Mitundu yokhazikika ya phwetekere, ndi chiyani?

Kuganizira thumba ndi mbewu za phwetekere, pamafotokozedwe mutha kuwona mtundu wa kukula kwa mbewu, zomwe zimatha kudziwa kapena kusakhazikika. Woyambitsa wamaluwa, mawu awa samveka bwino nthawi zonse ndipo samadziwika mukamasankha mitundu yatsopano. Phwetekere yodziwika kale yomwe yofesedwa pabedi osaganizira mtundu wa kukula imatha kukupatsa mbewu yolimba kapena chimango chopanda kanthu, chomwe chimakhudza phindu lonse. Chifukwa chake, funso likubwera: kukhazikika mkati ndikutsimikiza phwetekere, ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane mfundo ziwirizi.

Tanthauzo la mawu akuti kusiyanasiyana

Mawu oti "kudziwitsa" enieniwo amachokera ku liwu loti "kutsimikiza", lomwe m'Chilatini limatanthawuza kuletsa, chifukwa chake "kudziwa" kumatanthauza "kuperewera", ndi "kusakhazikika" - "zopanda malire".

Pokhudzana ndi mtundu wa kukula kwa phwetekere: chosinkhasinkha - ndi kukula pang'ono, kusakhazikika - kukula kopanda malire.

Kodi malire a tomato wokhazikika ndi otani? Kuletsa kwakukulu kwa chapakati kumachitika ndi bulashi la maluwa. Izi zimachitika motere: kumapeto kwa mphukira, mchiberekero chimapangidwa ndi zipatso, kenako nkukula. Kukula kwina kwa phwetekere kumachokera kwa wopeza mwamphamvu kwambiri pachifuwa cha tsamba.
Tomato wambiri samakhala ndi malire. Kukula kwapakati pawo kumachitika popanda choletsa ndi burashi wamaluwa.

Werengani komanso nkhaniyi: momwe mungakhinitsire tomato mu dzikolo?

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa tomato wokhazikika komanso wosakhazikika?

Zosakhazikika ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi tomato wodziwika bwino ngakhale maluwa ndi zipatso zisanachitike.

Mbande

Mbewu zikaonekera pakatha masiku 3-4, bondo la cotyledonary limawongoka ndipo mtundu wake ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira mosadziwika mtundu wa chitsamba cham'tsogolo. Mitundu yosakhazikika imakhala yayitali (masentimita 3-5) kuposa mitundu yotalikirana (1-3 cm). Komabe, popanda kuwala, mmera umatha kutambalala kwambiri ndikuwona chitsamba chiti chomwe chikhala chovuta kwambiri. Pa chithunzichi pali mmera wa phwetekere wosakhazikika, bondo lopondera ndilotalika.

Mbande

Mbewu ikafika zaka zofanana ndi bulashi yoyamba ya maluwa, mutha kudziwa mtundu wamtchire wamtsogolo. Tometeteni wa tomato amapangira burashi woyamba pambuyo pa tsamba 8-9 la tsamba komanso pamwamba, wokhazikika - pambuyo pa 6-7 a tsamba komanso pansipa. Chitsanzo cha mitundu yosakhazikika imawoneka mu chithunzi, pali masamba 9 enieni, koma bulashi limodzi wamaluwa.

Zomera zachikulire

Chomera chikabzala kalekale, chimakula bwino ndipo chimakhala ndi mabulashi angapo omangika ndi zipatso, ndikosavuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa masamba mpaka tsamba loyambira, chifukwa mbande zimatha kuzama ndipo gawo la tsinde limakhalabe mobisa.

Mitundu ya Indeterminate imayala maluwa kudutsa ma shiti 3. Tomato wozindikira pakati pa maburashi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi masamba osakwana 3.

Pabzala mitengo yokhazikika nthawi zonse mumatha kupeza mphukira yomwe kukula kwake kumayambira m'mimba; omwe amakhala mkati mwake samakhala ndi vuto lotere. Cholakwika chokhacho cha phwetekere wosaloledwa wofunsirayo zingakhale zomwe zimachitika, pakapangidwa chomera, pamakhala pini pang'onopang'ono mphukirayo itangotuluka maluwa ndikuwoneka kuti mphukira pa iyo yamaliza kukula. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusamala ndikuyika masamba pakati pa thumba losunga mazira ngati cheke.

Muchithunzichi mutha kuwona momwe mitundu yambiri yamkati imamera.

Amakhulupirira kuti tomato wosakhazikika amakhala ndi tchire lalitali, ndipo wokhazikika amapanga mbewu zomwe zimamera pang'ono. Izi ndizowona, koma pali zina.

Pali tomato m'malo obiriwira omwe amapanga mbewu zazitali, koma ali amtundu wa tomato, wopanga maburashi, masamba osachepera atatu. Awa ndi ambiri azowonjezera zanyengo zamakono. Palinso phwetekere yokhazikika yokhazikika yomwe ili ndi chitsamba chosakhazikika, mwachitsanzo, mitundu yodziwika mochedwa-yakucha Volgogradsky 5/95.

Chiwembu cha zitsamba zamitundu mitundu chimaperekedwa pamalowo.

Mtundu wamba suli wolumikizidwa konse ndi nthambi, mapangidwe opangira maburashi ndipo masamba ake ali ndi chitsinde chokhazikika chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yolimba ngakhale ndi zipatso zambiri komanso sizifunikira garter. Chithunzi cha mtundu wokhazikika wokhazikika wa phwetekere, chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa, chikuwonetsa momwe chitsamba chilili.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato wodziwika bwino

Gulu la mitundu yotsala ya phwetekere ndi mitundu inayi ya mbewu zomwe zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndikukula kwawo:

1. Zowerengera. Tomato uyu amatha kusokonezedwa ndi mkati komanso mtundu wamtundu wamtundu wa nthambi. Amachepetsa kukula kwawo atapangidwa ndi maburashi a maluwa a 10-12, koma amakhala ndi masamba awiri owona, koma akudutsa ndi masamba atatu. Chifukwa chake, akukhulupirira kuti mitundu yotsalira-yokhazikika imayala thumba losunga mazira mu masamba 2-2,5. Tsamba loyamba la maluwa limayikidwa masamba 7-8.
2. Kutsimikiza M'matomawa, kupangira maburashi kumangopezeka masamba atatu, ndipo 5-6 atakula, mphukira imamaliza kukula kwake ndi burashi wamaluwa. Kuyika kwa peduncle woyamba kumachitika pambuyo pa 6-7 la tsamba. Chithunzi cha mitundu yotsika ya phwetekere chikuwonetsa kuti kulibenso chisamba paphaka pambuyo pa ovary, ndikukula kumapitilira kuchokera pa tsamba la masamba.
   
3. Superdeterminant. Mitundu iyi ndi yanzeru. Maburashi amaluwa amaikidwa mumasamba a 1-2, ndipo atapangidwa mochulukitsidwa ndi zidutswa 4-5, mphukira imawoneka yomwe imalepheretsa kukula kwa mtengowo ndi peduncle.
4. Zopatsa chidwi. Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri komanso mitundu yokalamba. Amatha kupanganso maburashi a maluwa atatu okha mzere popanda mzere wa masamba. Kuthawa kumachepetsa kukula kwake mutapangidwa ndi ma peduncles a 3-4. Burashi yoyamba imawonekera pambuyo pa 5 a pepalali ndipo pambuyo pa pepala limodzi lotsatira limatha kupanga.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya tomato

Zabwino zake ndi izi:

• kuphukira koyambirira, popeza bulashi yamaluwa imayikidwa masamba ochepa kuposa masamba amkati, kucha kwa chipatso choyambirira kumachitika.
• kutulutsa kokwanira kwambiri, chifukwa cha kupaka kwa thumba losunga mazira kudzera masamba ochepa kuposa mitundu yokhala mkati, kuchuluka kwakukulu kumayikidwa pa mita ya tsinde ndipo kukolola bwino kumakhala kokwanira.
• zokolola zochezeka kuposa mitundu yamkati, popeza nthawi yomweyo zimamangirira maburashi angapo.

Zoyipa za tomatozi ndi izi:

• kuchulukitsa kwathunthu, chifukwa kukula kumachepera maburashi, chitsamba chimatha kumaliza kwathunthu ndipo chomera chimasiya kukula ndikuyamba kupanga thumba losunga mazira latsopano.
• pamafunika michere yambiri, chifukwa kupangira pafupipafupi maburashi, feteleza wambiri amafunika kuti apange mbewu.
• amafuna ntchito yochepa pakapangidwe kazomera, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa duwa, muyenera kuchotsa ma stepons ambiri osadzaza chomera ndi thumba losunga mazira.
• Kukhazikika kwa matenda mu chomera chodzaza ndi mazira, ndipo uwu ndi chikhalidwe cha mitundu yotsimikiza, kukana matenda kumachepetsedwa, motero, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oteteza thupi kumafunika.

Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi idawulula za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsamba, komanso zabwino ndi zovuta za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato.

Mtundu wa mapangidwe a phwetekere ozindikira

Chiwembu mapangidwe indeterminate tomato