Beets yowutsa mudyo komanso micronutrient - ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Muyenera kudziwa matenda a beet: chithunzi chawo, malongosoledwe ake ndi chithandizo chake ndi chinthu chomwe wolima msungwi aliyense adzafunikira. Chifukwa chifukwa cha matenda, muzu mbewu zomwe zimatulutsa zimachepetsedwa kwambiri. Ngati simukuchita chilichonse, mutha kutaya mbewu 70%.
Pofuna kupewa kutaya, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro zoyambira zamatenda. Izi ziwathandiza kudziwa nthawi komanso kuchita zinthu zoyenera. M'pofunikanso kukhala ndi lingaliro la magwero oyambira komanso achitetezo opatsirana.
Zizindikiro za downy mildew kapena peronosporosis ya beets
Matendawa amakhudza beets m'chigawo chilichonse cha dziko lathu. Pa muzu wa chaka choyamba cha kukula, kupindika, kukula ndi masamba akuwonekera. Chifukwa chiyani beets yotsika imatembenuza chikasu mu beets? Chifukwa adakhudzidwa ndi mafangasi a spores, omwe amawoneka bwino pansi pamtunda pakunyowa. Chizindikiro choyamba choti masamba ayandikira ndi kuphimbira kwa masamba a masamba. Masamba omwe amakhudzidwa amayambira kukhala imvi, kenako amatembenuka chikasu, kuyanika kapena kuyamba kuwola.
Pambuyo pake, nthendayo imafalikira ku malo ogulitsira, masamba pamphepete, maluwa mapesi, perianth ndi mbewu. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kusonkhanitsa mbewu zaudzu wapamwamba pazomera zotere.
Mu nyengo imodzi, bowa amatha kutulutsa mibadwo ingapo ya spores. Ndipo chitukuko cha matendawa chimalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi chinyezi komanso kutentha kwambiri. Kuti fungus imere ndikuyamba kugawana, imafunikira dontho la chinyezi. Poyenera, nthawi yokhazikika yamasamba imachepetsedwa kuyambira masiku 8 mpaka 5.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi:
- Zomera zobzala zodzigwetsa zitatha kukolola;
- Wofesa muzu masamba chaka chino: kuchotsedwa m'mundamo, koma otsala mkati mwa malowo;
- Odwala muzu masamba chaka chatha, omwe adatsala pansi, ndipo chaka chino adadzipangira okha malo ogulitsira;
- Mbeu yopatsirana.
Zizindikiro za beetroot Aschitosis
Masamba otsika, oyambira amaphimbidwa ndi malo obiriwira obiriwira, omwe pambuyo pake amakhala a necrotic bulauni. Pakati pa malo a bulauni pali malo amdima ambiri - awa ndi kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kutsatira masamba, bowa umakhudza ma peduncle, mbewu za mbewu, ngakhalenso mizu yomwe. Pa nthawi yokhala ndi beets imodzi, bowa amatha kupereka mibadwo ingapo. Mitengo yowonongeka imafa msanga, chifukwa cha izi chitukuko cha masamba chimayima, ndipo zokolola za chiwembucho zimagwera osachepera 15-17%.
Ndipo ascochitosis ndi peronosporosis zitha kuthetsedwa kokha mothandizidwa ndi fungicides. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti muwone feteleza woyenera. Ndikofunikira kupanga kuti izilingalira zosowa za dothi ndi masamba omwe. Mlingo wa umuna suyenera kungokhala wabwino, komanso wolungamitsidwa ndi kufunika kwamizu.
Zizindikiro za cercosporosis: tizilomboto toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwalawa
Beetroot cercosporosis ndikowona kwa tsamba lomwe masamba oyambitsidwa ndi bowa wa pathogenic. Chaka chilichonse, matendawa amalepheretsa ambiri okhala m'chilimwe kututa kwawo kovomerezeka, chifukwa kumayamba msanga komanso mwamphamvu.
Mu ndiwo zamasamba zokha, matendawa amadziwoneka pokhapokha paliponse pomwe pali mawotchi ozungulira omwe amakhala ndi imvi. Malowa ali ndi malire a bulauni a necrotic. Danga lamatenda oyamba ndi fungus mpaka 6 mm. Popita nthawi, magawo a necrotic amaphatikizana ndipo tsamba lonse limakhudzidwa. Nsalu yotsika imagwera pansi.
Ngati sanatenge kanthu mwachangu, fungus ya pathogen imasunthika mwachangu kuchoka pazomwe zimakhalapo ndikukhala kukhazikika kwa chigawo chonse. Ndi kubereka kotero, pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kufa kwa nsonga zobiriwira zonse.
Njira zoyeserera matenda a chifuwa chachikulu ndi motere:
- Mankhwala othandizira kugawa kwa chakudya ndi beetroot Rex Duo ndi Abacus. Kuchuluka kwa njira zodzitetezera ndi malita 0,7 pa hekitala iliyonse.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu fungicides monga Abacus, Rex ndi Tango. Zomwe zimadziwika ndi kugwira ntchito kwakukulu kwa antifungal. Komanso khalani ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri ya chitetezo, mpaka kukolola. Njira imeneyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri poyambira kupezedwa kwa matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo;
- Kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcha mbewu zomwe zili ndi kachilombo. Zida zonse pakuwotchera ziwalo zokhala ndi spore zimachitika bwino kwambiri kunja kwa dera lawo, zomwe zingathandize kupewa kufalikira ndi fungus.
Kuchepa kwa beetroots ndi petioles: matenda kapena kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
Chifukwa chiyani beets ili ndi masamba ofiira? Izi nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa pawiri pakubzala mbande, komanso m'mabedi otseguka.
Poyambirira, zomwe zimayambitsa zimatha kukhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, m'malo mwa mchenga wamchenga, mchenga wamchere unasakanizika ndi dothi. Ndi poizoniyu, mbewu ziyenera kuikidwa pompopompo, ndipo mizu yake yanyowa ndi madzi.
Masamba obzala amathanso kukhala ofiira ngati feteleza owonjezerapo atawonjezeredwa ndi dothi losakanizidwa kale la fakitale. Ndi zochulukirapo za kufufuza zinthu - nsonga za mbande zimayamba kusanduka zofiira, kenako ziume ndi kufa kwathunthu.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati masamba ofiira a beets atawonekera kale poyera? Zomwe zingayambitse redness pamenepa zingakhale zambiri:
- Osakwanira kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa phosphate amayikidwa. Yankho lavutoli ndilophweka: ingowonjezerani zokonzekera m'nthaka.
- Kuchulukitsa acidity. The alkalization kapena makutidwe ndi okosijeni a dothi amalepheretsa kachiromboka kuti lithane ndi feteleza wofunikira ndi mchere. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwa mizu sikochepa, ndipo nsonga zake zimakhala ndi ubweya wofiirira. Zothetsera: thirani mkaka wa laimu pachimake, ndikuti "muchotse nthaka".
- Kuperewera kwa sodium. Yankho: pakutsirira kwotsatira, muyenera kuwonjezera mchere wa tebulo ndi madzi, muyezo: supuni imodzi ya sodium pa 10 malita a madzi. Mukayimitsa nyemba zoumbika, mutha kuwaza chiwembucho ndi phulusa la nkhuni, zomwe zingathandize mbewuzo kukhala ndi mchere wofunikira.
