Zomera zamaluwa m'nyumba ndi mwayi wabwino wopanga malo abwino komanso abwino ndikudzaza mpweya ndi fungo labwino. Pakadali pano, kakombo wowotcha mumphika samadabwa ndi kukhalapo kwake, chifukwa mitundu yapadera ya mbewu iyi yomwe idasinthidwa ndi zinthu zamkati yazitsekera. Choyamba, awa ndi azungu a ku Asia ndi ku Asia, omwe amapatsa ana ochepa kwambiri ndipo amatha kukula popanda kuwayika mumphika womwewo kwa zaka zingapo. Kukula maluwa achinyumba m'mphika siovuta monga momwe kumawonekera. Pali mwayi wowongolera nthawi yolandirira maluwa ndikulandila masamba okongola nthawi yayitali. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusankha nthawi yoyenera kubzala ndikupereka zofunikira pakukula.
Kakombo mumphika umatha kutalika mpaka mita 1.5, ndipo kumatha kukula tchire laling'ono. Kuti muwongole kutalika kwa tsinde, muyenera kusankha mitundu. Ndipo, potero, mphika wa kakombo uyenera kukwaniritsa zinthu zofunikira paulimi. Duwa lanu lamtsogolo kwambiri, kutalika kwake ndi kutalika kwake kuyenera kutola mphika wa maluwa. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa tsinde mita 1.5, kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala ndi khoma kutalika kwa 35 - 40 cm. Kuchulukitsa kwa voliyumu yoyamba ndi 16 cm2. Chifukwa chake, mumphika wokhala ndi masentimita 40, mababu a 3-4 amatha kubzala. Kubzala mosiyanasiyana m'miphika yosiyana sikuli koyenera, chifukwa maluwa ndi malo akulu padziko lapansi atayamba kupanga mwachangu kubala ana, ndipo maluwa samachitika mpaka malo onse adzazidwe. Izi zitha kutenga zaka.
Kukonzekera kumera maluwa a kakombo mumiphika kunyumba: chithunzi cha mbewu ndi zovuta kukonzekera
Onani mosamalitsa zithunzi zosiyanasiyana za maluwa m'miphika, kukongola modabwitsa kwa maluwa omwe ali ndi maluwa ndi osangalatsa komanso osangalatsa. Ngati lingaliro labzalidwewo lapangidwa, ndiye tikukonzekera kumera maluwa a kakombo m'miphika. Zovuta zakukonzekera kukula kwamaluwa kunyumba mumphika zimakhala ndi zinsinsi zingapo:
- kusankha koyenera kubzala - mababu ayenera kukhala olimba ndikulemera masentimita 40;
- Dziwani zamtunduwu - zokonda zimaperekedwa kumitundu yam'mera, yazing'ono, Asia, achifumu komanso yayitali;
- kuvutitsa mababu mufiriji kwa masiku 15 mpaka 20 - kutentha kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi digrii 5 Celsius;
- musanabzale, zilowerereni mababu choyamba kwa maola awiri mu yankho la potaziyamu;
- ndiye kwa maola 12 mu yankho la michere ya michere ndi chopatsa mphamvu.
Mtundu wamaluwa wamkaka mumphika ungabzalidwe popanda kuphatikiza babu kwa zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kupereka chomera pazomera. Palibe chifukwa muyenera kutenga muli ndi zodzala zinthu kuti khonde pa nthawi yozizira. Mababu osakonzekera amatha kuwuma. Momwe mungasungire maluwa ndi zoyenera kuchita kuti mulandire maluwa ambiri nyengo yotsatira, tidzafotokozeranso zina. Pakadali pano, timapereka zithunzi zokongola za maluwa mumapoto pakhonde ndi pazenera:
Kodi kubzala kakombo mumphika?
Kuti china chake chikule ndikukula, ndikofunikira kupereka zofunikira pakukula kwa mizu ndi zakudya. Kubzala kakombo mumphika kumaphatikizapo kusankha dothi labwino. Itha kukhala tinthu tosiyanasiyana pamtunda wofanana ndi humus kapena kompositi. Mukadzipangira dothi losakanikirana, musaiwale za kuwonjezera kwa feteleza wamaaminidwe. Monga lamulo, 50 g amatengedwa pa lita iliyonse ya dothi. zosakaniza zofanana zofanana za nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphorous. Muthagula dothi lopangidwa ndi maluwa okongoletsa m'malo ogulitsira. Koma musanagwiritse ntchito muyenera kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti muchite izi, kutsanulira mapoto pamadzi otentha ndi kuwonjezera kwa fungicides ndi potaziyamu permanganate.
Mutha kubzala kakombo mumphika nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Kuti mupeze zokolola zokongoletserako chilimwe, ndikofunikira kubzala mababu pasanadutse zaka khumi zachiwiri za Marichi. Poterepa, maluwa atha kuperekedwa mu theka lachiwiri la Meyi. Kwa nthawi yayitali ya budding, ndikofunikira kubwereza kubzala ndi masabata awiri. Kuti mupeze maluwa pofika Disembala, muyenera kubzala kakombo mumphika kumapeto kwa Seputembala ndikuwonjezera kuyatsa mutangotulutsa masamba.
Ndipo tsopano tiona mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingakhalire kakombo mumphika kunyumba:
- ngalande ngati mawonekedwe amiyala yam'nyanja ndi yamtsinje kapena dongo lokakulitsidwa limayikidwa pansi pa botolo, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito zidutswa za polystyrene ndi njerwa zosweka, wosanjikiza mpaka 5 cm;
- ndiye masentimita 10 nthaka yachonde imathiridwa;
- ikani mabatani mozondoka, pansi pang'ono ndikukankhira pansi;
- 15-20 masentimita a nthaka yachonde amathiridwa pamwamba;
- kuthirira kumachitika ndi madzi ofunda kuti dothi lonyowa.
Musanabzale maluwa, onetsetsani kukula ndi kutalika kwa mbali za mphikawo. Poganizira malingaliro omwe aperekedwa pamwambapa, werengani magawo awa kuti mutabzala padzakhala malo pafupifupi 7 cm m'mphepete pamwamba pa mphaka.
Zovuta zakukula kwamaluwa opanga tokha mumphika ndi kusamalira mbewu
Chuma ndi kutalika kwamtambo ndizotheka pokhapokha ngati zonse zakulimi zakwaniritsidwa. Kukula maluwa mumiphika ndi njira yosangalatsa momwe mulibe chilichonse chovuta. Ndikokwanira kupereka chisamaliro choyenera cha maluwa mumiphika, kuyendetsa kuthirira nthawi zonse ndikovala pamtunda wamagulu ophatikiza michere ndi michere yachilengedwe.
Tiyeni tiwone momwe angasamalire kakombo mumphika.Chifukwa chake, kuyikirako kunachitika molondola komanso bwino, tsopano muyenera kudikira mpaka kutulutsa kukaonekere. Pakadali pano, kutentha kochepa kuyenera kuperekedwa ndipo kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika pamene matope akumauma. Izi ndi pafupifupi nthawi imodzi m'masiku atatu.
M'malo mwake, kakombo wapanyumba mumphika sikutanthauza chisamaliro chambiri. Pambuyo pa kutuluka, kuvala koyambirira koyamba ndi yankho la feteleza wachilengedwe kumachitika. Pambuyo masiku 7, kudya mobwerezabwereza kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito phosphorous-potaziyamu. M'pofunika kuti utsi vutoli limamera ndi kuwonjezera kwa chowonjezera pa nthawi ya kukula koyamba. Izi zimachitika pafupifupi kawiri pa sabata. Njira imeneyi imathandizira kuyika maluwa ndipo imapereka chitukuko cha masamba akuluakulu.
Zikaphukira zikafika kutalika kwa 10 cm, nthaka imadzazidwanso mpaka m'mphepete mwa mphikawo. Ndiye kusamalira nyumba kakombo mumphika amachepetsa kumasula nthawi zonse dothi akuya masentimita 5 kuti atsimikizire kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino kumizu. Kutsirira kumachitika tsiku lililonse. Kuphatikiza ndi mchere komanso michere yazomera zamaluwa osachepera 1 pa sabata. Pazaka 1 zakubadwa, kakombo mumphika akhoza kutulutsidwa kunja. Koma izi ziyenera kuchitika ndi kuuma koyambirira. Kutenga tsiku loyamba kwa mphindi 30, lachiwiri - kwa ola limodzi, kachitatu kwa maola awiri. Ndipo kotero pang'onopang'ono mubweretse nthawi yakukhala mu mpweya wabwino mpaka maola 10. Pewani kuwonetsedwa ndi kutentha kwausiku magawo 10 Celsius. Izi zimalepheretsa kuyala kwa maluwa.
Mpaka masamba atatseguka, chisamaliro cha nyambo mumphika chitha kuphatikizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse. Izi zimapereka msanga kukula ndi chitukuko. Kunja, lamulo limodzi liyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Mukamapopera komanso mpaka chinyezi chiziluma, masamba sayenera kutuluka kuti awatuluke. Kupanda kutero, zidzayambitsa dzuwa. Mukaphuka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumalepheretsa madzi kulowa m'madzalo. Chinyezi chimafupikitsa nyengo ya maluwa.
Ngati pali masamba ambiri ndipo ndi olemera, ndiye ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa zida zothandizira tsinde.
Onani chithunzi cha maluwa m'miphika omwe amatha kulima bwino kunyumba, kupanga zoyeserera ndikugwiritsa ntchito malangizo omwe aperekedwa pamwambapa.
Kodi kukula ndi kufalitsa maluwa achikale mumphika?
Posachedwa, m'masitolo apadera ogulitsa maluwa am'phika mumphika kale wamaluwa. Momwe mungasungire kukongola uku ndikupitiliza kuphuka kwamasamba zomera kunyumba. Choyambirira, muyenera kudziwa kuti kusamalira kakombo wam'madzimo mumphika nthawi yake yamaluwa kumaphatikizapo kukakamiza kuthirira ndi kuvala pamwamba ndi feteleza wa mchere. Spia masamba osachepera 1 pa tsiku. Izi zidzakulitsa nyengo yamaluwa.
Muyeneranso kudziwa momwe mungatulutsire kakombo mumphika mutatha maluwa.
Kuti muchite izi, mutatsika masamba onse, dikirani nthawi yomwe zitsamba zonse zimatembenuka chikasu ndi youma. Palibe chifukwa choti angadulidwe. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuthirira nthawi 1 pa sabata. Kutsirira kulikonse kumaphatikizidwa ndi kuvala pamwamba pamtundu wambiri ndi feteleza wazakudya ndi michere. Kumwaza masamba kutayiratu. Ndikofunika kwa ife pakadali pano kuti michere yonse yomwe imaphukidwe ndikuphuka imadutsamo mababu ndipo maluwa amphamvu amayikidwa pamenepo nthawi yamasamba yotsatira.
Mbali yakumwambayi itatha, kuthirira kumatha kwathunthu ndipo patatha milungu iwiri pakubwera kamphindi kuti tipeze masamba a maluwa. Kusiya m'dziko lomwelo sikofunika, chifukwa kwatha kale ndipo sikungalole mababu kuti azitha kupanga bwino mizu chaka chamawa.
Timachotsa dothi loumbika mumphika ndi kulikonza, ndikuchotsa mabalawo. Ana amayikidwa nthawi yomweyo pachidebe chothandizira kukulira mababu. Timasambitsa mababu akulu pansi pamadzi otentha ndikucheka mphukira mpaka 5cm kuchokera pa babu. Kenako timayiyika mumtsuko ndikuyidzaza ndi yankho losalimba la potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 30. Timatuluka ndikuwuma mu mpweya wabwino kwa maola awiri. Pakadali pano, timakonza moss kapena utuchi, kuwapukutira pang'ono ndikuwasintha kukhala thumba la pulasitiki. Pamenepo, kusakaniza ndi utuchi, onjezerani anyezi. Zonsezi zimayikidwa m'firiji kapena pansi. Kotero mababu amasungidwa mpaka kubzala kwotsatira.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungakulitsire kakombo mumphika kunyumba ndikukhala ndi chidziwitso pakuwongolera mababu moyenera. Onani zithunzi zina za maluwa okongoletsedwa:
