Maluwa a Crocus: Kukula kunyumba, kubzala ndi chisamaliro

Nthawi yozizira ikamazizira mdziko kapena mu nyumba yazipinda zamaluwa, maluwa okongola a crocus amapereka zambiri zabwino. Ngati simukukonda chomera ichi, ndiye muyenera kudziwa malamulo oti mubzalire ndikuusamalira. Amithenga a masika awa amatha kukula osati poyera, komanso kunyumba pawindo. Kuchokera munkhaniyi muphunzira momwe zingapangire kuti crocus itheke panyumba pa Tsiku la Chaka Chatsopano kapena Tsiku la Valentine.

Za mbewu

Maluwa awa a banja la irisAmakula pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Chopanga chochuluka pachikhalidwe ichi ndi choyenereradi nyengo yachisanu kutchire, kuti poyambira dzuwa litulutse m'ndende momwemo maluwa okongola. Amaphuka osachedwa, kufota patapita masiku angapo, masamba a chomera ichi amatha kupitirira mpaka pakati pa mwezi woyamba chilimwe, ndiye kuti nthawi yotsika imayamba. Nthawi imeneyi, wamaluwa amafukula mababu kuti akane ndikubzala m'malo atsopano.

Chikhalidwe ichi, kuwonjezera pa cholinga chake chokongoletsera, chimakhala ndi mtengo wofunikira. Zovuta za maluwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ophika ngati zonunkhira. Amatchedwa safroni. Kusamalira mamba?

Crocuses: Kulima ndi kusamalira kutchire

Kuti maluwa okongola awa azikhala opusa komanso okongola, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungawasamalire, kufalitsa, kubzala. Mukakulitsa kutchire Pali malamulo a mitundu iyi:

• Masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri ya chikhalidwe ichi. Mtundu uliwonse wamaluwa nthawi imodzi, motero muyenera kudziwa malamulo obzala. Chifukwa chake, ngati maluwa amatulutsa mchilimwe, amadzalidwa m'dzinja, ngati nthawi yophukira, kenako masika.
• Maluwa amakonda nthaka yachonde komanso yopepuka, safuna kuthirira pafupipafupi, chifukwa ngati dothi limakhala lolimba kwambiri, muyenera kulithira ndi mchenga ndi manyowa.
• Ma Crocuses amafunikira magetsi abwino. Ngati mwakula muzoyenera, chomera chimathokoza ndi maluwa akuluakulu. Imatha kukhala pachimake pamalo oyera, koma imaphuka bwino chifukwa cha duwa lomwe limakhala lotetezeka.
• Pamaso mbande, muyenera kuyang'anira chinyontho cha dziko lapansi. Chikhalidwe chikakula ndikumera, chomera chimayenera kuthiriridwa bwino. Kenako mbewuyo silingafunikire kuthirira, dothi lidzafunika kuti lizinyowa pokhapokha ngati dothi louma.
• Ngati dothi ndi lachonde ndipo maluwa akukula mmenemo kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndiye kuti simukufunika kudyetsa. Kuthira manyowa ndikofunikira pakagwidwe kakang'ono kamene kamadzala pamtundawu kwa chaka choposa chaka chimodzi.
• Dyetsani dziko lapansi katatu. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe chomera chikadyetsedwa zikamera, chachiwiri pambuyo poti mawonekedwe a ovary a maluwa ndi omaliza, pomwe chikhalidwecho chimazimiririka. Feteleza ayenera kukhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu kumafunikira mmera munthawi ya kukula ndi mababu, phosphorous imakhala ndi phindu pa mapangidwe a maluwa ndi maluwa.
• Mababu amabzalidwa malinga ndi kukula kwake. Zomera zazing'ono zimabzalidwa mpaka 5 cm, zazikulu zimayikidwa m'nthaka mpaka 12 cm.Payenera kukhala mtunda woposa masentimita 5 pakati pa mbewu, koma gawo lochepera la 3 cm limavomerezedwanso ngati silinakonzekere kumera m'malo atsopano.

Kusamalira a Crocus, monga momwe tikuwonera pamwambapa, sikovuta kwambiri. Ngati kufalikira kwatsopano sikukonzekera, ndiye mutangomaliza maluwa, kokha Chotsani nthaka yakufa. Ngati mbewu ikukhala mu nyengo yovuta, ndikofunikira kuphimba mababu ndi masamba kapena udzu wouma nthawi yachisanu. Thirani ndikuchitika motere: pakati pa chilimwe, mbewu zimakumbidwa, kusanjidwa ndikusungidwa malo osungika bwino ndi kutentha kwabwino kwa madigiri 18 - 20, komwe zimakhalapo mpaka kubzala.

Ma Crocuses amatha kumera limodzi ndi mababu ena. Mu bedi limodzi, tulips, daffodils ndi bulbous wina atha kukhala pafupi nawo. Popeza zimaphukira nthawi zosiyanasiyana, munda wanu wamtsogolo uzikhala pachimake nthawi zonse. Kuti muchite izi, mu kugwa amabzalidwa molingana ndi dongosolo la kuyika malowa.

Kusankhidwa kwa babu

Kuti maluwa akule bwino, muyenera sankhani mababu mosamala. Ndikwabwino ngati zinthu zomwe mbewuyo ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolima, imagulitsidwa m'misika yamaluwa. Mwa zina zomwe amazolowera kwambiri kuzizira mdziko lathu, ma hybrids achi Dutch amawonekera. Amapirira kusintha kwamphamvu kwa kutentha ndi kusangalatsa kwamaluwa abwino.

Mukamasankha mababu, muyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi lamulo limodzi losavuta: ngati chodzala chili chachikulu, ndiye kuti maluwa adzaphuka akulu, ambiri amachokera ku chitsamba chimodzi. M'matumba a ma hybrids achi Dutch omwe adawonetsedwa 10+, kotero mababu okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita khumi adalembedwa. Kuchokera pankhaniyi chitsamba champhamvu chimapangidwapaiwo masamba akuluakulu a 5-6 adzamangidwa. Mababu okhala ndi chizindikiro cha 8-9 masentimita amapereka maluwa 2-3. Zinthu zosankhika monga kubzala zimatha kubereka maluwa ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 7 cm, pomwe tsinde limakhala lokwanira 20 cm.

Kukula

Maluwa amenewa amakula kwambiri panyumba chifukwa choti mbewuyo imatha kuphuka tchuthi china. Konzekerani kuphuka Chaka Chatsopano, Tsiku la Valentine kapena Marichi 8. Njira yapadera yokhometsera mbewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kukula kwa Crocus kumafunika yotakata osati yakuya kwambiri. Onetsetsani kuti mwapanga mabowo akuluakulu oyikapo pansi kuti muchotse madzi ochulukirapo. Njerwa yophwanyidwa kapena zotsalira za matailosi zimakwanira ngati ngalande, zimayikidwa pansi pamphika. Timayika thireyi pansi pa beseni kuti tipeze chinyezi. Gawo laling'ono la crocus lifunika mchenga kapena loam sandy. Sikufunika kuthira dothi. Kupanga duwa lambiri la mababu, timawabzala limodzi. Kuti mukonzekere maluwa pa nthawi yake, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yowabzala. Kubzala kumachitika masabata 16 tchuthi chisanachitike.

Mutabzala, timatumiza potoyo kwa masiku angapo kumalo ozizira komanso amdima. Crocuses wakula pa kutentha kwa madigiri 5 mpaka 9. Nthawi zambiri, cellar imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga izi, chifukwa imakhala yotentha komanso chinyezi chambiri. Muyenera kuwunikira zikumera, zomwe siziyenera kuwonekera masabata 10 kuyambira nthawi yobzala. Ngati ziwoneka, zikutanthauza kuti mbewuyo sichimatulutsa tsiku lomaliza lisanachitike, kutentha m'chipindacho kuyenera kutsitsidwa.

Pakatha milungu 14 mutabzala, mumphika umasamutsidwira mnyumbayo. Mutha kuyiyika pamalo otentha, timakonza duwa kuti litenthe pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba tidachiyika m'chipinda chozizira, kenako, chotentha, chomaliza tidachiyika pawindo lachipinda chofunda. Pakapita kanthawi, maluwa adzawoneka omwe adzakondwera ndi kukongola kwawo kwa masiku 10 okha.

Mitundu ya Crocus

Mitundu yonse yazikhalidwe wogawika m'magulu angapo:

1. Botanical kapena ukufalikira kumayambiriro kwa masika.
2. Kukula kwakukulu kapena kutulutsa masika.
3. Kufalikira mu kugwa.

Gulu loyamba limaphatikizana ndi ng'ona zomwe zimatha kupatsa maluwa pambuyo pokumbukira chisanu chomaliza. Nthawi imeneyi, kutengera dera, ili pakati pa febulo ndi Epulo. Chomera sichitali kwambiri, chimafikira 8 cm, maluwa ndi okongola. Masamba a botanical sanapangidwe kuti akhale akulu kwambiri, koma alipo ambiri a iwo ndipo tchire ndilobowola. Maluwa awa ali ndi fungo lamphamvu komanso labwino.

Gulu ili imadzitamandira zotsatirazi mitundu:

• Ngale ya buluu imakula ndikupanga maluwa amtambo abuluu. Pansi, inflorescence ndi chikaso. Izi zimatha kuphuka koyambirira komanso kambiri.
• Mtundu wachikasu ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana yofiyira. Amatchedwa choncho chifukwa cha maluwa ake, omwe ndi ochulukirapo. Komabe, pali mayina ena ambiri.
• Kalonga Klaus, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, ndiye mtundu wamaluwa okongola kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse yazomera. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu woyera, womwe umasinthidwa ndi msana wowala kwambiri. Izi zimamasula kwambiri koyambirira komanso kokongola, zimakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri.
• Kukongola kwa zonona. Izi zimamasulira kwambiri komanso moyenera, zimakhala ndi maluwa otsekemera okhala ndi lalanje.

Kukula kwakukulu kapena kutulutsa maluwa pachimake patatha gulu loyambirira patatha masiku 10. Amasiyanitsidwa masamba akuluakulu. Zophatikiza zazikulu zodziwika bwino za Chidatchi zimapezeka pamitunduyi podutsa. M'dziko lathu, izi zimamera pachimake kuyambira pakati pa Epulo, zonsezi zimatengera nyengo. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti pachimake ngakhale pali chipale chofewa m'malo amdima. Gulu ili ndi utoto wokulirapo - kuchokera pakuyera ndi chikaso mpaka utoto wakuda.

Gululi limaphatikizapo mitundu yotchuka monga:

• Jeanna D'Arc. Chipilala choyera ngati chipale chofewa chokhala ndi maziko a lilac komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 4. Masamba amapezeka pakati pa Epulo.
• Pickwick amakula kwambiri ndi mtundu woyambirira wa zoyera ndi zofiirira.
• Flower Record imakhala ndi tsinde lotsika, koma duwa lalikulu lofiirira wokhala ndi maziko amdima. Zakhala zikukula kwambiri mdziko lathu kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo. Imakula bwino pagulu, motero ndi yabwino paminda yamiyala.

Malamba otulutsa maluwa m'dzinja amapereka kukongola kwawo kumapeto kwa Seputembala kapena kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Zomwe zidabyalidwa chaka chimodzi m'mbuyomu chilimwe chimasiya masamba ndikupanga masamba mu kugwa. Pakati pa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya gululi ndi crocus wokongola. Amakula mopanda tanthauzo, amafika 20 cm, limamasula pamaso pa aliyense - pakati pa Seputembala. Fiyamu yoluka imakhala ndi utoto wamitundu - kuyambira yoyera mpaka ya papo.

Mitundu yotsatirayi siyotchuka konsekonse pakati pa katumbidwe ka nyundo:

• Kutulutsa maluwa kutalika koyamba Novembala.
• Goloftsvetkovy maluwa okongola osiyanasiyana ofiirira.
• Pale ochryany. Amapanga inflorescence yaying'ono yamchere.

Ngati mukufuna kulandira phwando labwino kwambiri la Chaka Chatsopano, ndiye kuti mudzala anyezi koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Kenako pa tchuthi cha dzinja mosamala mudzapeza nguluwe zabwino kwambiri pazenera.