Kukula zam'mimba zamkati ndi maluwa, muyenera kudziwa kuti panthawi zina zakulimba zazomera zimafunikira feteleza ndi feteleza. Nthawi yomweyo, musasokoneze feteleza wamaluwa wamaluwa ndi zitsamba ndi feteleza zomwe zakonzedwa mwachindunji kwa mitundu ya m'nyumba ndi zitsanzo.
Feteleza amapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- madzi;
- granular;
- kukakamizidwa;
- piritsi;
- ufa.
Zomwe zimapanga chidebe kwambiri mu mizu ya chomera ndi manyowa amadzi.
Zinthu zofunika za feteleza
Zomera za m'nyumba zamkati zimaphatikizapo:
- nayitrogeni, ndiye chinthu ichi chomwe chimathandizira kuti mbewu zizipanga nthawi zonse, ngati sikokwanira mu dothi, ndiye kuti kufota kwa masamba kumayamba, mitundu yawo imasintha;
- phosphorous ndiosafunanso, kutsika kwake kumachepetsa kukula kwa masamba, masamba amasintha mtundu wawo wowala kuti uzimiririka;
- ngati pali potaziyamu pang'ono m'nthaka ya mphika wamaluwa, mbewuyo sikaphuka konse kapena kuponyera inflorescence yaying'ono;
- kufota masamba azomera zam'mimba kumatha kuyambitsa kusowa kwa sulufule;
- Nthambizo zikafa pachimera pachomera, ndipo nduwira yonse korona yonse ikawoneka bwino, ndiye kuti mbewuyo ilibe calcium yokwanira;
- Zosafunikanso monga zinthu zachitsulo, molybdenum, magnesium, manganese, mkuwa ndi boron.
Z feteleza zonse zamaluwa amkati ndi nthambi zobiriwira zobiriwira zimayikidwa m'mitundu iwiri - organic ndi mineral.
Feteleza zachilengedwe zam'nyumba zam'mera
Ma organic ndi feteleza achilengedwe, omwe amatchedwa ma organic mankhwala a chomera kapena nyama. Izi zikuphatikiza kutulutsa ziweto, zitosi za mbalame (atsekwe, nkhuku, abakha, nkhunda), ma bogi a peat, ndi ma compost a mbewu.
Muli feteleza wachilengedwe kuti mumapezeka zinthu zonse zofunika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya, madzi ndi zachilengedwe zizikhala bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yolimba kwambiri. Zachilengedwe ndi nthaka yachonde yolowetsa feteleza wa mchere, kupanga mitundu yambiri yamagetsi yomwe imathandizira kukhazikitsa michere yopindulitsa.
Zopangira feteleza zamafuta amkati
Gulu la mchere la feteleza limaphatikizapo:
- feteleza wa nayitrogeni;
- potashi;
- mafosphoric feteleza.
Pali zosankha zosavuta, koma palinso zina zokhazikika.
Ndi magulu am'migodi omwe ndi othandiza pothira kuti zinthu za organic zitatha, dothi lomwe lili m'miphika limatha. Njirayi imakonda kutchedwa kuvala pamwamba.
Kudyetsa kwamtundu wamtundu pa nthawi yomwe mbewu ikukula komanso maluwa asanadutse ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudyetsa kosalekeza kwa maluwa okongoletsa ndi masamba okongoletsa.
Zomera zokhazokha zathanzi zomwe zimagwidwa ndi umuna. Ndi zoletsedwa kotheratu kuphatikiza manyowa pakumera, mbewu zomwe sizinakhalepo mizu mutabyala m'nthaka.
Mwa feteleza akufuna maluwa amkati, alipo ambiri omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka, koma amasungunuka m'madzi ndipo amapangidwira kupopera masamba ndi maluwa ndi mfuti yonyowa. Njira yothetsera vutoli imapakidwa madzulo kapena kwamitambo chifukwa chochepera kuwotcha masamba.
Feteleza wambiri wa nayitrogeni ndi monga:
- ammonia;
- calcium;
- sodium nitrate;
- urea
- ammonium sulfate.
Ma feteleza a phosphoric amagawidwa m'mitundu yosavuta komanso iwiri. Zosavuta zimakhala ndi phosphorous mpaka makumi awiri mwa mitundu yawo, ndipo mtundu wachiwiri umakhala wokhuta ndi phosphorous.
Mwa feteleza wa potashi mu floriculture, phulusa lamatabwa, potaziyamu sodium, ndi potaziyamu nitrate amagwira ntchito.
Pakati pa feteleza opangidwa ndi opanga zoweta, munthu amatha kupeza feteleza wovuta, yemwe amatchulidwa ponseponse, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zinthu zonse za mchere zomwe zimagwirizana, zothandiza pakukula kwa mbewu inayo kapena duwa lamkati, omwe ali feteleza wabwino kwambiri wazomera zamkati.
Ngati mbewu zakanyumba zikuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya feteleza, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe zimagwirizirana.
Pansipa pali chithunzi cha feteleza chomwe chimatha kuphatikizidwa chimodzi, chomwe sichikuvulaza mbewuyo ndipo sichimayambitsa vuto latsoka la mankhwala.
Feteleza malamulo opangira maluwa:
- kuchuluka kwa feteleza kwa nyama zamkati kumakhalanso koyipa, monga kuchepa;
- mbewu zimamwa feteleza bwino pokhapokha pakukula ndi maluwa;
- m'nyengo yozizira, kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kukhala kosowa chifukwa cha kuwala kochepa, chifukwa chomwe kuyamwa kwa michere kumachepetsedwa;
- sikofunikira kudyetsa komanso nthawi yayikulu;
- feteleza njira sayenera kuloledwa kugwa masamba, ngati izi zikutsimikizidwa mu malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito;
- kwa maluwa achichepere, kusasinthika kwa feteleza kumathiridwa mwanjira yocheperako poyerekeza ndi awo okhala kale;
- Nthawi iliyonse ya kakulidwe kazomera kumafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa feteleza wa mtundu wina: koyambirira, umuna wa nayitrogeni uyenera kuyatsidwa, nthawi ya maluwa komanso isanayambe ntchito ya phosphoric ndi potaziyamu;
- mutha kuthira manyowa isanakwane popanda kuthirira nthaka, ngati izi sizinachitike, mutha kuwotcha mizu ya mbewu.
