Saladi wobiriwira

Saladi, chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe, imakhala malo apadera pakati pa masamba. Masamba ake ali ndi mavitamini pafupifupi onse odziwika bwino, komanso ma organic acid, mchere wa potaziyamu, calcium, chitsulo, manganese, cobalt, mkuwa, ayodini, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, boron, carotene, mavitamini C, B1, B2, E, K, PP, folic acid. Malinga ndi zomwe zili ndi mchere wa calcium, letesi imakhala pamalo oyamba pakati pa masamba, malinga ndi zomwe zimakhala ndi chitsulo - malo wachitatu pambuyo pang'onopang'ono ndi chives, ndipo malinga ndi zomwe zili ndi magnesium ndi yachiwiri kwa nandolo ndi kohlrabi. Mu letesi yatsopano, 0,6-6.0 mg /% beta-carotene, 65 mg /% malic, 48 mg /% citric, 11 mg /% oxalic acid.

Letesi wobiriwira wakunja ali ndi vitamini C wambiri ndi carotene kuposa mkati. Amagwiritsa ntchito saladi watsopano. M'zaka za zana la XVII. Kupanga mbale za saladi kumawonetsedwa ngati luso lapaukadaulo. Ku Germany adaphika ndi zovala zoyera, ndikuwachotsa pokhapokha posakaniza saladiyo ndi manja awo. Zinali zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito supuni kapena foloko kuti zisawononge kakonzedwe ka mbaleyo. Luso lapadera lodziwika bwino linali lodziwika bwino kwa akatswiri azachipembedzo achi French. Mu zakudya za ku France, masamba athunthu azileke amaphatikizidwa ndi msuzi wapadera, kwinaku akusunga umphumphu wa tsamba.

Zakudya zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku masamba otsukidwa, osambitsidwa. Kupezeka kwa madzi kumalepheretsa kukoma. Masamba ena nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa ndi letesi.

Pa saladi ya katsitsumzukwa, masamba okha samagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, komanso mapesi, omwe amakhala owuma kale. Amakhala ndi mkoma wokoma, wosalala komanso wotsitsimula.

Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za saladi ndizovuta kudya. Chifukwa cha kuphatikiza bwino kwa potaziyamu ndi mchere wa sodium, kumachepetsa kuyika mchere ndikuthandizira kuyendetsa madzi.

Kukhalapo kwa ma organic acid (citric ndi ena) kumalimbikitsa thupi, kumachepetsa mantha. Mankhwala wowerengeka, kulowetsedwa kwa masamba opatsika masamba kumathandizira kukwiya, kusowa tulo. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa vitamini P, saladiyo imathandizira kulimbitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi.

Chomera ichi chimathandizira kuchotsa mafuta m'thupi m'thupi la munthu, amathandizira kunenepa kwambiri, kupweteka kwamatumbo, matenda ashuga, kusintha magazi.

Madzi abwino a saladi amatengedwa chifukwa cha gastritis, matenda am'mimba am'mimba, komanso osakanizidwa ndi karoti, beet ndi rap madzi - a poliomyelitis, atherosulinosis.

Saladi, (lat.Lactuca sativa) - Chomera kapena chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku banja la Astrovidae, kapena Compositae, chikhalidwe chamunda.

Kwinakwake chomera sikudziwika, koma tsopano limalimidwa konsekonse m'minda yamasamba. Palinso mitundu ingapo ndi Mitundu ya saladi. Mtundu wamba ndi mbewu yotalika mita imodzi, yokhala ndi tsinde lodzaza ndi dentate kapena lounika (pulawo woboola pakati) wamasamba opindika, masamba osalala; m'munsi mwa masamba kumbali yakumunsi, pakati pa mtsempha wapakati, masamba amabzalidwa ndi setae. Maluwa ndi achikasu, mabango onse, osungidwa m'mitu yamiyala, chimodzimodzi ngati saladi wakuthengo; mitu imasonkhanitsidwa ndi whisk. Olemba ambiri amatenga Lactuca sativa kokha pazikhalidwe zamtundu wa Lactuca scariola.

Mitundu yolumikizidwa ya letesi imagwera m'mizere iwiri:

• tsamba lokhazikika, lomwe masamba satenga chitsa,
• wokutidwa, komanso saladi wachiroma kapena saladi wa romaine; mu mitundu iyi, masamba amapanga mutu wowonjezera kapena wowonda, ndipo saladi ya Roma imamasuka kwambiri.

Kusankha malo ndi dothi

Masamba a masamba ndi mutu amapendekeka pamalo otetezeka monga otetezedwa komanso mbewu zokhazokha. Lettuce ndi chomera chachikulu komanso chosazizira. Zomera zazing'ono zimalekerera chisanu cha 1-2 ° C. Chifukwa cha izi, letesi imafesedwa poyera kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi yophukira. Kubzala nyengo yachisanu ndizothekanso.

Kutentha kwabwino kuti mbewu zikule ndi kukula kwa mbeu ndi 10-17 ° C. Mu nyengo yotentha, yofunda, saladi imalimba msanga ndipo mwina sizimapanga malonda.

Ndizosankha bwino chinyezi ndi mpweya. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chinyezi chambiri chimathandizira kufalitsa matenda a fungal komanso chimachepetsa mbewu.

Saladi, monga mbewu zonse zomwe zimakula mwachangu, likufunika pa chonde. Feteleza wabwino kwambiri chifukwa ndiola manyowa, omwe amayamba kumayambiriro yophukira (mu Seputembala), kapena humus (kompositi) - 4-5 kg ​​pa 1 sq.m. Nitrofoska (60-70 g iliyonse) kapena kuchuluka kogwirizana kwa feteleza wosavuta kumawonjezeredwa kuchokera kumanyowa amchere. Saladi silimera panthaka za acidic. Ndikwabwino kukula letesi pamiyala yolandidwa bwino (pH 6.8-7.2).

Chisamaliro

Mbande itha kukhala yofesedwa pofesa mabokosi kuchokera pagulu la sod ndi humus (1: 1). Mbewu zofesedwa pa Epulo 5-10 mpaka akuya masentimita 1 m'mabokosi, mtunda pakati pa mizere ndi 1.5-2 cm. Mbewu pa bokosi lililonse ndi pafupifupi g 1. Mukabzala, nthaka yake imapangidwa pang'ono. Mbande zimakula popanda kutola, mbande zimadulidwa, kusiya mtunda wa 2 cm pakati pa mbewu.

Pambuyo masiku 30-35, mbande zakonzeka kubzala. Mugawo la masamba atatu kapena anayi owona, mbande zimabzalidwa pansi. Amabzala kotero kuti khosi la mizu lili pamlingo wa dothi, apo ayi mbewuyo imayamba kuwola.

Saladi imafuna gawo lina la zakudya. Mbewu za masamba letesi zimadulidwa ndi 15-25 masentimita, kutengera kulondola kwa mitunduyo, ndipo mbewu zochotsedwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Mitundu yakucha yakucha imamera pamalo a 10x10 masentimita, m'ma 15x15 cm, mochedwa 25x25 cm.

Mochedwa mpikisano kukana mitundu yofesedwa chilimwe. Kuti muwonjezere nthawi yopeza amadyera, masamba a saladi amafesedwa pambuyo pa masiku 15-20, kabichi - katatu: kumapeto kwa chilimwe, chilimwe (koyambirira kwa Juni ndi pakati pa Julayi), mitundu itatu panthawi (koyambirira, pakati, mochedwa) nthawi.

Bzalani mbewu kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mapeto a kabichi omaliza, ndikofunikira kupangitsa kuti mitu ya kabichiyo idutse molakwika kuti mphukira zam'mera zitheke.

Kusamalidwa kwa saladi kumakhala kulima mwadongosolo. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira, chifukwa cha kukhwima kwawo, amagwiritsa ntchito michere kuchokera m'nthaka nthawi yochepa (Nthawi 2-3 mwachangu kuposa mbewu zina). Chifukwa chake, pansi pa zobiriwira zobiriwira, dothi liyenera kukonzedwa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe ndi michere. Saladi imathandiza mu potaziyamu nitrate zakudya.

Mitundu

Saladi wochepa kapena wowoneka bwino

Letesi lonyezimira, kapena saladi waku America amapanga mutu wonyezimira kwambiri, masamba ake khirisipi amakhala ngati ali ndi madzi. Amawerama lonse, kupindika kumutu wolimba. Imasungidwa bwino mufiriji.

Zosiyanasiyana: Kucheriavets Odessa (mwina sangatulutse), Olympo, Olimpiki, Tarzan, Keltic, Roxette, Saladin, Mofulumira, Siren
Chombocho chimakhala chopindika, chokhazikika kwambiri panthaka. Bzalani kulemera mpaka 500g.
Mutu waukulu - wotseguka, umatha kubzala mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe. Mutu wozungulira mpaka 400g.

Batavia saladi - French saladi - imapanga mitu yowoneka bwino, ndipo masamba ake ndi opindika komanso achonde kwambiri kuposa tsamba loyendera bwino.

Tulutsani (mafuta) saladi

Saladi yotseka, mosiyana ndi saladi waku America, ali ndi masamba owonda, osalala, osalala. Amangotsika pansi pokhapokha ndikupanga mutu wowonda kwambiri wa kabichi. Mkati, masamba amamva mafuta kukhudza, kotero saladi awa amatchedwanso mafuta kapena mafuta. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kuchokera kumunda, panthawi yosungirako, kuchuluka kwa nitrate kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Masamba ocheperako ndi masamba opendekera kwambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti achotsedwe. Nthawi zambiri wamkulu mu greenh m'nyumba.

Zosiyanasiyana: Berlin chikasu, Chikondwerero, Noran (cha dothi lotetezedwa), Kado (wozungulira, wokumbika), Moscow Region, Sesame (theka lozungulira, ntchito yodziwikiratu), Chokopa, Stubborn (penti), Contribution, Labuza.

Romaine Saladi (Wachiroma)

Letine la Romaine ndi wachibale wapafupi wa mutu wa letesi ndipo ali ndi zofunikira zofananira. Mphepo zamtundu wamtambo, zokhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino, owongoka m'mwamba, zomwe zimakhazikika m'mitu. Mutu wa kabichi umapangidwa bwino, koma kuchitira bwino komwe mutu wake nthawi zina umamangidwa. Saladi iyi imakhala yozizira kwambiri ndipo ndiyothandiza kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira. Chimacha motalika pang'ono kuposa kuphatikiza mitundu. Amakulitsa makamaka mu kugwa. Kukoma kwa masamba atsopano ndi kowuma, koma saladi wamtunduwu akhoza kuwiritsa. Ma ski amodzi nthawi zambiri amalembedwa kuti "Cos"

Zosiyanasiyana: Veradarts, Paris, Sovsky, Balon.

Letesi masamba, chives, saladi wolimba

Lettuce, chives, saladi wolimba (mkuwa, lollo, struvelpeter). Amapanga ma rosette otayirira ndipo amabwera ndi masamba ofiira komanso obiriwira. Masamba osalimba amatha kukhala ovoid kapena obovate mawonekedwe, okhala ndi nthabwala, zothina, zotsekedwa kapena zosungidwa m'mphepete mwa lobes. Mutha kudula masamba amodzi popanda kukoka mbewu yonseyo. Mutu wa masaladi awa samangidwa.

Zosiyanasiyana:

• Ballet ndi gawo la ponse ponse poti pobisalira komanso potseguka. Kukana kuwombera. Tsamba ndilobiriwira, louma, m'mphepete mulibe kanthu. Bzalani 300-600g.
• Ndodo yaying'ono MS - yotseguka. Masamba amadzaza matope. Kukana kuwombera. Bzalani kulemera mpaka 250g.
• Robin ndiofanana ndi Oaklet MS, koma ndi utoto wofiirira.
• Emerald - kutuluka kwa nyengo yozizira-yozizira. Nyengo yapakati. Kusiya obovate. Kukoma kwakukulu. Kukana kuwombera. Zomera 60g.
• Critset - yotetezeka komanso yotseguka. Kucha koyambirira, kucha mu masiku 40-45. Masamba ndi owonda. Kukana kuwombera ndi kutentha. Bzalani 250g.

Mitundu ina: Riga, Red Fire, Kamarnyansky, Moscow Greenhouse, Chaka Chatsopano.

Saladi wa Asparagus (tsinde)

Asparagus kapena tsinde saladi (Uysun) amapanga chidutswa chokhazikika, cholimba yokutidwa ndi masamba ambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Mtunduwu umagawidwa makamaka ku Far East, China, Korea. Siyanitsani pakati pa masamba owongoka, masamba opendekera pang'ono ndi masamba ophatikizika amitundu ya saladi ya katsitsumzukwa. Mapesi a saladi amenewa amakula mpaka mita ndikuyandikira kwa dzanja. Yaiwisi, amadulidwa mu saladi, ndikuwuphika ngati katsitsumzukwa.

Kuyeretsa

Letesi ya masamba imakolola masiku 30 mpaka 40 atamera. Pang'onopang'ono, ikhoza kukolola m'mbuyomu pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu kapena kudula masamba. Kuyeretsa komaliza (pamodzi ndi mizu) kumachitika kuwombera kusanayambe pomwe masamba asanu ndi awiri mpaka asanu ndi anayi akhazikitsidwa.

Lettuce yamutu imagawidwa m'magulu atatu mitundu:

• Kucha kucha, pakati komanso kucha mochedwa. Mitundu yakucha yakukula imakhala ndi nyengo ya kukula kwa masiku 40-50, 6-8 imachoka mu rosette yotalika ndi 17-20 cm ndi mutu yaying'ono 5-8 cm.
• Mitundu ya Mid-msimu imakhala ndi nyengo ya kukula kwa masiku 50-60, 8-10 masamba mu rosette yotalika masentimita 21-30 ndi mutu wapakati wa 10-13 cm.
• Mitundu yakucha mochedwa imakhala ndi nyengo ya kukula kwa masiku 70-80, masamba 9-12 amachokera mu rosette yotalika 30-30 cm ndi mutu wa kabichi 14-16 masentimita kukula kwake.

Kukolola kosankha kumayambira pomwe mitu yamabichi yakhala ikufika pamlingo wosiyanasiyana (pafupi nkhonya). Zomera zosapanga bwino zomwe zimatsala kuti zikule. Kuthirira kwambiri kumachedwetsa mapangidwe a maluwa kwanthawi yayitali, koma osavomerezeka kuti saladiyo ipitirire: masamba amawawa kabichi chosapsa. Lettuce ya masamba ndi mutu, yoyikidwa m'matumba apulasitiki, imasungidwa mufiriji kwa milungu iwiri kutentha kwa -1 ... + 2 ° C.

Saladi wa Asparagus. Kuti masamba a saladi ya asparagus isaletse kukula ndi tsinde, amachotsedwa akangofika kutalika kwa 15-20 cm. Miyezi iwiri mutabzala, mu gawo la budding, saladi wa katsitsumzukwa amachotsedwa, ndikuchotsa mizu yotsalira. Kuyeretsa kumachitika m'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo.

Mu firiji pamtunda wa 0 ° C, saladi ya katsitsumzukwa imatha masiku 25 (ndi mpaka masiku 50 m'matumba a hermetic). Kutengedwa kuchokera muzu, saladi wamtunduwu umasungidwa nthawi yayitali m'maparsar kapena greenhouse popanda kuwala.