Popanda mbewu, chipinda chilichonse chimawoneka chofunda komanso chopanda moyo. Zomera zimabweretsa moyo, zimapanga mawonekedwe ndipo sizopitilira kukongoletsa chipinda, chifukwa zimapanga mawonekedwe osiyana, mawonekedwe atsopano ndi kukongola m'chipindacho. Mitengo ya kanjedza sizinthu zokhazokha zokongoletsa malowa, koma koposa zonse, izi ndi zinthu zamoyo zomwe zimafuna malo ena kuti zizisamalidwa. Kwa moyo wawo ndi chitukuko, kuwala, madzi, kutentha ndi zakudya zimafunikira, komanso zinthu zonsezi mosiyanasiyana. Zokhudza mitundu ya kanjedza ndi mawonekedwe owasamalira - nkhani yathu.
Panja lamkati.
Malangizo apamtunda okulira mitengo ya kanjedza kunyumba
Kubalana ndi kupatsirana
Mitengo ya kanjedza imafesedwa pofesa mbewu zatsopano, ndipo mitundu ina ndi abale. Mbewu zimamera pa 25-35 ° C. Zofesedwa mumiphika ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga kapena moss ndi utuchi.
Denga lokwanira limayikidwa pansi pa miphika, momwe amaba makala. Nthawi yamera wambewu zimatengera mtunduwu ndipo imatha masiku angapo mpaka miyezi ingapo. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu za parachardia zimamera masiku 9-12, kanjedza kamasiku 30-50, chamomile kwa 45-60, coconut kwa masiku 150-180.
Mitengo ya kanjedza imagulitsidwa mchilimwe isanayambe kukula. Zomera zazing'ono zimasinthana pachaka, zakale - zaka 3-4. Poika mbewu, munthu sangathe kuwononga mizu (mizu yodulidwa nthawi zambiri imafa mnyumba), koma mizu yowola imachotsedwa ndikudula ndi mpeni kuti minofu yathanzi. Land mutabzala iyenera kuphatikizidwa.
M'manja ena (deti, kentii), mizu yayikulu imakwera kwambiri kuchokera pansi, motero, chifukwa chodzala mwakuya, miphika italiitali komanso yopapatiza imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuteteza mizu yochokera padziko lapansi kuti iume, imakutidwa ndi mbewa.
Zomera zazing'ono zobzalidwa m'nthaka yopepuka - chisakanizo cha magawo awiri a tsamba ndi gawo limodzi la humus ndikuphatikiza ndi mchenga (pafupifupi 1/6 ya buku lonse la osakaniza). Zomera zina, dothi lolemera komanso lalikulu, zokutira zazikulu zimawonjezeredwa pamtunduwu pamlingo wa makilogalamu atatu pa mita imodzi.
Njira yotentha
M'nyengo yozizira, mitengo ya kanjedza ya thermophilic ili ndi + 14 ... + 16 ° С, ena onse ku + 8 ... + 10 ° С. Kupititsa kukula mu nthawi ya kasupe ndi chilimwe, kuphatikiza feteleza ndi organic mumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuwala
Mitengo ya kanjedza imakhala yojambula kwambiri, chifukwa chake imayikidwa pafupi ndi mawindo momwe angathere (momwe masamba angalolere). M'chilimwe, amasinthidwa kuti asayang'ane dzuwa (makatani owala), mwina amawotcha masamba.
Kuletsa
Panthawi yozizira mzipinda yozizira, amaonetsetsa kuti mbewuzo sizizizira. Zojambula siziyenera kuloledwa. Kutentha kwabwino kuti mukule ndi + 16 ... + 18 ° С, pamtunda wokulirapo mpweya mchipindacho umakhala wouma, ndipo nsonga za masamba ziume kumapiri.
Popewa izi, kuphatikiza pakupitilira kutentha pang'ono, mbewu nthawi zambiri zimatsuka ndikuwaza masamba awo ndi madzi. Malekezero owuma a masamba amadulidwa osakhudza minofu yathanzi. Pakuuma kapena kukalamba, tsamba lonse limadulidwa pokhapokha petiole ikasanduka chikasu.
Palm imatha kukongoletsa zamkati chilichonse.
Kuthirira
Pamasiku otentha a chilimwe, manja a kanjedza amathiridwa madzi ambiri, kotero kuti nthawi zonse pamakhala madzi, koma asanamwe madzi atsopano, madzi osasunthika amatsitsidwa kuchokera m'matumba. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzithilira madzi ofunda (pafupifupi + 20 ... + 30 ° C).
Kuti zikule bwino, masamba amapopera mankhwalawa kwambiri m'chilimwe m'mawa kapena madzulo, nthawi yozizira kawiri pamwezi amapukutidwa ndi chofewa chofinyira choviikidwa m'madzi ofunda, ndipo poyamba ndibwino kusamba ndi sopo wofatsa. Ma kanjedza a zipatso, chamomile ndi fanizo la chilimwe zitha kupititsidwa kumakomo kapena ku dimba, kupita panja. Mitengo yazipatso zochulukirapo (Kentia ndi chigamba).
Mitengo ya kanjedza imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pojambula malo, nthawi zina pobzala m'mabedi a maluwa ndi udzu. M'zipinda zogona, ndibwino kusungitsa mbewu zazing'ono, ndipo zomwe zakula kuchokera munthangala zitha kukhala zosinthika.
Mitundu ya kanjedza zamkati
Brahea (Brahea edulis)
Ndi mtengo waukulu wa kanjedza womwe ukukula mwachangu. Thunthu lake ndi lamphamvu, lofiirira, masamba owoneka ngati mafani, zobiriwira zokhala pamwamba, zili pamwamba pa thunthu, ndikupanga korona.
M'dziko lakwawo, mitengo yamtundu wamtunduwu yatsala pang'ono kuzimiririka, koma m'maiko ena inazika mizu, zonse zakunja ndi zamkati. Chomwe mtengo ungakakamane nawo ndi +8 madigiri, koma ndibwinonso osachepetsa. Sankhani dothi lamchenga, osanyowa kwambiri. Chinyezi chopangira sichiyenera kuleredwa mwakapangidwe. Kutsirira sikuchulukitsa, koma pafupipafupi.
Palm wa Brahea (Brahea edulis).
Zosamalidwa
M'dziko lathu, brachea ndi mlendo pafupipafupi - m'zipinda ndi nyumba. Iyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi malo omwe amawotcha dzuwa kuti dzuwa lisalowe pamasamba osalala a mgwalangwa. Koma kubisala m'zipinda zakuda sikofunikira - zonse ziyenera kukhala zochulukirapo.
Brachea ndi yoyenera kumera nyumba - ndiwodzikongoletsa, ndipo sadzafa mukayiwala kuthirira. Amalekerera kutentha pang'ono. Pazipatso za mtengo wa kanjedza, ndikofunikira kutola mbewu zomwe zimapezeka mu inflorescence, ndikuzibzala. Zimamera kutalika kokwanira - miyezi ingapo.
Butia (Butia capitata)
Mtengo wa kanjedza wamkulu, womwe umakula pang'onopang'ono, ndi mtengo wolimba, woduwa, komanso chisoti chachifumu chopindika. Zofanizira zowoneka bwino zimapezekanso zachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri zimamera ku Brazil ndi Uruguay, pamadothi amchenga.
Imaletsa chisanu kuyambira -8 mpaka -12 ° C. Zimafunikira dzuwa, madzi ochepa nthawi yozizira, chilimwe chokwanira, michere yokwanira. Itha kumalidwa kunyumba.
Palm butia (Butia capitata).
Zosamalidwa
Palm ndi chomera cha thermophilic, chifukwa chake, kuti chikule icho kunyumba, ndikofunikira kuchipereka ndi kutentha kwabwinobwino - pafupifupi madigiri + 20. M'chilimwe, chinyezi chambiri chimafunikiranso - mtengo wa kanjedza uyenera kuthiridwe madzi nthawi zonse ndikumapopera. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira sikuyenera kukhala kosowa. Kamodzi pazaka zonse za 3-4, mtengo wa kanjedza umayenera kudulidwa, ndikusintha nthaka. Muyeneranso kudula masamba ndi masamba owuma kapena odwala nthawi zonse.
Palm imafalikira ndi mbewu. Kuti mukule kanjele wamkulu pambewu, muyenera kubzala mbewu m'miphika ndi nthaka, nthawi zonse nthaka osanyowa. Musanabzale mbewu, ndikofunikira kuzilowetsa m'madzi ofunda kwa maola 24, ndikudula chipolopolo. Kenako masamba ophukira ayenera kubzala m'miphika yosiyana.
Washingtonia
Mitundu yayikulu ya kanjedza ndi iwiri: Washingtonia filifera (Washingtonia filifera) ndi Washingtonia Robustra (Washingtonia robusta).
Yoyamba ndi kanjedza kokulira kowoneka bwino ochokera kumadera akumpoto chakumadzulo kwa United States. Masamba akulu obiriwira obiriwira ndi thunthu lamphamvu la imvi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosiyanitsa. Chingwe chimatha kulekerera kuzizira mpaka -8 ° C. Chitsa chake chimatha kufika mita imodzi. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa kanjedza ndi 15 m, koma kunyumba kudzakhala otsika kwambiri.
Khosi lachiwiri ndi locheperako. Kutalika kwa mtengowu ndi 22 m; kumera ku Mexico. Chimanjacho ndi chowoneka ngati fan, mitsempha yoyera imatsika pamasamba, pakhoza kukhala malawi a lalanje. Masamba amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
Mtengo wa Palmi filippia Washingtonia (Washingtonia filifera).
Zosamalidwa
Kuti mukule mtambowu, ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha mchipindacho. Madzi okwanira safunika; chithirirani mbewuyo pakufunika. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Kubzala kuyenera kuchitika mumphika wamtali. Ndikofunika kuyika kanjedza pamalo owala, koma onetsetsani kuti mphezi zachindunji sizigwera pamasamba. Masamba owuma ayenera kuchotsedwa pa nthawi. Kunyumba, mtengo wa kanjedza umakula bwino, ndipo kusamalira sikovuta kwambiri.
Gioforba (Hyophorbe verschaffeltii)
Mtengo wa kanjedza uwu umamera pachilumba cha Indian Ocean. Ili ndi mbali zazing'ono - kukula kwake sikuposa mamita 7. thunthu la kanjedza limakhala losalala, ndikakulimba pakati. Masamba ooneka ngati mafani amaphatikizidwa ndi mbali zina za nthenga zomwe zimapatsa mbewu zake mawonekedwe okongola. Kunyumba, mtengo wa kanjedza uwu sapezeka, koma umabzalidwa kunyumba. Nyumba ya gioforba ndiyokongoletsa komanso imatsitsimula m'chipindacho. Chinyezi chachikulu ndichabwino kwa iye.
Gioforba kanjedza (Hyophorbe hodchaffeltii).
Zosamalidwa
Mtengo wa kanjedza umafunika kutentha. Imakula bwino m'malo owala, koma masamba ayenera kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa. Chingwe ndichofunikiradi - chimafunikira kuthiridwa madzi tsiku lililonse ndi madzi okhala ndi laimu yotsika, kusunga kutentha ndi kuyatsa.
Ndi chisamaliro chokwanira, gioforb amatha kudwala kapena kufa. Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda achomera chimakhala masamba owuma. Chovuta chachikulu nthawi zambiri chimakhala chinyezi chochepa mchipindacho. Mutha kuyika aquarium pafupi ndi chomeracho.
Chifukwa kanjedza limakula pang'onopang'ono, ndiye kuti limachira pang'onopang'ono. Koma ngati mulimbana ndi mawonekedwe onse a chisamaliro, mudzapeza chomera chokongola komanso chosadziwika bwino panyumba.
Hamedorea (Chamaedorea)
Mtengo wa kanjedza, komwe kunkakhala Central America. Chimamera m'nkhalango zamapiri, mpaka kutalika mpaka 5 m, chili ndi thunthu lobiriwira. Mankhwalawa ali ndi masamba ambiri amiyala amdima wobiriwira omwe amawoneka kuti azungulira. Hamedorea limamasula m'zaka zoyambirira za moyo ndipo kenako amapanga mapanga ndi maluwa ozungulira, kuchokera ku kirimu mpaka chikasu.
Mwambiri, chifukwa cha kubereka kosavuta komanso kusamalira mabvuto, ndiye mtengo wamkati wotchuka kwambiri wamkati. Imatha kuyendetsa malo ake mumtambo, mpweya wouma ndipo imatha kupirira kuthirira osowa kapena kolemera. Aliyense amene angakwanitse kubweretsa mtengo wa kanjedza wosavuta uyu ayenera kugulitsa mbewu zam'tsogolo mtsogolo.
Palm Hamedorea (Chamaedorea).
Zosamalidwa
Kuthirira ambiri a chamedorea ndikofunikira chaka chonse - dongo lake liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, dothi lisamayime konse pakati pa kuthirira. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti pafupipafupi kuthirira kumadalira chinyezi, kutentha kwa mpweya mchipinda chomwe mbewuyo ili, komanso zinthu zina zingapo. Chifukwa chake, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muyang'anitsitse chinyezi musanatsirire pansi pafupi ndi phalaxes awiri chala chanu, makamaka poyamba, mpaka mutayeserera kuti kangati chameorrhea afunika kuthirira m'nyumba mwanu. Pakathirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa gwiritsani ntchito madzi okhazikika (ayenera kutetezedwa kwa maola osachepera 12).
Kuwala - zolimbitsa, koma kuwala kwachilengedwe kapena phytolamp ndiyofunikira. Chamedorea iyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa mwachindunji, makamaka chilimwe. Dzuwa lowala limapangitsa kuti masamba awotchedwe, amakhala pathanthwe.
Kudyetsa nthawi yamasika ndi nthawi yachilimwe kamodzi pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse. Nthawi yopuma kuyambira Novembala mpaka February - kamodzi pamwezi ndi theka la feteleza. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wapadziko lonse kapena feteleza wapadera wa mitengo ya kanjedza. Feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha dothi lonyowa mukathirira.
Thirani ndikulimbikitsidwa kasupe.
Karyota (Caryota)
Chidebe chotsika mtengo. Masamba a mawonekedwe ake achilendo amakhala owirikiza, omwe amachepera. Mtengo wa mgwalangwa uwu umamasula kamodzi pachaka, inflorescence imawonekera pamtengo, kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi.
Kariota imagawidwa ku South Asia ndipo, koposa zonse, kumalo otentha. Ichi ndi munda wotchuka kwambiri ndi paki. Monga chomera, Cariota ndiofala mokwanira. Akongoletsa chipinda chilichonse kapena ofesi. Panyumba, kanjedza silofunikira kwambiri, koma muyenera kudziwa magawo a chisamaliro.
Palm wa Karyota (Caryota).
Zosamalidwa
Kariota ndi woyenera bwino komanso wolimba kwambiri nyumba. Imapilira kutentha pang'ono komanso chinyezi chochepa. Pabwino, mbewu zimamera mwachangu kwambiri. Pamaonekedwe abwino a kanjedza, madzi okwanira, apakati kapena otentha ambiri amafunikira.
Kuti chisamaliro chomera chikhale chofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito michere ndi feteleza, muyenera kubzala kanjedza m'nthaka yokhala ndi humus yambiri. Kariota amakonda zipinda zowala komanso zotentha, koma kugunda kwam'mbali mwa masamba kungayambitse matenda awo ndi kufa.
Livistona
Mtengo wa mgwalangwa siwofulumira kwambiri kutentha, mtengo wa mgwalangwa, womwe kwawo ndi chilumba cha Java. Koma ngati mutathandizira chikondwererochi kutentha kwambiri, kuwala bwino m'chipindacho komanso chinyezi, mtengowo umakula mwachangu. Imafika pamtunda wamamita 15 ndipo imakhala ndi thunthu losalala.
Mtengo wa kanjedza wowoneka ngati kanjedza wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Lero ndi imodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino kwambiri zamkati, monga sizofunikira kwambiri. Chingwe ndicholimbana ndi chisanu kwambiri, sichifunikira kuti umuna nthawi zambiri.
Mtengo wa kanjedza wa Livistona.
Zosamalidwa
Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse. Ndikofunika kuthirira madzi pafupipafupi, koma osachulukitsa, ndi bwino ndikakhazikika ndi madzi. Madzi amadzimadzi otentha amatha kuwononga chomera chanu. Ndikwabwino kukhala ndi chinyezi chambiri mchipindamo, kumwaza masamba ndi madzi.
Chipindacho chizikhala ndi magetsi abwino, koma dzuwa lochulukirapo silolandiridwa. Dzuwa likadzagunda, masamba a mbewu adzauma ndikuwuma. Pokonza bwino, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kutentha, osachepera + 20 ° C. Pamatenthedwe otsika, kanjedza limayamba kupweteka ndipo mwina limangofa.
Rapis (Rhapis)
Ndi kanjedza kakang'ono ngati chitsamba, kamene sikakula kupitirira mamita 3. Kamakhala ndi thunthu loonda komanso masamba awiri osalala komanso osalala. Maluwa ndi achikasu, zipatso sizipezeka kawirikawiri. Malo obadwirirako ndi China. Chimakula pang'onopang'ono, koma monga chomera pakhomo sichilingana.
Mtengo wa kanjedza umalekerera kusowa kwa kuwala komanso kuwuma. Pofuna kuzizira, muyenera kuyika mtengo wa kanjedza m'chipinda chozizira kapena chozizira. Mitundu ya kanjedza iyi ndi yofanana kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imasokonezeka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikuphatikizapo Rhapis yopambana, Rhapis humilis ndi Rhapis subtilis.
Palma Rapis (Rhapis).
Zosamalidwa
Mtengo wa kanjedza umafunika kubzalidwa m'nthaka yokhala acidic, yopanda tanthauzo. Sichofunika kwambiri pamadzi, koma iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi okhazikika kapena osasefedwa. Chinyezi ndikolandilidwa koma osafunikira. Palm samakonda zipinda zopepuka kwambiri, chifukwa ndikamayang'ana mwachindunji ndi dzuwa, imayamba kupweteka.
Rapis imakhala yolimbana ndi kutentha kochepa - imatha kupirira mpaka - 8 ° C, koma kutentha kuchokera + 15 ° C mpaka + 20 ° C ndizabwino kwambiri. M'nyengo yotentha, rapis imatha kutengedwera kunja, koma sankhani malo kuti mtengo wa mgwalangwa ukhale mthunzi. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zili mkati mwake sizimayambitsa mavuto apadera ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene.
Chameerops
Ichi ndi mtengo wa kanjedza wolima pang'onopang'ono, womwe kwawo ndi dera la Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Imafika kutalika kotalika mamita 5. thunthu lake limakutidwa ndi ulusi wofiirira. Masamba ndiwobiriwira wakuda, olimba kwambiri komanso wandiweyani. Zomwe zimayambira masamba ali ndi masamba. Mwambiri, mtengo wa kanjedza uli ndi mitengo ingapo yambiri yomwe ili moyandikana. Mtengo wa kanjedza umazolowera zinthu zapanyumba mosavuta, ngati mutsatira malangizowo posamalira.
Palm Chameerops (Chamaerops).
Zosamalidwa
Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira kwambiri. Kutsirira ndikofunikira nthawi zonse, koma osati kuchuluka. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka kumatha kuthandizira kuwola kwa mizu. Chipindacho, chomwe chili ndi kanjedza, chizikhala dzuwa. Chameroops ndi olimba kwambiri, amalekerera kutentha ndi kutsika kokwanira mpaka mpaka -10 ° C. Ngati matenthedwe acheperako, muyenera kusamalira mizu ya mbewuyo, kuipukuta ndi zojambulazo.
Posunga nthawi yachisanu, mtengo wa kanjedza uziyikidwa m'chipinda; kutentha kwakukulu kungakhale pafupifupi + 5 ° C. Ndikothekanso kuyika mbewuyo nthawi yachisanu m'malo amdima. Pakumapeto kwa kuzizira, kuyenera kuyikidwanso m'malo opepuka. Kupatsirana pafupipafupi kumafunikira.
Izi ndi mitengo yambewu yowerengeka yomwe mungalimire kunyumba kenako ndikusangalala ndi kukongola kwa mbewu zachilendozi. Kuyambira zazing'ono mpaka zazikulu, kuchokera ku mtundu mpaka wobiriwira wowala, mwambiri, mutha kusankha mtengo wa kanjedza ku kukoma kwanu.
Ndikufuna ndidziwe chidziwitso chanu chodzikongoletsera. Lembani izi m'mawu ake mpaka nkhaniyi.
