Echinopsis cacti ndi amodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima nyumba. Iwo samayikidwa kokha mkusonkhanitsa zakudya zokoma, komanso wamkulu m'mitundu ina yopanga maluwa. Maluwa a Echinopsis amatha kukongoletsa sill iliyonse, ndipo kusasamala kwake komwe kumasamalidwa kumapangitsa kuti mbewuzi kukhala alendo alendo m'nyumba ndi maofesi. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya Echinopsis imaphatikizapo lobivia, trichocereus ndi chamecerius.
Mitundu ya Echinopsis cacti ndi maluwa awo
Duwa lakunyumba Echinopsis (Echinopsis- - mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe achikale. Kufalikira kwamaluwa amkati, "zobiriwira zobiriwira" ndizopanda chipatso cha Echinopsis. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina 30 ya Echinopsis yoyenera imatha kupezeka mchikhalidwe (ma pseudolobivies amaphatikizidwa ndi gulu ili). Kuphatikiza mitundu yodziwika kale, koma chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwaposachedwa kwasowa.
Ndizodabwitsa komanso zodabwitsa kwambiri Echinopsis Airiesi (B. eyriesii) Zomera "zenizeni" zamtunduwu, tsinde lobiriwira lakuda lili ndi nthiti zazitali 11-18 ndipo lakuthwa, komwe ndi mipira yoyera ya fluffy areola. Minga ndi yochepa, koma yochokera ku areola fluff. Pakutha maluwa, Echinopsis iyi imaponya utali wautali, mpaka 25cm, mivi yoyera chipale chofewa ndi miyala yayikulu.
Mosiyana ndi iye, Echinopsis oxygon (B. oxigona) lakuthwa ndi ma spine ambiri akufotokozedwa bwino. Mtunduwu ndi chimphona chenicheni chomwe chimayambira 25 cm mulifupi5.
Monga tikuonera pachithunzichi, maluwa ku Echinopsis oxegon amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira:
M'zaka zaposachedwa, yatchuka kwambiri. Echinopsis subdenudate (B. subdenudata), yomwe imawoneka yosazolowereka, chifukwa ilibe minga, ndipo mapangidwe ake okongoletsa 'Fuzzy Navel' ndiyoda pang'ono, yokhala ndi ma-white-pubescent areoles.
Mwa mitundu yomwe nthawi zina imapezeka munkhokwe za pseudo-lobes, wina ayenera kutchula dzina la Echinopsis obrepanda (B. obrepanda), modabwitsa ndi mitundu yachilengedwe yosiyanasiyana, yosiyanasiyana kukula, chizolowezi, kakulidwe ka minyewa, mitundu yambiri yodziwika kale ya Echinopsis idasandulika kukhala mitundu yachilengedwe yamitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi.
Tchulani chithunzi cha mtundu uwu wa Echinopsis - maluwa ake amapakidwa mitundu yonse, kuyambira yoyera mpaka yofiira:
Echinopsis imagwirizana kwambiri ndi malingaliro athu apakhosi enieni, enieni. Dzinalo "Echinopsis" (Echinopsis) limatanthawuza kumasulira kwachi Russia monga "hedgehogs". "Green Hedgehogs" - izi ndi za Echinopsis. Zoonadi, zophatikizidwa ndi minga yowoneka ngati singano, zobiriwira zenizeni, ndiye cacti "wabwino kwambiri". Onjezani izi zapamwamba, koma posachedwa komanso maluwa osawoneka, kumatsegulira kwa maola ochepa okha ndikuwombera mosiyana ndi tsinde losasinthika, ana oseketsa omwe akukula m'malo osayembekezereka. Pafupifupi nkhani zonse zakunyumba zokhudzana ndi cacti, tsankho lokhudza mbewu izi, zokhudzana ndi nyama komanso nthano ndizolumikizana ndi Echinopsis.
Apa mutha kuwona zithunzi za maluwa a Echinopsis cacti amitundu yosiyanasiyana:
Mitundu ya cacti Echinopsis lobivia (yokhala ndi chithunzi)
Gulu lalikulu kwambiri la cacti lomwe pano likuphatikizidwa ku genus Echinopsis ndi lobivia lodziwika bwino. Mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu ya mbewuzi imadziwika, kulumikizana kwa majini omwe ali ovuta kwambiri, komanso kulumikizana ndi magulu apafupi - Echinopsis yoyenera, pseudo-lobes, ndikubwezeretsanso. Lobivia cacti ndiwosiyana kwambiri.
Onani chithunzichi - malo onse opatsirana amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zomwe zimachokera kumapiri komanso maluwa akuluakulu azomera zonse zomwe zimatsegulidwa masana:
Monga mapiri am'mapiri, amafunikira dzuwa lochulukirapo, mpweya wabwino komanso kutentha pang'ono panthawi yogona. Kupanda kutero, samachita maluwa, kutambalala koyipa, kutaya kukongola kwa minyewa yawo. Kwakukulu, momwe zinthu zilili ndi a Echinocereus: amatha kulekerera zosakwanira mchipinda kwa iwo, koma palibe chabwino chomwe chingachitike. Lobivia ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi okholola novice, pokhapokha ngati ali ndi mwayi wopatsa mbewuzi dzuwa lonse nthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe. Zoyika pakati pa maluwa pawindo kapena kukongoletsa kwamkati, lobivia siyabwino kwenikweni.
Mitundu yambiri imayimiriridwa ndi lobivia yosasamala komanso yotchuka - Echinopsis (Lobivia) aurea (aurea) - wokhala ndi nthiti, ngati Echinopsis weniweni, wokhala ndi ma spikes osiyanasiyana: spiky yayifupi, mawonekedwe owoneka ngati singano kapena owonda pang'ono.
Monga tikuonera pachithunzichi, aurea lobivia cactus ali ndi maluwa okongola, achikasu, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "golide":
Mtundu wina wowala komanso wosiyana kwambiri wa lobivia ndi E. (L.) marsoneri (marsoneri), wokhala ndi ma tubercles ofanana, kutalika (mpaka 6 cm) ndipo nthawi zambiri amawerama kumapeto ndi zipsera ndi maluwa otchuka, omwe pharynx yake imakhala yakuda. Mtundu wachilendowu umawoneka wosiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa achikasu a E. (L.) jajoiana var.nigrostoma (nigrostoma) - mwanjira zina ndi mitundu yamtunduwu maluwa ndi ofiira kapena lalanje.
Pansipa pali kusankha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lobivia:
Cactus chamecereus: chithunzi ndi chisamaliro kunyumba
Malinga ndi makono, magulu angapo odziwika a cacti ali a echinopsis. Palibe amene angatchule chitsamba chabwino kwambiri, chomwe chimadziwika pansi pa dzina lapitalo - chamecereus (E. chamaecereus) Chametereus cactus wokongola mokongola komanso modabwitsa, ngakhale ndi kakang'ono, kufewetsa, minyewa yofooka, imatha kupirira dzuwa lowala (limangokhala pang'ono pang'ono), komanso kuzizira kozizira (kungoterera pang'ono), komanso kuphwanya malamulo onse okonza makhwala m'nyumba limamasula). Ngati osachepera zikhalidwe zina zabwinobwino zimamupangira iye - kuwala, kuthirira nthawi ya kukula ndi nyengo yowuma, yozizira, iye adzaphuka kwambiri.
Tchulani chithunzi cha chametzerius - chimaluwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu ofiira, osayembekezereka ambiri pamtengo yaying'onoyo:
Chamecereus amafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi nthambi, ana, ndipo amatha kuphuka mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Kukula kodabwitsa kwa chamecereus chamaluwa sikunadziwike kwa obereketsa. Mwa zabwino za chimera ichi mothandizidwa ndi msewu wa hybridization, adawonjezera maluwa amitundu ina, makamaka lobivia. Mitundu yophatikiza ya chamecereus ndiyofala kwambiri pachikhalidwe, koma, mwa lingaliro langa, ilibe chopereka kapena mtengo wapadera wokongoletsa. Mitundu ya chlorophyll yopanda chamecereus yomwe yayamba kufalikira posachedwapa, ikukula, kumene, mwa mawonekedwe okhaokha, ndi mthunzi womvetsa chisoni wazomera zachilengedwe. Kudziwika kwadongosolo komanso kusokonekera kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kudabwa momwe zimapitilirabe mu chikhalidwe. Mukamasamalira chamecereus kunyumba, khalani okonzekera kuti ma cactiwa ndi oyamba kukhala oyanjidwa ndi chidule chofiiracho. Ili ndiye chidendene chake Achilles.
Apa mutha kuwona chithunzi cha mitundu ya Echinopsis chametzerius:
Mitundu ya cacti Trichocereus ndi network echinopsis (wokhala ndi chithunzi)
Mu gawo lino la nkhani mutha kuwona zithunzi ndikupeza mayina amitundu iwiri ya Echinopsis.
Ndipo gulu lina lalikulu la cacti, lomwe m'mbuyomu limaganizira kuti ndi mtundu wina, adalowa gulu la Echinopsis - trichocereus (Trichocereus) Trichocereus, Echinopsis.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa kuti trichocereus ali ndi maluwa ofanana amtundu wautali wautali wofanana ndi thunthu lofanana, ongokulira kuposa Echinopsis:
M'madera otentha, trichocereus amatulutsa cacti kwambiri komanso omwe ali pafupi nawo, omwe sadziwika kwenikweni koma amakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa okongola omwewo, Helianthocereus, wophatikizidwanso ndi Echinopsis, ndizomera wamba zam'munda. Nafe, iwo amakula ndi kuphuka pokhazikika. Pazikhalidwe zogona komanso nyumba zazingwe zazing'ono zazitali, ndizokulirapo, chifukwa chake sizofala m'dziko lathu, ndipo tikuwaona akutulutsa zithunzi. Pamsonkha mutha kupeza mtundu wa trichocereus wojambulidwa ndi E. (T.) pachanoi ndi mitundu ina yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masheya. Zikuwoneka kuti, pakufalikira kwa minda yachisanu komanso kubzala m'mbale zanthete panja, trichoceraeus akhoza kutchuka kwambiri.
Onani chithunzi cha trichocereus cacti - maluwa awo ndi abwino kwambiri:
China chinanso chosangalatsa cha Echinopsis, chomwe chikuyimira woimira wakale komanso wodziimira payekha (kutanthauza kuti, chimakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha) mtundu, Echinopsis E. (Setiechinopsis) mirabilis. Chomera ichi chimayika nthangala popanda fumbi, chimamera mosavuta komanso mwachangu - patatha zaka ziwiri! - umayamba kukhwima ndi kuphuka.
Monga tikuwonera pachithunzichi, maluwa a Echinopsis cactus amtunduwu amayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera: pa kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri ka masentimita awiri usiku kope laling'ono la maluwa okongola, onunkhiranso amayamba:
Echinopsis sapereka chilichonse mwatsatanetsatane chisamaliro. Vuto lalikulu ndilakuti posachedwa, pamene limakula, limataya kukongoletsa kwa khanda lakhanda ndikusintha kukhala china chamtunda komanso chonyansa. Kuti Echinopsis ikhale maluwa, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa mbewuzi pofesa.
Momwe mungapangire Echinopsis kukhala maluwa kunyumba
Ma Echinopsis ali ndi mbiri yotalikilapo choncho yolima mzipinda, ndipo makolo awo - zolengedwa zachilengedwe - zimawoloka mosavuta wina ndi mzake kotero kuti chilichonse chomwe timawona pazenera lathu ndi zotsatira zomveka za kusakanizika komanso kusankhidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwambiri, cacti ndi "mongrels." Ndipo monga temberero, lokongola ndi lokongola.
Aitane olondola. "Echinopsis wosakanizidwa" (Mtundu wa Echinopsis.) Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa Echinopsis weniweni ndi "cactus" wina wabwino ndikuti si mbewu zam'chipululu. Mosiyana ndi izi, amamva bwino kwambiri pamtundu wama michere (komanso humus, peat, dothi lamasamba), pomwe gawo lapansi lingakhale lolemera kuposa cacti ena ambiri. Ndipo mbale zosamalira Echinopsis, motere, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukula.
Izi zimathandizira, makamaka chilimwe, zimatha kuthiriridwa madzi ochulukirapo kuposa abale awo okondana ndi chikondi, wothira feteleza (ngakhale ndi feteleza koma wopanda kwambiri), ndipo amakonda kupopera. Amakhala opanda dzuwa lowotcha, ngakhale atakonzedweratu, adzayima padzuwa lonse chilimwe osawotcha. Sakufuna kutentha: pakati panjira amatha miyezi ingapo yachilimwe ali panja. Tili othokoza chifukwa cha chisamaliro chopanda chidwi ichi kunyumba kuti a Echinopsis adayamba kuzika bwino mzipinda. Ngakhale kuphwanya malamulo onse posamalira cacti (kuthirira mopitirira muyeso, kuthirira nthawi yozizira, feteleza, kuchepetsa kuwunikira), wobzala necactus sangawononge Echinopsis. Zotsatira zoyipa za chisamaliro chosayenera zidzakhala thunthu lopanda mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe oyipa, makanda ambiri otupa, maluwa osowa kapena kusakhalapo.
Kodi mukadakhala kuti mukadakhala ndi mbewu yonyalanyazidwa kotero? Momwe mungapangire Echinopsis pachimake m'nyumba mwanu? Choyamba muyenera kulingalira momwe Echinopsis wokongola komanso wathanzi ayenera kukhalira. Ichi ndi chophukira, chofupika, cylindrical radially symmetrical chazaka pafupifupi 15 masentimita, chobiriwira chakuda, chokhala ndi mitundu yolimba, yonyezimira, nthawi zambiri imakhala yamdima, komanso chiwerengero chochepa cha ana - kokha mwa zitsanzo zokhwima. Ngati, mbewu yomwe mudapeza ikhoza kubweretsedwa pano, yesani kuchita izi. Mosamala (osadula minga yoyandikana ndi kusasiya bala pa tsinde), chotsani ana onse ngati zingatheke (mutha kusiya banja kumunsi kwa tsinde, komanso omwe sangachotsere popanda kuvulaza mbewu ya mayi). Kenako ikani chomeracho mumphika watsopano, wokwanira kuyika mizu yake mwaulere, wokhala ndi gawo lama michere. Zitsani chotsikitsitsa - chopapatiza, chopingasa - gawo la tsinde kulowa mumtunda wapamwamba, mutakhazikitsa chomera mwachindunji. Ndipo mpatseni chisamaliro chofunikira. Idzasinthika pamaso pathu ndipo idzaphuka chaka chamawa pambuyo pa njirayi.
Ngati malongosoledwe a Echinopsis omwe adagwa m'manja mwanu amasiya kukhala ofunidwa (chomera sichinyalanyazidwa kwambiri, chikukulitsidwa, chili ndi zovuta - zovuta pamatenda ndi nthawi yakula mumdima), zipsera, mawanga, minga yosweka, komabe mukupepesa kuti musiyane nacho, yesani bwerezerani izi. Kusamalira kacusus yotchedwa Echinopsis cactus, ndikofunikira kudula kumtunda kwa tsindeyo patali kuchokera kumtunda wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa mulifupi wa tsinde (makamaka m'malo mwa thunthu). Kenako dulani m'mphepete mwakunja kwa odulidwa ndikulola kuti zodulidwazo ziume. Kenako ikhoza kuyikidwa pansi pamphika wopanda kanthu ndikusiyidwa pamenepa kwa mwezi wathunthu, ndipo ngati opareshoniyo idachitidwa m'dzinja kapena nthawi yozizira - mpaka masika. Mizu yochokera pakatikati pa zodulidwazo imatha kupezeka kale panthawiyi. Mulimonsemo, chomera pambuyo pake chimayikidwa mwachindunji mumphika wodzazidwa ndi gawo lodzaliramo lomwe lili ndi chosanjikiza chapamwamba (0.5 cm) cha mchenga wowuma kapena miyala yabwino. Phesi lathanzi lidzazika mizu msanga ndikathirira mosamala ndipo limatha kukula mtsogolo.
ulemu echinopsis.
Pomaliza, mbewu yabwino ikhoza kupezeka ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha Echinopsis cactus kunyumba. Nthawi zambiri, ana omwe amathandizira amakhala ndi mizu yolimba, yofupika, "yokhazikika" pamtengowu, ndipo amathanso kuyikika mumphika wokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri ("chingwe cholumikizira") chowalumikiza ku chomera chaching'ono ndichoperewera kwambiri Kufuna nthawi yayitali yopumira).
Monga tikuonera pachithunzichi, duwa la Echinopsis wakhanda limakula bwino ndipo limatha kutulutsa mchaka chachitatu mutabzala:
Komabe, ngati mukufuna kupeza osati chomera chabwino, koma chomera chokongola, muyenera kuchikulitsa kuchokera ku mbewu. Kufalikira kwa masamba patali kumayambitsa kufooketsa kwa zokongoletsera za Echinopsis - mapangidwe a ana amathandizidwa, ndipo maluwa amatayika. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalikira kwamasamba kumayambitsa kudziunjikira kwa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mbeu za Echinopsis zitha kupezeka nokha, mungu ndi ziwiri zomwe zimayenda nthawi imodzi mosiyanasiyana (osati kwa ana kuchokera kwa mayi omwewo)! Zomera. Mbewu za Echinopsis ndi zazikulu, zosavuta kumera, mbande zimakula mwachangu, limodzi. Maluwa awo amatha kuyembekezeredwa mchaka chachinayi kapena chachisanu cha moyo.
Pakati pazomera zina, Echinopsis amatha kugwidwa ndi nkhupakupa, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso nyongolotsi. Yoyamba imapezeka ndi dzimbiri pamiyeso ya mbewu, zina zonse zimawoneka bwino pa tsinde kapena mizu (ikaziika). Kukula kodabwitsa kwa maluwa a Echinopsis m'malo omwe amawoneka kuti ndi abwino kungayambitsidwe ndendende ndi zinthu zovulaza izi. Kusamala mosamala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kuwunika kwa nthawi zamasamba kumathandiza kupewa zovuta za tizirombo. Izi zimathandizira kugonjetsedwa ndi fungal ndi bacteria bacteria.
Apa mutha kuwona chithunzi cha chisamaliro cactus chisamaliro kunyumba:
