Marjoram ngati zonunkhira adadziwika kuyambira kale ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira kuwonjezera pazinthu zapamwamba komanso mbale zosiyanasiyana. Ili ndi zida zamankhwala zofunikira, zimapatsa anthu "thanzi komanso mphamvu zachikondi." Dziko lakwawo la marjoramu limadziwika kuti ndi mayiko a ku Mediterranean. Mukakula m'madera ena achikhalidwe, chikhalidwecho chimafuna luso lina losamalira. Pakadali pano, marjoram akugwira bwino ntchito zawo zachikhalidwe chobiriwira komanso zonunkhira bwino m'malo azotentha komanso nyumba zamaluwa. M'nkhani yathu, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muzidziwanso bwino za marjoram, kapangidwe kake, kogwiritsa ntchito pakuphika ndi chithandizo. Kuthekera kokula mu nyumba zanyumba zachilimwe poyera komanso kotsekedwa.
Kututa marjoram amadyeraMarjoram - udzu wakitchini
Kwa olima chidwi chamaluwa, timawafotokozeramunda wa marjoram (Chiyambi chachikulu) ndi wa banja bwino (Lamiaceae) M'makonzedwe akale, idali gawo la banja labuaceae. Kuphatikizidwa ndi mtundu Oregano (Chiyambi) Mitundu iyi ndiyofala kwambiri, ili ndi mitundu isanu ndi isanu ndi iwiri.
M'mayiko a Middle East, marjoram amadziwika ndi masinthidwe amesiya, mardacos. Ku Europe - monga chakumwera, udzu wa khitchini, udzu wa soseji, udzu wowotcha. Chifukwa chofanana ndi chakunja, marjoram nthawi zambiri amatchedwa munda oregano. Ma Synonyms amagogomezera kukula kwa marjoram, omwe amawerengedwa ngati zokometsera.
Marjoram (Maryami) natanthauzira kuchokera ku Chiarabu kupita ku Russia ndikumveka ngati "chosawerengeka" komanso fungo labwino la camphor lokhala ndi malingaliro a Cardamom komanso kununkhira kowawa komwe kumapangitsa phwando labwino lomwe akatswiri amasamalira kwambiri. Marjoram ndi wolemera kwambiri wamafuta ofunikira, omwe mu mlengalenga youma maluwa otulutsa maluwa amafikira 3.5%.
Kuphatikizidwa kwamafuta ofunikira a marjoram kumaphatikizapo sabinenes, phenols, terpinenes, terpineols ndi mankhwala ena. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti akatswiri opanga mankhwala sangadziwe kapangidwe kake ka chinthu, komwe kamanunkhira fungo lapadera la mbewuyo.
Kuphatikiza pa mafuta ofunikira, zonunkhira zimasiyanasiyana pazomwe zili ndi mndandanda wama mavitamini ambiri (A, B3, B6, B9, C, E, K), macro- ndi microelements (potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, sodium ndi ena). Marjoramu odabwitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma tannins, rutin, carotene, pectin, pentosans. Marjoramu amakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, mafuta, chakudya, fiber.
Marjoram (woyambira wamkulu). © Forest & Kim StarrZothandiza pa katundu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito marjoramu
Marjoram ndi msuwachi wokongola kwambiri. Yofunika kwambiri chifukwa imaphukira m'chigawo chachiwiri, nthawi zambiri yotentha komanso yopanda chilimwe. Minda yodzaza. Ngakhale mu shrub penumbra, inflorescence ya mitundu yazomera zamodzizo yazimiririka, ndipo pamwamba pa marjoram, njuchi ndi ma bumblebe amaimba nyimbo yawo kuti agwire ntchito, akutola ziphuphu zokoma, zochiritsa.
Kupanga kwa marjoramu kumangogogomezera kufunikira kwake ngati zonunkhira, zonunkhira komanso chomera chamankhwala, chodziwika bwino mu zakudya zamdziko komanso pharmacopeia yayikulu. Kuyambira masiku amakedzana ku Egypt ndi ku Roma, marjoramu anali amtengo wapatali ngati zokometsera zokometsera zatsopano komanso zouma zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (nsomba ndi nyama). Spice imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga soseji, pokonzekera zakumwa zingapo, kuphatikizapo zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi, ndi zotsekemera za tiyi. Ndi gawo la zosakanizika za tsabola, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika makeke, zimapereka kukoma kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana za ufa.
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, marjoram akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ochiritsira ndi azitsamba mu mawonekedwe a infusions, decoctions, malo osambira, mafuta odzola. Pambuyo pake, mankhwala a marjoramu adadziwika kuti ndi pharmacopeia yovomerezeka yochizira chimfine. Pakadali pano, decoctions a masamba atsopano ndi oma, masamba oyambira ndi inflorescence amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochita chiwindi, impso, matenda a shuga, ndi mitsempha ya varicose. Mafuta ndi infusions amachotsa mutu ndi kupweteka kwa dzino.
M'masitolo mumatha kugula udzu wouma ndi mafuta a marjoram. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta onunkhira, omwe amakhala ndi mafuta a marjoram chifukwa cha kusowa tulo, migraines, kutuluka kwam'maganizo, ndi mavuto amisala. Mafuta a Marjoram ndi aphrodisiac achilengedwe ndipo amalimbikitsa mphamvu za abambo.
Makapu 1-2 a tiyi wabwino wa marjoramu opaka bwino patsiku amathandizira kukokana kwamatumbo ndi kutsekula m'mimba, kusintha kusowa kudya pang'ono, kukonzanso kutopa kwa akuluakulu. Kubisa ndi kupukuta, kupumira ndi kutentha, malo osambira a tonic - awa ndi malo ogwiritsidwanso ntchito chomera chakumwera, chosapindulitsa pakulima ndi kusamalira.
Contraindication marjoram
Kumbukirani! Ikani marjoram mosamala! Yogwira mankhwalawa udzu ali contraindication. Matendawa amatha kuyambitsa mavuto. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali (kupitirira masiku 10 ogwiritsa ntchito kangapo patsiku) kumachepetsa kwambiri kupanikizika - ku hypotension, mutu umawoneka.
Mphamvu yamanjenje imaletseka, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi mkhalidwe wopsinjika. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito infusions ndi decoctions a marjoram zochizira amayi apakati ndi ana mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito marjoram pazamankhwala ndi kufunsa dokotala.
Kulongosola kwa marjoram
Garden marjoram ndi mtundu wa theka-shrub chilimwe. Unyinji wapamwamba pamtunda sotalika kuposa masentimita 50-60. Tchireli ndiwokhazikika ndi mphukira zambiri, zokutidwa ndi masamba ambiri.
Marjoram achoka padera, kwathunthu. Mawonekedwe a tsamba amatha kukhala kutalika, oblong kapena ovate-oblong. Kuphimba kwa masamba kwamaso kumapangitsa kuti chitsamba chija chibwere.
Maluwa a Marjoram amatengedwa m'miyezi yowoneka ngati mawonekedwe. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, oyera kapena ofiira-oyera ndi fungo lamphamvu lomwe limakopa njuchi, njuchi ndi tizilombo tina. Maluwa ataliatali, chimakwirira Julayi ndi August.
Chipatso cha marjoram ndi chipatso cha mtedza wa nthanga imodzi. Mbewu ndizochepa kwambiri, zochulukirapo. Kucha kumapeto kwa August - koyambirira kwa Seputembala.
Marjoram (woyambira wamkulu)Chiwerengero cha mayiko omwe marjoram amakula mu vivo, chimadziwika ngati chomera chokometsera, chamankhwala komanso chokongoletsera. Pamakhalidwe omwewo, imamera m'madera a Russia, pomwe mitundu iwiri ya maluwa a marjoram amalimidwa: tsamba ndi duwa.
Masamba a marjoramu - chitsamba, titha kubzala ngati osatha. Amasiyana ndi tsamba lomwe limakhala ndi maluwa, fungo lamphamvu ndi kukoma kowotcha. Maluwa ochepa. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imakula makamaka m'maiko akumwera kwa Asia. Ndi m'gulu la zomera zotentha kwambiri. Mwamtheradi salekerera kutentha pang'ono ndipo kale pa + 5 ° C amaletsa kukula, ndipo amafa ndi kuchepa kwina kwa kutentha kwa mpweya.
Maluwa marjoram ndi chomera chotsika pachaka. Tsinde limakulitsidwa. Amaluwa kwambiri, ndikupanga ma inflorescence owoneka ngati nthomba. Imanunkhira pang'ono kuposa tsamba. Chofala kwambiri ku gawo la ku Europe, komwe nthawi zambiri chimamera m'malo obiriwira, hotbeds ndi nyumba zina zamkati.
Garden marjoram amalimidwa ngati mbewu yokometsera ku Western Europe, komanso ku India, Egypt, Tunisia. Madera akumwera kwa Russia ndi mayiko a CIS, marjoram a m'minda amabzala ngati mankhwala komanso mafuta ofunikira.
Kodi kukula marjoram mdziko muno?
Zofunikira za Marjoram zachilengedwe
Marjoram monga chikhalidwe chakumwera amafunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, musanayambe kuswana marjoram, muyenera kusankha malo ake. Tsambali liyenera kuwoneka bwino. Palibe penumbra. Zosatheka ndi mphepo komanso kukonzekera.
Zofunikira pa dothi la Marjoram
Makamaka chidwi chake chikuyenera kulipira nthaka. Pansi pa marjoram, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito malo opanda udzu, dothi lamchenga / loamy lomwe limatentha bwino komanso mwachangu. Mokwanira zimaperekedwa ndi michere ndi michere. Pa dothi lodzala, ndikotheka kukonza zitunda zazitali pansi pa marjoramu, zodzazidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana - kuwala, madzi ndi kupuma, 1/3 yomwe ikhale ndi humus ndi kukweza kwapamwamba, magawo otsalawo - kuchokera pamtengo, dothi la sod, dimba la chernozem. Nthaka musanadzalemo mbande za marjoram imasungidwa mwachisawawa.
Feteleza chiwembu
Zopangira feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito usiku woti ubzale mbande pa 70-80 g / sq. mamita m'dera losaya (10-15 cm) kukumba. Pofuna kusokoneza mgwirizano pakati pa michere, ndizothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito nitrofos, azofos ndi mitundu ina ya feteleza wathunthu.
Marjoram (woyambira wamkulu). © Forest & Kim StarrKukonzekera kwa mmunda wa Marjoram
Ndiwosavuta kwambiri kukula marjoram kudzera mbande. Nyumba yobiriwira yaying'ono imakonzedwa momwe chinyezi cha mpweya chimasungidwa mkati mwa 60% ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya ndi + 22 ... + 25 ° ะก. Chinyezi chadothi chimakhala chochepa, popanda madzi ochulukirapo.
Kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, mbewu za marjoram zimabzalidwa mbande za greenhouse. Dothi louma kapena mchenga limazunguliridwa kuchokera kumtunda kudzera mu sume kutiotseka njere.
Mphukira za Marjoram zimawonekera m'masabata 2.0-2.5. Pambuyo kumera, mabokosi amasinthidwa ndikuwunika bwino pazenera. Mbande za Marjoram zimadzimbira mumiphika kapena zida zina pomwe masamba oyamba a masamba owona (omwe amaphatikizana ndikuyamba kwa Meyi).
Pambuyo pa Juni 15, masoka a masika akapita ndipo nyengo yotentha ikalowa, mbande za marjoram zimabzalidwa pamalo osatha kapena m'malo obiriwira.
Tikukula marjoram
Asanadzalemo mbande, dothi limathiridwa manyowa ndi kuthirira. Imani masiku awiri ndi atatu kuti musunthidwe.
Mbande zibzalidwe malinga ndi mapulani osiyanasiyana, zotsatirazi zingafotokozeredwe kwa iwo:
- kutalika kwa mzere umodzi ndi mtunda pakati pa mizere 40-55 cm ndi mzere 20 cm;
- matepi a mizere iwiri. Mtunda pakati pa matepi ndi 45-50 cm, pa tepi pakati pa mizere 20-25 masentimita ndi mzere pakati pa mbewu 15-20 cm.
Nthaka imakhala yonyowa mokwanira. Ndi kuyanika mwamphamvu dothi, mbewu zimafota ndikuyamba kufota.
Chisamaliro cha Marjoram
Kusamalira kufikira marjoram ndi motere:
- kumasula kosalekeza kwa dothi kuti muwononge kutumphuka ndi kupezeka kwa mpweya wabwino kumizere ndi mizu;
- pakuwonongeka kwa namsongole, makamaka masabata oyambilira mutabzala; pomwe mbewuzo zimawononga udzu wochepa pamanja; malowo ayenera kukhala oyera;
- pochita ulimi wothirira; kuthirira nthawi zonse kumakhazikitsidwa pamene dothi lamtambo louma; kutumphuka kwa nthaka kumawonongeka ndikumasuka; miyeso yothirira ndiyambiri; mbewu sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzaze;
- pakudya.
Kudyetsa marjoram
Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika masiku 20-25 kuchokera pakugulitsa mbande kupita kumalo okhazikika. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayikidwa pansi pa kuthirira, kenako ndikuthira mulching ndi mulch yaying'ono. Amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wathunthu, koma osapitirira 40-50 g / sq. m lalikulu.
Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba cha marjoram chimachitika musanafike maluwa. Gwiritsani ntchito phulusa la nkhuni kapena feteleza wokhala ndi zinthu zina (mwachitsanzo, Kemir). Phulusa limagwiritsa ntchito galasi, ndipo feteleza 40-50 g / sq. m.
Marjoram (woyambira wamkulu)Kukolola amadyera ndi ma marjoram inflorescence
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kuphika, idulani masamba angapo a marjoramu.
Pokulitsa, mlengalenga wa marjoramu umadulidwa m'magawo kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, ndikusiya chitsa cha 5-8 cm. Asanadulidwenso, mbewuyo imakula bwino.
Mukamakola zovala za marjoramu kuti mugwiritse ntchito yozizira, misa yonseyo imadulidwa nthawi yomweyo. Kudula kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti ndipo regrowth misa imadulidwa kumapeto kwa Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Kudula kumachitika malinga ndi njira komanso dera lolimilamo.
Pamaso kupukuta, udzuwo umatsukidwa masamba owuma ndi odwala, namsongole, ndi zinyalala zina. Amayala maukonde kapena kumangirizika ndi matumba omata, m'chipinda chouma komanso chopanda magetsi. Zinthu zouma bwino zimaphwanyidwa bwino ndipo mphukira zonenepa zimachotsedwa mmalo mwake, kusiya masamba ndi nsonga za inflorescence zokha. Zovala za Coarser zimasungidwa padera ndikugwiritsa ntchito malo osambira monga mankhwala.
Zonunkhira zowuma zimasungidwa ndikusindikizidwa kosindikizidwa. Zakudya zosindikizidwa zimasunga zopindulitsa ndi fungo louma la marjoram kwa zaka zitatu kapena kupitirira.
Wokondedwa Reader! Sitikukayikira kuti malongosoledwe a mtengowo, momwe zimathandizira zimapangitsa chidwi chanu pa chikhalidwe ichi, ndipo malingaliro omwe athandizawa athandiza kukulitsa chomera chodabwitsachi mdziko muno mu chipinda cha mankhwala kapena pabedi lina. Kuyembekezera ndemanga yanu. Tiyankha mafunso onse. Gawani zinsinsi zanu pakukula kwa marjoram. Tizamukondwa chifukwa cha kukambiskana pa chisambizu.
