirana ndi tizilombo.
Gulugufe wamkulu wachikabichi ndi gulugufe wausiku, koma gawo la mbozi ndi zovulaza. Gulugufe amatha kugwidwa mol molowera kapena moto wa malawi ausiku. Trichograph imawononga mazira a scoop, ndipo kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kumagwiritsa ntchito kuwononga mbozi.
Tizilombo tomwe tidapachika pamtanda ndi kakang'ono kulumpha (2-3 mm); Popewa, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mosamala maudzu onse musanabzala, ndi nyengo yotentha kuti dzungulire mbande ndi chovala chosawoneka bwino chomwe chimalola kuti mpweya udutse. Utoto ukawoneka, mankhwala azikhalidwe kapena mankhwala ena owopsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kabichi nsabwe za m'masamba hibernate mu gawo la dzira pa stumps, mbewu za kabichi ndi namsongole. Maonekedwe akuluakulu a nsabwe za m'masamba omwe amayamwa kuyamwa kuchokera kumitengo imayambitsa kukhumudwa kwa mutu wa kabichi, ndipo mbewu sizimapanga ma testes. Pewani kuoneka ngati nsabwe za m'masamba pokonzanso malowo mukakolola, kuwononga namsongole pafupipafupi. Tizilombo tambiri tothandiza, tomwe timakopeka ndi maambulera (katsabola, mbewu ya karoti), timawononga nsabwe za m'masamba. Pakuwonekera koyamba, nsabwe za m'masamba zimawonongedwa ndikupukutira masamba ndi nsalu yothiriridwa m'madzi a soapy, komanso kukonkha decoction ndi tinctures a nsonga za mbatata ndi phwetekere, fodya, bleached, adyo, anyezi ndi ena.
Nsikidzi zokongola zimakhala ndi utoto wamitundu, kutengera mtundu wa kachilombo. Nsikidzi akuluakulu ndi mphutsi zawo kuwononga makina kuwononga, kuyamwa kunja kwa msuzi, akufa masamba maselo. Kudya kabichi ndiye kwambiri tizilombo. Amakhala odziwika kwambiri ndipo nthawi yayitali mkazi wina amatha kubereka mazira 300. Zochita zawo zovulaza zimakulitsidwa makamaka mu nyengo yotentha, youma. Njira zabwino zowongolera nsikidzi ndi njira zoletsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zotchingira isanayambike nsikidzi. Pakuwopseza kutali, naphthalene, lime la fluffy, fodya amagwiritsidwa ntchito, osakanikirana ndi zosakaniza zina. Ikani kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi sopo yankho kapena decoctions a chamomile, nsonga za mbatata, mankhusu anyezi. Ndi nsikidzi zambiri, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito - mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Tizilombo ta masamba a kabichi tili ndi malo ambiri okhalamo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ngati mazira (3-4.5 cm) timadya mabowo akulu pamasamba kapena timadya mozungulira m'mphepete. Njira zachilengedwe zothanirana ndi tizilombo.
Gulugufe wamkulu wachikabichi ndi gulugufe wausiku, koma gawo la mbozi ndi zovulaza. Gulugufe amatha kugwidwa mol molowera kapena moto wa malawi ausiku. Trichograph imawononga mazira a scoop, ndipo kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kumagwiritsa ntchito kuwononga mbozi.Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kabichi
Pafupifupi tizirombo tonse tomwe tili kale ndiopsa ku mbande zamabichi. Chifukwa chake, nkhondo yolimbana nawo iyenera kuyamba ndi kukonzekera dothi asanadzafesere mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha. Musanadzalemo mbande, muyenera kuipenda mosamala kuti pakhale tizilombo, midges. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuchitira panthawi yake ndi infusions ndi decoctions, kuyesedwa kwa zaka zambiri. Maphikidwe amomwe mungathanirane ndi tizirombo ta kabichi ndi matenda amapezeka ambiri pa intaneti ndipo oyenera pankhaniyi amasankhidwa.
