Zomera zabwino za phwetekere zimangopezeka kuchokera mbande zabwino. Chifukwa chachilimwe chaposachedwa, nyengo nyengo m'malo ena sizilola kuti tomato azikula mwanjira ina. Ndiye chifukwa chake, kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Marichi, alimi ndi olima maluwa ayamba kubzala mbande kunyumba.
Kuti zokolola zam'tsogolo za phwetekere zisakukhumudwitseni, muyenera kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi malamulo obzala mbewu, kutula mbande, ndi njira zothirira komanso kuvalira.
Kufesa mbewu za phwetekere mbande
Dothi lomwe lidzagwiritsidwe ntchito kufesa mbewu liyenera kuzizira kwa masabata awiri asanadzalemo pa khonde lozizira kapena mumsewu. Njira yofunikirayi ndiyofunikira pakuwongolera tizilombo. Si chinsinsi kuti tizilombo ndi mphutsi, zowopsa kwa mbewu, zimasungabe ntchito zawo zofunikira m'nthaka.
Mbewu zimafunikiranso kukonzekera mwapadera - izi zimawasunga mu njira ya manganese, akuwukha biostimulator ndi kuwumitsa kovomerezeka.
Ndipo chinthu china chofunikira ndikubzala mbewu zosabzala zonse. Mabokosi, makapu, miphika kapena zotengera zimatsukidwa bwino musanadzaze ndi dothi m'njira yofooka ya manganese. Zotengera zonse ziyenera kukhala ndi mabowo ndi zotchingira madzi.
Ntchito yofesa mbewu imachitika motere:
- Ma tank amakhala odzaza ndi dothi lonyowa.
- Dothi losakanikirana limakunguliridwa ndipo masamba ang'onoang'ono amakumba kwakutali masentimita atatu kuchokera wina ndi mnzake pakuya kwa 0.5 cm.
- Mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi 1 cm.
- Mbewu zobzalidwa zimaphwanyidwa ndi dothi loonda (osaposa 1 cm).
Zotetezazo, pamodzi ndi mapilogalamu, zimayikidwa m'chipinda chamdima koma chotentha, mutaziphimba ndi filimu iliyonse. Chipinda chowala bwino, nyemba zimatha kuwirira ndikuwala kwadzuwa ndipo sipadzakhala mbande.
Chotsani kanemayo atatha pafupifupi masiku 6-7. Pakadali pano, mphukira zoyambirira zayamba kale kuwonekera, ndipo adzafunika dzuwa lokwanira.
Sankhani mbande ya phwetekere
Pomwe masamba osachepera awiri atapangidwa pambewu zachichepere, ndipo pafupifupi milungu iwiri pambuyo pake, mutha kuyamba kusankha. Mbande ziyenera kuikidwa mu makapu akuluakulu kapena miphika. Pakadali pano pakukula mbande, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina m'malo mwake muli - mabotolo apulasitiki, mabokosi ndi mitsuko ya yogati, msuzi, mayonesi, kefir, ndi zina.
Ngati njere zidabzalidwa nthawi imodzi mumphika umodzi, ndiye kuti kutola kumachitika mosavuta komanso mwachangu kudzera mu transshipment. Zomera, limodzi ndi mtanda wa dothi, zimasunthidwa mosamala kupita ku chidebe chokulirapo. Njirayi imathandizanso mbewu zamavuto zomwe zimapeza panthawi yodzala, ndikuchepetsa nthawi yosinthira kukhala yochepera kupita kumalo atsopano.
Ngati mbande imamera mu bokosi lalikulu lamatabwa, ndiye kuti mukutola, mmera uliwonse umasiyanitsidwa mosiyana ndi wina ndi kuuyika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Ngati muzu wochepa thupi uwonongeka, mbewuyo imafunikabe kuti ibzalidwe, momwe chikhalidwechi chimakhalira bwino nthawi zonse. Ozindikira okhala pachilimwe ngakhale amadula mwamphamvu muzu kuti mizu yotsatana nayo izionekera mwachangu.
Ngati muzu udasokonekera mwangozi mukabzala, mutha kuthira mbewuyo m'madzi ndipo posachedwa mizu yatsopano ipangidwe.
Kuthirira mbande za phwetekere
Tomato - mbewu iyi imagwira kutentha pang'ono ndi chilala. Kuthirira mbewu izi kumafuna zolimbitsa. Ndi chinyezi chambiri, mbewuyo imayamba kutambalala, ndi chitetezo chofooka.
Kuyambira pakubzala mbewu mpaka kutola, njira yothiririra imasinthidwa pagawo lililonse. Pamera kumera, mbewu zobzalidwa zimathiriridwa kamodzi patsiku m'mawa ndi madzi otentha m'chipinda. Kutsirira kungasinthidwe ndikumwaza nthaka.
Kuyambira pomwe mbande zikuwonekera, kuthilira kumachitika masiku asanu ndi awiri ofunda, okhathamira kapena osasankhidwa amadzi. Munthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musalole kuthilira kwamadzi m'nthaka, chifukwa mbewu zazing'ono zimadwala "mwendo wakuda" ndikufa. Chinyezi sayeneranso kukhala okwera, ndikofunikira kuchita pafupipafupi mpweya wabwino, makamaka nyengo yotentha ndi dzuwa.
Mukatenga mbande za phwetekere, kuthilira kumachitika pokhapokha kuyanika dothi lakumwamba, ndiye kuti ngati kuli koyenera. Nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kumasula dothi m'malo mongothirira nthawi zonse.
Kuthira feteleza mbande
Mukakulitsa mbande za phwetekere, kuvala pamwamba kumayikidwa katatu ndikupanga kwa masiku 15. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mbande zimadyetsedwa pambuyo pake (pafupifupi theka la mwezi). Aliyense wokhala pachilimwe amatha kusankha chimodzi mwazakudya za feteleza kapena michere yazinthu zosavuta kwa iye:
- Kuti akonze zovalazo zapamwamba, urea (0,5 g), superphosphate (4 magalamu), mchere wa potaziyamu (1.5 magalamu) ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre adzafunika.
- Feteleza uyu ali ndi malita awiri a madzi otentha ndi supuni ya phulusa la nkhuni. Ntchito pambuyo kulowetsedwa ndi kusefa tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Chovala ichi chimakhala ndi ammonium nitrate (pafupifupi 0,5 gramu), superphosphate (pafupifupi 4 magalamu), potaziyamu sulfate (2 magalamu) ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre.
- Kulowetsedwa komwe kumapangidwa pokhazikitsidwa ndi zikopa za nthochi kapena mazira amaonjezerapo madzi (m'chiyerekezo cha chimodzi mpaka zitatu) ndikugwiritsira ntchito kuthirira.
Kukonzekera: Zachakudya zozikika zimathiridwa mumtsuko wa lita-3 (woposa theka la mtsukowo) ndikuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda. Kwa masiku atatu, amadzimadzi amathandizidwa m'malo amdima komanso otentha.
Kuzunza mbande za phwetekere
Kusungidwa kwa mbande ya phwetekere kumachitika ndi kutentha kosachepera 12 madigiri. Pakati pa kasupe, zotentha zotere zimatha kupangidwa pa loggia kapena khonde lokongoletsedwa. Njirayi imathandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo chomera. Mbande zouma zimakhala zosavuta kulekerera kutentha kosazungulira ndi ma radiation a ultraviolet.
Sabata yoyamba, zonyamula mmera zili khonde lotsekedwa. Kuyambira sabata yachiwiri, mbewu pang'onopang'ono amazolowera mpweya wozizira. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsegula zenera pazenera tsiku lililonse, choyamba kwa mphindi 20, kenako pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera mphindi 10-15. Kuumitsa kumeneku kumapitilira mpaka ndikusinthidwa kukhala mabedi otseguka. Lisanadze tsiku lobzala mbande mu nthaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya mbewu mu mpweya wabwino kwa maola 24.
Popanda khonde, ndizotheka kuyambitsa kuwumitsa pawindo, nthawi yomweyo ndikutsegula zenera.
Mbande, yomwe imapatsa mbewu yayikulu, iyenera kukhala ndi masamba akuluakulu owoneka bwino amtundu wakuda wobiriwira ndi masamba okonzeka kutsegulidwa. Maonekedwe abwino ngati amenewa amatha kupezeka mbande, zomwe zimayang'aniridwa moyenera komanso moleza mtima.
