Ma nsabwe. Kodi kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwambiri?

Anthu amati: "Kuti mugonjetse, muyenera kudziwa mdaniyo payekha." Pofuna kuthana ndi nsabwe m'munda kapena m'munda, muyenera kudziwa kayendedwe kake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti musaphonye nthawi yomwe chidwi chambiri ndi tizirombo. Mwachitsanzo: ndizosathandiza kupopera mbewu mbewu ngati mazira atayikidwa kale. Amatetezedwa ku poyizoni, osagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zakonzedwa (samatafuna kapena kuyamwa juwisi kuchokera ku mbewu), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti saopa poizoni. Kukonza mbewu kumawononga. Ndikofunika kudikirira mpaka mphutsi zimaswa, kenako, mwa kupopera, tizirombo timawonongeka ndi 70-100%. Ndi mphutsi, kudya usana ndi usiku, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta kwambiri kuzomera.

Ma nsabwe pa rosebuds. © Dennis Wiss

Ma nsabwe (Aphidoidea) --wodziwika bwino wa tizilombo. Pafupifupi mitundu 4000 ya nsabwe za m'masamba imadziwika, pomwe pafupifupi chikwi amakhala ku Europe. Ma aphid onse amadya masamba amadzimadzi, ambiri ndi tizirombo owopsa azomera zobzalidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yambiri imatha kufalitsa matenda a chomera mu mawonekedwe a ma virus ndikupangitsa kusiyana kosiyana mu mbewu, monga ma gall ndi mawonekedwe a ndulu.

Ndikulingalira kuti ndilingalire za kutukuka kwa nsabwe za aphid ndikukhazikitsa magawo omwe ali osatetezeka kwambiri a mankhwalawa.

Mzere wa Aphid Development

Wachikulire womata wosanjikiza amaikira mazira panthambi ndi makungwa a mitengo, mphukira zosatha za zitsamba, kuyesera kuziyika pafupi ndi masamba, pamwamba. Mazira ndi oblong-oval, wakuda, mpaka 0.5 mm kutalika, owoneka ndi maliseche. "Podziwa" kuti kwatentha pansi pa chipale chofewa, njere zachikazi zimayika mazira pamipunda yoyambira ndi namsongole. Pakakhala chisanu pansi pa chipale chofewa, pafupifupi onse omanga amapulumuka. Aphid ndi nyerere "zoyeretsa nyumba" amasamalira mazira, kutola mazira mpaka kuphukira m'nyumba zawo zapansi panthaka, ndipo kumapeto kwa kutentha, kuyikira mazira pamitengo yakale, mphukira zazing'ono, kuzisiya masamba ang'onoang'ono.

Kuchokera mazira opindika, mibadwo ingapo (2-4-8) ya akazi opanda zingwe amakula, kubereka komwe kumachitika popanda amuna. Mu June-Julayi, mitundu yamapiko ya aphid yachilendo imawonekera. Aphidi amachoka, makamaka ndi mphepo yabwino, mpaka 25 km, kukhazikika mu mbewu zomwezo. Izi ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, koma palinso mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yoyenda bwino. Amayamba kutukuka kwa kasupe wamkulu, ndikubwera kwa mitundu yamapiko m'chilimwe amawulukira ku nazale (wachiwiri wolandila) - mbewu zamasamba osiyanasiyana, namsongole, mbewu zamasamba ndikubwerera nthawi yophukira kuti adzaikire mazira kwa wamkulu. Kugwa, mutatha, nsabwe zazikazi zimayikira mazira achisanu.

Chiwerengero! Mkazi aliyense amadzikira mazira 100 nthawi yozizira. Mwa awa, azimayi 100 amapezeka, omwe amakula m'masabata 1.5-2.0 ndikugona mazira 100 aliyense. Mukukula, mkazi m'modzi amatha kuchulukitsa tizilomboti mpaka 15-20 masautso pachaka.

Chifukwa chake, nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala ndi nyengo zitatu zosatetezeka kwambiri pamene kuwonongeka kwawo kudzapangitsa kuchepa kwa tizirombo tambiri m'mundamo: kusamalira bwino nyengo yophukira nyengo yachisanu, nthawi yothawirako ya akazi okhalamo, mawonekedwe amphongo amuna obwerera kwawo. Izi sizitanthauza kuti kwa nthawi yonseyi simufunika kukongoletsa mitengo. Kubadula kumachitika pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse ndikuchiza mitengo ndi zitsamba, motsatana. 3 yosankhidwa nthawi - kuwonongeka kwakukulu, panthawiyi chidwi chachikulu ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa chithandizo chazomera ndikofunikira.

Aphid Moyo Wazungulira

Kupewa kwa Aphid

Autumn yokonza dimba nthawi yachisanu

Chotsani udzu wonse pansi pamakona amitengo, dulani masamba oyambira, chotsani kunja kwa mundawo ndikuwononga kapena kuwatumizira kudzenje la manyowa.
mabatani otchinga ndi nthambi za mitengo yokhala ndi matope okonzedwa mwatsopano ndi kuphatikizira kwa mkuwa wa sulfate, dongo, guluu wa PVA. Chapakatikati, maswiti amabwerezedwanso kumapeto kwa February-March. M'chilimwe, ndibwino kuti musayeretse mitengo kuti isasokoneze ubale wothandizika ndi adani achilengedwe ndi nsabwe zina,
M'nyengo yozizira, munthawi yanu yaulere, yang'anani mawonekedwe a malo obzala ndikulanda mbewu zamaluwa monga poppy, nasturtium, cosmea, chamomile, mallow, chrysanthemums, Yerusalemu artichoke ndi mpendadzuwa kuchokera ku mbewu zamunda, ndi viburnum ndi linden kuchokera ku mbewu zamitengo, kutali ndi munda (ndi munda nawonso). Awa ndiwo malo okondedwa a nsabwe za m'masamba. Kuchokera kwa currants, jamu ndi zipatso zina, chotsani zikhalidwe za zonunkhira-zonunkhira, saladi, chicory,
M'nyengo yotentha, onongetsani anthyl komanso nthawi yophukira, chisanu chisanachitike, kukungeni ambiri ndikudzaza ndi yankho kapena madzi okha.

Aphid mazira pachomera. © Joseph O'Brien

Kubadwa kwampweya m'masamba. © Shipher Wu

Mawonekedwe a mapiko a Green Rose Aphids (Macrosiphum rosae). © Bernard DUPONT

Ntchito yamasamba yoteteza mbewu ku nsabwe za m'masamba

Chisanu chikangogwa, onetsetsani mbewuzo m'mundamo, onetsetsani kuti mwatola zitsulo, chotsani zinyalala.
Zomwe zapezedwa, zomwe zimasungidwa nthawi yophukira, ziyenera kuwonongeka. Ndi maonekedwe a nyerere zoyambirira pamtengowo, bwerezani kuthimbirira ndikuthira mitengo ndikukonzekera.
Konzani malamba oti asodzi akhathamiritsidwa ndi ufa kapena matope. Ikani guluu wapadera pamavuto ndikumata lamba wokusaka. Nyerere sizitha kuthana ndi zotchinga ndikufa, limodzi ndi mazira aphid.
Aphid ndi zoyipa chifukwa chodabwitsa. Mitundu yoposa 4000,000 ya nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zochuluka sizimavulaza imodzi, koma zikhalidwe zingapo. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kufalikira kwa masamba kusanayambe, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kupopera mbewu zonse zamitengo yazipatso ndi njira za nikotini sulfate kapena nitrophene pa mlingo womwe umalimbikitsidwa mu cholembera chofotokozera. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ena amakono omwe ali m'dera lanu.
Popeza mabulosi amapanga mbewuzo kale (raspberries, currants, gooseberries, ndi zina), musanayambe masamba kuti mutulutse, mugule m'madzi otentha (madigiri 70-80) opanda mankhwala oopsa.
Munthawi ya masika-nthawi yachilimwe, musamadye mbewuzo ndi nayitrogeni. Kukula kwamphamvu kwa achinyamata kwamasamba kumapereka ma aphid ndi moyo wabwino, pomwe masamba otanuka ndi mphukira zazing'ono zokhala ndi khungu lowala silingawapeze.
Panthawi imeneyi, kuthirira bwino kwambiri ndikumwaza. Idzachotsa dzenjelo, lomwe limakopa nyerere, mazira aphid, ndi aphid yokha, yomwe ikagwera pansi, imafa. Palibenso chifukwa chobwezeretsanso mitengo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Lekani kuthirira ndikumwaza ndikusinthira pansi pokhapokha maluwa, kuti musanyowetse mungu.

Ntchito yotentha

Ndi masamba ophukira, masamba otupa ndi maluwa akuyamba, amapanga makonzedwe achilengedwe a mitengo ndi zipatso. Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana nsabwe za m'masamba, ndipo tizirombo tina timalumikizana nawo m'chilimwe, kuchuluka kwa chithandizo kungathe kuchepetsedwa ngati kuchitidwa ndi zosakanikirana zam'mimba zophera tizilombo.

Nsabwe za chomera. © Mike Simpson

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma aphid olamulira

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Kukonzekera kwa mankhwala (tizirombo) pogwiritsa ntchito ma aphid ndi tizirombo tina timagawika m'magulu atatu:

kachitidwe
matumbo
kulumikizana.

Ngati muphatikiza mankhwala a mitundu yonse yodziwikiratu ndi osakaniza tanki, ndiye kuti kupsinjika kwa 3 (katatu) kokwanira kudzakhala kokwanira:

musanayambe maluwa mu gawo loyambira kuphukira,
pambuyo maluwa mu gawo la isanayambike kukula kwa thumba losunga mazira,
Masiku 25-30 asanakolole.

Kumbukirani, mankhwala opha tizilombo sapha tizirombo tokha, komanso othandizira - mbalame, tizilombo tothandiza, komanso zimawonongera mabanja ndi nyama. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha tizirombo amachotsedwa pamizimba patatha milungu itatu. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso kale kuposa nthawi yodziwikiratu ndizoletsedwa.

Zopangidwa ndi mankhwala opanga ma aphid

Tizilombo todziwika bwino tomwe timayambitsa chiwonongeko mwachangu ndi masewera, karbofos, intavir, actara, cheche, tanrek, wamkulu ndi ena angapo. Mndandanda wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ovomerezedwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito amathandizidwa ndikuwonjezera pachaka. Itha kupezeka m'mabuku ndi zolembedwa. Mu malingaliro, kuphatikizapo mawonekedwe, chikhalidwe ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito, nthawi ya kupopera mankhwalawa imaperekedwa.

Gwirani ntchito ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo pamavalidwe oteteza, magolovu, magalasi ndi chopumira. Agwiritseni ntchito pokhapokha malinga ndi malingaliro anu. Kuchulukitsa kwa mankhwalawa, kuchepetsa nthawi yodikirira mpaka chithandizo chotsatira sichikupereka zotsatira zabwino. Podziwa zovuta zawo paumoyo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwachilengedwe m'minda yaying'ono ndi mabulosi.

Zomera zotere

Zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yodziwitsa za masiku 10-15, koma sizowopsa kwa anthu, mbalame ndi nyama ndipo zimatha kuthiliridwa ndi mbewu mpaka nthawi yokolola, yomwe ndiyabwino kwambiri pazomera zamitundu yambiri. Pambuyo pokonza mbewuzo ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, zipatsozo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya kwa masiku atatu.

Ma bioinsecticides omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri ndi monga bitoxibacillin, acarin, spark-BIO ndi ena. Maziko awo ndikukhala tizilombo opindulitsa (magulu osiyanasiyana a bowa, mabakiteriya). Bioinsecticides amagwira ntchito osati poteteza mbewu kuchokera ku nsabwe za m'masamba, komanso tizilombo tina. Kutalika kwa bioinsecticides ndi masiku 10-20 motero kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kubwerezedwanso. Koma zinthu zachilengedwe izi sizovulaza kwenikweni kwa akuluakulu, ana, nyama, mbalame komanso tizilombo tothandiza. Mitengo yowonongera komanso kukonza nthawi ikuwonetsedwa pamaphukusi kapena pazoyenderana.

Bioinsecticides omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale nthawi yamaluwa amaphatikizapo bioinsecticide trichopolum (mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito ku pharmacology yovomerezeka ngati mankhwala ochizira mabakiteriya). Pakupopera, sungunulani mapiritsi 20 mu 10 l a madzi. Yogwirizana ndi zinthu zina zambiri zachilengedwe, komabe imafunikira kuyesa kuyenderana. Trichopolum imatha kuthilidwa osati mitengo ndi zitsamba zokha, komanso mbewu zamasamba (tomato, nkhaka, katsabola, ndi zina). Kutalika kwa ntchito kumachepera ndi mpweya, koma mvula itangotha, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumatha kubwerezedwa. Mutha kugwira ntchito ndi yankho popanda kuvulaza. Mankhwalawa ndiwodabwitsa chifukwa amawononga matenda oyamba ndi mbewu nthawi yomweyo monga tizirombo.

Wachilengedwe "" muvi " m'mapangidwe ake muli bitoxibacillin. Yoyenera kukonza mbewu zonse za m'munda, dimba ndi wowonjezera kutentha. Mankhwala achilengedwe, kuwonjezera pa zoyipa zomwe zimachitika m'masamba ndi tizirombo tina, ndizovalanso bwino pamtunda wowonjezera kutentha ndi mbewu zam'munda. Kutalika kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi masabata awiri, pambuyo pake mankhwalawa amayenera kubwerezedwa. Kukonzekera yankho mu 10 l madzi kusungunula 50 g ya kukonzekera kwa ufa, sakanizani bwino. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzosakaniza za tank mukamayang'ana ngati zikugwirizana.

Chitetezo chaumunthu pokonza mbewu ndizochepa magalasi ndi magolovesi. Spray imatha kuchitika maluwa. Nsabwe zimafa mkati mwa masiku awiri. Zachilengedwe zimavomerezeka kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kukolola. Nthawi yodikirira ndi masiku 5-6, pomwe zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimatha kudyedwa. Kuphatikiza pa ma bioinsecticides omwe atchulidwa komanso kufotokozedwa pamwambapa, zinthu zatsopano zatsopano zopangira zinthu zachilengedwe zimawonekera chaka chilichonse. M'mabanja, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ena ali osavomerezeka.

Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala othandizirana ndi mankhwala othandizira tizilombo, njira zina zochotsera kachilombo koyipa zingaperekedwenso.

Ngati mungaganizire kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothanirana ndi wowerengeka kuti athane ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizirombo tofananira, muyenera kukonzekera zofunikira zina mukugwa: anyezi huski wokhala ndi mitu yosafunikira, adyo, nsonga za mbatata, mizu ya dandelion, phulusa, sopo ochapira. Ngati banja lili ndi ana, simungagwiritse ntchito infusions ndi decoctions azitsamba owopsa. Izi infusions ndi poizoni osati tizirombo wa m'munda mbewu, komanso anthu.

Kuchokera pazithandizo zakunyumba, mutha kulimbikitsa:

Phulusa ndi sopo. 2-3 makapu a phulusa kutsanulira 10 malita a madzi ofunda, kunena kwa masiku 2-3, kupsyinjika, kusungunuka mu yankho chidutswa cha sopo yochapidwa bwino ndi kuwaza pa budding wa zipatso ndi mabulosi.
Kulowetsedwa kwa Garlic Dandelion. Odulidwa bwino dandelion mbewu (zobiriwira misa ndi mizu) ndi mitu ya adyo, 400 ndi 200 g, zilowerere mu 10 l a madzi ofunda. Siyani kusakaniza kuti mupeze kwa maola 2-3, kupsyinjika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu gawo la maluwa kutulutsa maluwa ndikatha maluwa.
Anyezi mankhusu ndi adyo (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitu) wowaza bwino, kuthira madzi ofunda. Siyani kwa masiku awiri. Pukusani, kuchepetsa yankho lake katatu ndikugwiritsira ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ndikusintha misa yozama kuti ikhale kompositi.

Pali maupangiri mazana otere pa intaneti, koma samalani. Panyumba simungathe kuphika mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala oopsya ochokera ku zitsamba zapoizoni (hemlock) ndikuwapaka ndi chikhalidwe. Wina m'banjamo amatha kudya zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba ndikupatsidwa poizoni.

Aphid ndi tizilombo tofatsa ndipo salola fungo lamphamvu lonunkhira. Fennel, adyo, marigold, timbewu timawopseza tizilombo, ndipo petunia, mallow, begonia, nasturtium imamukopa ndi fungo lawo. Choyamba chodzalidwa m'mipata yam'mphepete mwa mabedi, chachiwiri - kupita. Kununkhira kwamtundu wokongola kudzakopa nsabwe za m'masamba. Koma kugwa, mlengalenga mwa maluwa omwe amatulutsa maluwa amayenera kuwonongedwa, chifukwa ma aphid ali ndi ovipositions awo achisanu. Mwa njira, viburnum, mbalame chitumbuwa, linden ndi zinthu zokongola kwambiri za aphid-okhala. Gwiritsani ntchito kutali (kuchokera ku dimba ndi dimba) malo obzala.

Anthu amati - popanda nightingale, kasupe ndi wosauka, ndipo munda wopanda mbalame ndi wamasiye. Kongoletsani dimba lanu ndi nyumba zosungira mbalame, za ma ladybugs (adani oyipitsitsa a aphid), kufalitsa calendula. Kwa zingwe zopota, maukonde, mavu, kachilomboka pansi ndi tizilombo tina, chitowe, parsley, marigold, umbilicus, katsabola, korona ndizoyenera. Chemistry yocheperako idzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mundamo, zisa zamfumu zambiri, ma warblers, ma tepi, ma cartta, azikuwoneka, omwe angakuthandizeni kukonzanso dimba la tizirombo. Chisankho ndichanu - kukhala paubwenzi ndi chilengedwe komanso osaziphatikiza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena kukhala nokha m'munda wopanda, "wakufa".