Currant - dona wodwala kapena chikhalidwe chokhala ndi mawonekedwe?

Chimodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino kwambiri m'minda yazabwinobwino ndi currant. Imatha kukhala yofiira, yoyera, yachikaso, yapinki, yakuda, yofiirira, komanso yobiriwira. Komabe, molingana ndi mawonekedwe a morphological, imagawidwa kukhala mitundu iwiri yokha - yofiira ndi yakuda, pomwe "mitundu" yotsalira ya currant ndi mitundu yawo ya mitundu: pinki, chikasu ndi zoyera zimatchulira zofiira currant, zofiirira komanso zobiriwira mpaka zakuda.

Mitundu yonse iwiri ya ma currants ndi a banja la a Kryzhovnikov, koma amasiyana mu chitukuko cha sayansi, chomwe chimasiyanitsa kuwasamalira. Ndiwo kusiyanasiyana komwe ndikupanga kuti tionenso m'nkhaniyi.

Mawonekedwe a mizu ya currant

Ngakhale kuti ma currants ofiira ndi akuda amakhala ndi mizu ya fibrous, wakale amakhala ndi muzu wamphamvu kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa mizu yapansi red currant (70 - 90%) ili pakuya kwa 25 mpaka 45 cm, ndipo mizu yokhayo yomwe imafikira mita imodzi. Koma mokhazikika, mizu yambiri ya kofikira wofiyira imakhala patali 30 mpaka 100 cm kuzungulira chitsamba, kutengera zaka za chomeracho. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mitundu ikhale yolimba kwambiri kuzilala, kuchuluka kwakukula pakati pa tchire pakubzala (kuchokera pa 1,25 mpaka 1.5 m pakati pa mbewu), kufunika kosintha pafupipafupi kwa mizere ya olimira (mbewu zokhala ndi mizu yopanda ngati mizu kupezeka kwa mpweya wabwino) ndi kuvala kwapamwamba kuzungulira kuzungulira kwa malo a mizu kuzungulira chitsamba.

Black currant umasiyana m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ogawa mizu mozama komanso m'lifupi. Nthawi zambiri amachokera ku 10 mpaka 35 cm molunjika kwawongoka (chachikulu yogwira mizu) ndipo osati onse kuposa momwe chitsamba chimakhalira. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake masamba akuda amadyetsedwa mwachindunji pansi pa chomera, amasungidwa pafupipafupi ndi kubzala patali - kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 1.25 mamita pakati pa mbewu.

Kudulira

Kudulira kofiyira kofiira ndi wakuda kumadaliranso pamakhalidwe omwe mbewuzo zimapanga, zomwe zikuluzikulu zimakhala nthawi yophukira masamba ndi malo omwe zipatso zimabalalika.

Ngati wakuda ndi mitundu yake imabala chipatso chachikulu pakukula kwa chaka chathandiye ofiira pa awiri-, nthambi zazaka zitatuNthawi yomweyo, mapangidwe ake azipatso ndi osatha ndipo amakhala okhazikika pamakulidwe a mphukira ndi mphete. Izi zikulongosola kutalika kwakutali kwa nthambi za red currant, pafupifupi zaka 5 - 8, komanso kufunika kosowa kwambiri kwa kudulira kwa kuthengo.

Nthawi yopanga masamba a zipatso za blackcurrant imangokhala zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu. Chipatso cha zipatso chimapangidwa mozungulira gawo lathunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, mphukira ikamakula, m'pamenenso makonzedwewo amapita kukayenda ndipo patatha zaka 4 mpaka 5, zipatso zimasiya. Izi zimafunikira kusamala kudulira kwa chitsamba chakakhungu ndikuganiza bwino popanga nthambi za mibadwo yosiyana pachaka.

Kuphatikiza apo, blackcurrant ili ndi mwayi wololeza mphukira zamphamvu zambiri zanthawi yayitali, chomwe chiri chifukwa chakukulira kwamphamvu ndikukula mwachangu kwa mbewuyo, ndikofunikira kuwachotsa pakapita nthawi, ndikungosiya gawo limodzi la nthambi zokhazokha.

Mwambiri, nthambi ya currant imapereka mu mbewu yoyamba 27% ya 100% ya mbewu zonse moyo, chachiwiri - 50% ndipo zaka zotsatila 13% zokha. Chifukwa chake, poyang'ana kudulira ma currants, simuyenera kuopa kupanga chitsamba molingana ndi malamulo ndikuchotsa mopanda chisoni chomwe sichidzabala zipatso zokwanira.

Izi ndiye maziko ofunikira kudulira ma currants, koma kodi mumayendera bwanji malamulo opangira chitsamba? Apa chomera pachokha ndi chidziwitso chabwino.

Mukadulira ofunikira ofanana muyenera kuyang'ana kukula kwa chaka chatha, ngati kuli kokulirapo, mpaka 30 - 40 cm, - nthambi iyenera kusiyidwa, popeza ili ndi mwayi wopanga mbewu yokhazikika. Ngati ndizochepa, 10 - 15 cm zokha, chotsani.

Blackcurrant dulani nthambi zonse zochepera zaka 3, komanso mphukira zambiri zan, ndikupanga chitsamba pafupifupi 9 mpaka 12 nthambi. Zotsalira ziyenera kukhala magawo ofanana mphukira zapachaka, mphukira za biennial ndikuwombera (zero). Izi zimalola chitsamba chakuthengo kubala zipatso zonse pachaka.

Ndipo, zoona, wofiyira, wofiira ndi wakuda, amachotsa nthambi zowonongeka, nthambi zomwe zimayikidwa mwachindunji pansi, ndipo mphukira zimayambira pakati pa chitsamba mpaka kumapeto.

Kutalika kwa kukula kwa currants m'malo amodzi

Pali zosiyana zikhalidwe ndi nthawi yomwe zomera zikuyembekezera. Ngati ma currant ofiira omwe ali ndi luso labwino laulimi amatha kukula ndikubereka zipatso m'malo amodzi kwa zaka 25-30, ndiye kuti currant yakuda imangokhala zaka 6-8, nthawi zina zaka 10. Komabe, zisonyezo zazitali kwambiri za mtundu umodzi wamtundu wina ndizofanana pachitsamba chilichonse, ndipo zimadalira kwambiri luso laulimi kuposa kuthekera kwachikhalidwe.