Kwa anthu omwe atopa posintha mwachangu masamba obiriwira okongola kukhala achikasu, mavuto omwe amachitika chifukwa cha kusonkhanitsa kwapachaka ndi kuwotcha kapena kutaya masamba ndi kufunikira kwa kudulira kosalekeza komanso kwakachaka, cholinga chake kuti apange mawonekedwe okongola a mtengowo, tikulimbikitsa kubzala ma conifers, makamaka - pine wamba, zomwe tikambirana lero.
Zomera za ku Scots (Pinus sylvestris).
Pine, monga ma conifers ambiri, imakhala yokongoletsa chaka chonse. Pine wamba (Pinus sylvestris,, mwina woimirira kwambiri pa banja la paini, ndipo ilibe korona wokongola komanso wowoneka bwino, komanso gwero lamankhwala labwino kwambiri komanso labwino lafungo la pine singano.
Komabe, poganizira zabwino zonse za pine wamba monga chomera chokongoletsera, sitimawona kukhalapo kwa chikhalidwe ichi pachikhalidwe chilichonse. Zachidziwikire, ngati chiwembuchi chili chaching'ono - ichi ndi chinthu chimodzi, koma zimachitika kuti pazigawo zazikulu za paini wamba pazifukwa zina palibe. Mwina ndizosowa kupeza paini wamba pa chiwembu chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti ndizovuta muukadaulo waulimi, koma zenizeni zimakhala zolakwika.
Kufotokozera kwa paini
Pine wamba ndi mtengo wobiriwira komanso wobiriwira nthawi zonse. Ndi a banja la Sosnovy, lomwe limaphatikizanso larch ndi pseudolarch, mosiyana ndi mitengo ya payini, amaponya masingano omwe athera nthawi yawo pakukulira ndipo amawoneka oyipa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, nthawi yozizira komanso koyambirira kwamasika.
M'malo ake achilengedwe, Pine wa Scots amakula mwachangu ndipo nthawi zambiri amapitilira mamitala asanu. Pine wamba amakhala pamalowa kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri - zaka mazana asanu.
Monga mukudziwa, masamba a pine satero, amasinthidwa ndi singano kutalika kwa masentimita 6-8. singano iliyonse imaphatikizidwa pawiriawiri. Ma singano si amuyaya, aliyense amakhala zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu, kenako amasinthidwa ndi watsopano. Nthawi zambiri, singano zomwe zimapezeka korona kum'mwera zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimapezeka kumpoto.
Mafoni a pine wamba obovate, nthawi zambiri amatuluka ndipo amakhala ndi masikelo, pomwe mbewu zake zimabisidwa. Kumayambiriro kwawo, ma cones amakhala onenepa kwambiri komanso otsekeka mwamphamvu, koma popita nthawi, mamba awo amatseguka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbewu zacha m'makontena.
Kuti mumve zambiri za mitundu ina ndi mitundu ya pine, onani: Pine - mitundu ndi mitundu
Kukula kwa paini: kubzala
Nthawi yobzala
Mwambiri, osati pine wamba, koma ma conifers ena ambiri adabzalira bwino kwambiri mchaka (kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso koyambirira kwa Meyi), kapena kugwa (kumapeto kwa Seputembala komanso kumapeto kwa Okutobala). Mukadzala pine wamba pachimake kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, pamakhala chiwopsezo kuti sichingasinthe mwachangu pa chiwembu, choncho khalani okonzeka nthawi yozizira, ndipo mmera ukhoza kufa.
Kusankha Pine Pine
Ponena za paini wamba makamaka, ndi ma conifers ambiri, posankha kubzala zinthu izi, muyenera kungoganiza za kugula mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka, ndiye kuti, imayikidwa mumtsuko.
Ubwino wa mbande zotere ndizofunika kwambiri: kukulitsa bwino bwino mizu, yomwe sikunazunzidwe ndikuzisanjikiza, mtanda wokula bwino kuchokera pachidebe momwe muzu unakhazikikidwira - zonsezi zimalola kuti zibzalidwe pamalowo popanda vuto, komanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tofananira ndi pine wamba, yosungidwa pamizu ya mbande zoyikika mumbale.
Ngati, mukamagula mbande za paini, zomwe mizu yake imakulungidwa mu burlap wamba kapena matumba, mumatsimikiziridwa kuti mabakiteriya omwe ali pamizu ndi amoyo, musadalire ogulitsa amenewo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mabakiteriya opindulitsawa amafa patatha theka la ola mowonekera. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, pakukula kuchokera mu chidebe kulowa mu dzenje lobzala, simuyenera kuzengereza, mmera umayenera kumizidwa munthaka posachedwa mutachotsa mu chidebe, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukumba mabowo obzala pasadakhale podzala pine wamba kuchokera kumizu yotseka.
Sizothandiza, komabe, kuganiza kuti ngati mabakiteriya afa, mbande zitha, ndiye kuti sichoncho, mutha kubzala mbande wamba m'nthaka ngakhale atagona kale ndi mizu yoposa kotala la ola, koma pankhaniyi chiopsezo chakuti mmera suzu mizu m'malo atsopano adzakhala wokwera.
Kuphatikiza apo, posankha mbande ya pine mu nazale, osathamangitsa kukula kwake kwakukulu, koyamba, ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri (kuchokera pa $ 1,000 ndi pamwambapa), ndipo chachiwiri, okalamba akamabzala, ndiye kuti sangazike mizu m'malo atsopano kukwera kwambiri. Samalani ndi mbande za mitengo ya paini yazaka zisanu, zimatha ndalama zochulukirapo ndipo zimatenga mizere ingapo bwino.
Pine Wodziwika "Fastigata" (Pinus sylvestris 'Fastigiata').
Pine wamba "Waterreri" (Pinus sylvestris 'Watereri').
Pine wamba Albins (Pinus sylvestris 'Albyns').
Malo obzala paini
Pine wamba imakula modabwitsa ndikupanga chikhazikitso m'malo opaka bwino, koma imamveka bwino pamithunzi yosowa. Ngati pine wamba wabzalidwa mu mthunzi wathunthu, ndiye kuti imakula kwambiri pamenepo, imatha kumera umodzi kapena kupindika, chifukwa mphukira zake zimafikirira kuunikako.
Pambuyo pomwe malowa asankhidwa, muyenera kuyamba kupanga dzenjelo. Kukula kwa dzenje la paini kumatha kukhala mainchesi angapo komanso ozama kuposa chidebe, kotero kuti ngalande ndi dothi labwino zitha kuthiridwa kumakoma ndi pansi.
Mukabzala, yesani kusankha malo pansi pa mtengo wamba wa paini popanda kusungunuka kapena madzi amvula, chifukwa mbewu iyi siyilekerera chinyezi chambiri. Popeza tidakumbukira ngalande, onetsetsani kuti ili pansi pansi pa dzenje 4-6 cm, ikhoza kukhala miyala, njerwa zosweka kapena dongo lotukulidwa, zilibe kanthu.
Pamwamba pa dothi lokwanira, muyenera kuyikapo dothi losakaniza michere, lomwe liyenera kukhala ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi michere, lokomedwa ndi dothi la mchenga, mchenga wamtsinje ndi humus pazofanana zofanana ndi kuwonjezera kwa supuni ya nitroammophoska. Kuphatikizikaku kuyenera kusakanikirana bwino ndikuyika wochepa thupi wosanjikiza (2 cm ndiye mulitali) pazokumba.
Kubzala paini
Chotsatira, muyenera kusamala kwambiri kuti musawononge dothi, dulani chidebe ndikuyika nyemba zadothi ndi mbande za pine mu dzenje lokonzekera. Chinsinsi cha bwino apa ndikukhazikitsa mbewa mu dzenje, osakhudza dothi.
Mukabzala mtengo wa paini wamba, yesani kuyiyika mu una kuti muzu wa mtengo wa paini, chifukwa, ngakhale mutakhazikika panthaka, pamlingo wamtunda, chifukwa chake mutabzala, nthaka iyenera kukumbukiridwa bwino, kotero kuti ngakhale dothi likagwera, lingakhale laling'ono . Pamadothi otayirira, omwe amatha kukhazikika nthawi yayitali, mbande za paini wamba zimafunika kubzalidwe kuti khosi la mizu likhale pamwamba pang'ono pamwamba pa nthaka; Sikoyenera kudandaula: m'miyezi ingapo iye (khosi) adzafika chimodzimodzi pansi.
Mutabzala komaliza, mmera wa paini uzithiridwa ndi chidebe chamadzi pa kutentha kwa pansi ndipo pamwamba pake pamafunika kuwaza ndi peat kapena humus mu masentimita angapo kuti apulumutse chinyezi m'nthaka. Mukathirira, simungangonyowetsa nthaka, komanso kufinya korona kuchokera kutsitsi, musaiwale kuti conifers amakonda "kusamba".
Kukula kwa Pine: Chisamaliro
Za kuthirira, pine wamba, makamaka ali mwana, amafunikira kuthirira, kotero kuyanika dothi sikuyenera kuloledwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wa paini sugwidwa mopikisana ndi kuwala kowala ndi chisanu, chifukwa chake, shading ndi pogona ndikufunika, koma mbewu zachikulire, kuyambira chaka chachisanu, sizikufunika chitetezo chotere.
Kuthirira paini
Mitengo yothiridwira imadalira nthawi zambiri mmimba. Chifukwa chake, achichepere, ongobzala mitengo amafuna kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata. Pankhaniyi, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika ndi chinyezi chambiri, kuthira pansi pa mtengo uliwonse, kutengera kukhalapo kwa chinyezi chachilengedwe monga mvula, kuyambira ndowa imodzi mpaka zidebe zitatu (chilichonse). Zomera ndizokhwima kwambiri, ndiye kuti, chaka chotsatira mutabzala, mutha kuthirira kangapo nyengo yonse yotentha, koma pamenepa, kutengera kutengera kwa mvula yamkuntho mwanjira yamvula, kuyambira ndowa zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi zinayi zakumadzi zotentha . Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, musaiwale kukonza kuchokera pa mfuti ya sapoti korona wamba, amakonda kusamba. Kuthirira kuthirira, ndiye kuti, kuphatikiza korona pakokha kuyenera kuchitika madzulo, dzuwa litabisala kale patatsala pang'ono kulowa. Kusamba korona pine wamba kumatha kuchitika usiku uliwonse.
Mavalidwe a pine
Zomera zazikulu za paini wamba siziyenera kudyetsedwa, zitha kunenedwa, koma chomera chokha chomwe chokwanira ndi chomwe chingapange korona wabwino. Kwa mbewu za coniferous, ndi paini wamba pano sizosiyana konse, feteleza wabwino ndi kompositi (ndibwino kuti mubweretse mu nthawi ya masika). Musanagwiritse ntchito kompositi, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi pafupi-tsinde masentimita angapo ndikuwonjezera kompositi ndi dothi lomasulidwa, ndikugawa kompositi yokwana 150-200 g pa mita yayikulu, pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kuyiphimba ndi dothi laling'ono. Nyengo ikakhala youma ndiye kuti dothi musanagwiritse ntchito kompositi, koma mutamasula, ndikofunikira kuthirira bwino.
Ponena za kuvala pamwamba pamigodi, ndikokwanira kuzigwiritsa ntchito kamodzi nthawi yotentha, pafupifupi pakati pake, pofalitsa feteleza mu mawonekedwe owuma pamphepete mwa mbewuyo, ndikuthirira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, nitroammophoskos ndi feteleza wabwino wophatikiza paini wamba - muyenera kupanga bokosi lolingana ndi chomera chilichonse.
Chithunzi cha Scots pine pamibadwo yosiyana.
Kupalira kwa paini
Zozungulira (anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ndizotheka kuiwaliratu za mtengo wa paini mutabzala mtengo pachikhalidwe), koma kwenikweni sizili choncho. Mpaka pomwe mbewuyo ili ndi zaka zisanu, ndipo imaganiziridwa kuti akadali achichepere, thunthu la thunthu liyenera kukhala loyera - kumasula dothi, kuchotsa udzu, ndikuwiyika mutathirira. Namsongole pawokha, mwina mtengo wolimba bwino ngakhale atakula, sizingayambitse vuto lalikulu, koma tizirombo ndi matenda omwe amakhalamo amatha kufalikira ku mtengo wa paini, ndiye kuti muyenera kulimbana ndi mdani kale mdera lanu. Kuphatikiza apo, namsongole, ndikupanga ndowe zenizeni kwambiri, zomwe zimalepheretsa chinyezi kuchokera panthaka, lolani chinyezi kuti chitha kuzimiririka ndipo potero zimapanga malo abwino kwambiri oyambitsa matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Zachidziwikire, mukamagwiritsa ntchito udzu pafupi ndi thunthu wamba pine, muyenera kusamala - wowaza kapena khasu sangathe kukumba koposa ma sentimita angapo, apo ayi mizu yomwe ili pafupi ndi dothi la chomera ichi imatha kuwonongeka mosavuta. Mukamaliza dothi, mutha kuthirira ndikuwubalaza, mwachitsanzo, ndi humus - izi zimasunga chinyontho, ndipo kukula kwa udzu kumachepetsa.
Kudulira kwa paini
Pine wamba ikamakula ndikukula, zingafunikire kuti muchepetse. Pankhaniyi, kulima kumakhala kosinthika kuposa kupanga. Kudulira kwa paini ndikofunikira muzochitika zomwe, mothandizidwa ndi mthunzi kapena zina, korona adasandulika mbali imodzi kapena pomwe mphukira payekhapayekha ukupunthwa, kuphulika pazithunzi zoyenera (contour). Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuchotsa mosamala mphukira zonse zomwe zimachotsedwa pamtunda wamba ndi secateurs yosavuta, kuonetsetsa kuti koronayo amakhalanso wokongola komanso wokongola. Mwa njira, ngati kukula kwa paini kukucheperachepera, ndiye kuti mutha kutsina malekezero a achinyamata kukula mu Meyi, njirayi imatumiza michere ya pine wamba pakupanga kwa mphukira yotsatira ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa wochititsa wapakati, kuti mutha kutsitsa kukula kumtengo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kumapeto kwa mtengo, mtengo wa paini uyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino kuti udule, nthambi zowuma ndipo, ngati zikapezeka, zichotse nthawi yomweyo.
Kukonzekera kwaini kwa dzinja
Nthawi yomweyo zipatso zoyamba zikafika pansi, mutha kuthawira mitengo ya paini yobzalidwa pamalowo. Choyamba, muyenera kuphimba mizu ya mtengo wachichepere, kufinya miyendo yake, yomwe maziko a mtengowo ayenera kuyikiridwa ndi humus 9-11 cm cm.Mulching, pakati pazinthu zina, imasunga kutentha mu mizu ndikusunga chinyontho m'nthaka. Ngati mukukhala m'malo omwe nthawi zambiri mphepo yamkuntho ndi chipale chofeira zimachokera pafupipafupi kuchokera kumtengo wakutali wa pine, mphepo imawomba, ndiye pofunika kuti muziyika ma spruce paws pamwamba pa mulch wosanjikiza - osunga matalala abwino.
Samalirani chitetezo kuchokera pakutentha kwa dzuwa, komwe ma pine wamba amavutika nawo. Chiwopsezo cha kupsa ndi dzuwa chikuwonjezeka mpaka kufika kumapeto kwa chilimwe, dzuwa lowala litayamba kuwala. Kuteteza ana ang'ono a pine wamba kuti asawonongeke ndi dzuwa, ndikofunikira kuti mukulunga ndi nsalu zopanda nsalu.
Kulima paini: Kubala
Aliyense angathe kugula paini ku nazale, koma kodi mungathe kufalitsa nokha mumunda wanu? M'malo mwake, izi sizovuta, njira yosavuta yofalitsira paini wamba ndikubzala mbewu. Mu nthawi yophukira kufesa mbewu pabedi yokhala ndi dothi lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi m'ngululu imaphuka pafupifupi chilichonse (mpaka 91%). Komabe, ngakhale kumera kwa mbeu zochuluka chotere, palinso kutaya kwakukulu kwa mbande tikamakula mbande. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri chifukwa chaumbuli; chifukwa chake, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti ana ang'onoang'ono amafunika kusinthana ndikuthilira pafupipafupi, kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa pang'ono. M'chaka chachitatu chokha nthambi ya pine mmera imapeza mphukira ndipo pokhapokha imatchedwa chomera chodziimira payekha.
Mwa njira, mutha kukulira mbande wamba zapanyumba kunyumba. Kuti tichite izi, kumapeto kwa Januware, mbewuzo zimakutidwa ndi nsalu ndikuphikidwa kuti mbewuzo zikulungike pamenepo, ndiye kuti, iwo adakonzekera kubzala.
Pafupifupi mwezi wa Epulo, mbewu za paini zitha kufesedwa m'mabokosi okhala ndi dothi lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi, m'manda pafupifupi sentimita. Mutabzala, mabokosiwo amayenera kuyikidwa pazenera lakumwera ndikakutidwa ndi filimu mpaka mphukira zitawonekera. M'tsogolomo, asanatuluke, dothi liyenera kuthiriridwa kuchokera mfuti yolusa, ndipo mphukira zikangowonekera, filimuyo imayenera kuchotsedwa. Kusankha njira zokulira mbewu wamba za paini panyumba, muyenera kuphunzira kuti mumphika mbewu izi zimakula kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu ndipo zitatha zibzalidwe pamalowo. Poika mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti usavumbulutse mizu ya mbande, kuyesera kusamutsa mmera limodzi ndi chinyontho cha lapansi.
Ngati mtengo wamba wa paini wakula patsamba lanu, koma ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa omwe amapezeka kuchokera pamenepo, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito katemera wa kubereka. Monga katundu (mbewu yoti iperekedwe), muyenera kutenga mbande za paini wamba, wazaka pafupifupi zinayi. Katemera ungachitike ngati zodula (kasupe), komanso impso (pakati pa chilimwe).
Zomera za ku Scots (Pinus sylvestris).
Matenda a Pine ndi Tizilombo
Yang'anani paini pazowonongeka pamakungwa onse ndi singano, mwachitsanzo, kusintha mtundu, ndikofunikira, izi zitha kuwonetsa matenda.
Pine tizirombo
Mwa tizilombo ta pine, spruce-fir hermes amadziwika kuti ndiowopsa kwambiri, zochitika zake zimatsogolera kuti singano zimasanduka chikaso. Zilombo zamtunduwu ndizofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje loyera ngati chipale, lomwe limakwirira singano. Kuti tithane ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi tizirombo poyambira kuoneka.
Spruce wamba nkhono, - tizilombo timene timadya singano za paini mosangalatsa. Mwakutero, singano zimasanduka zofiira, ngati kuti zawotchedwa. Ngati pali tizilombo tambiri, ndiye kuti mphukira zazing'ono zimatha kukhalabe zopanda singano. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo, mungagwiritse ntchito Fufanon kapena mankhwala ena, mukutsatira mosamala malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito.
Tizilombo ta khungwa ndi kachilombo kakang'ono komwe kamakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 0.5. Chingwe cha nkhuni pamtengo wamba paini chimang'amba mazenera ndikutsalanso mazira m'malo awa, pomwe magulu onse a anthu omwewo amawonekera. Ndizowopsa kuganiza, koma ngakhale mtengo wakhungwa wakale ungawonongeke masiku 45-50. Ngati mukuwona mabowo mumatabwa a pine wamba, ndiye kuti mankhwala ophera tizirombo mwina sangathandize, kuwonjezera pa kuchiza pamtengowo ndi mankhwala atizilombo, mukufunikiranso kubayira mankhwalawo m'mabowo. Kufufuza kungachitike sabata iliyonse mpaka kufafanizika kwathunthu kwa tizilombo.
Mbande wamba pine.
Amphongo aamuna amakhala paini wamba.
Mafoni paini wamba.
Matenda a paini
Schütte wamba, - matendawa ali m'gulu la mafangasi. Ndi izo, poyamba pa singano mawanga mawanga amapangika, ochepa kwambiri mwakuti sangathe kuzindikirika nthawi yomweyo. Popita nthawi, mawanga amawonjezeka, amakula, amatembenuka chikasu, kenako ndikupeza mtundu wa bulauni, ndipo singano pakadali pano matenda amayamba kugwa. Pansi pa singano zokugwa pa nthambi za pine wamba, mutha kuwona mycelium, ali ndi mawonekedwe akuda amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuti muthane ndi matendawa, pamafunika kuthira mbewuzo ndi sulufule (supuni pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi, zomwe zimachitika kuti ndizomera za 2-3) kapena 1% ya Bordeaux yamadzi nthawi yachilimwe.
Ndipo, zachidziwikire, dzimbiri - ndiye matenda ofala kwambiri a pine wamba. Ndi matendawa pa mphukira mutha kuwona mawanga a lalanje ndi kutupa komwe kamafalikira msanga wonse ndipo mumatha kufalikira kwa mitengo ya paini yoyandikana. Ngati matendawa ali kale ndi mphamvu zokwanira, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chatsalira koma kudula nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa ndikuziwotcha, ndipo ngati mbewu yonse yakhudzidwa, duleni ndikuwotcha. Chifukwa chake simudzalola kufalikira kwamatendawo. Mwa njira zowongolera, mankhwalawa omwe ali ndi colloidal sulfure ndi Bordeaux fluid angagwiritsidwe ntchito, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Chifukwa chake, monga mukumvetsetsa: pine wamba akhoza kukhala mnzanu wodalirika m'moyo wonse, imakongoletsa malowa ndikuwapatsa mthunzi ndi mpweya wabwino, osakumasulani ndi masamba akugwa osawakakamiza kuti ayeretse. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, pineyo amakhalabe wachichepere komanso wokongola kwazaka zambiri, osati inu nokha, komanso ana anu, zidzukulu ndi zidzukulu zanu zidzakondwera.
