Brigamy

Zabwino monga ziphuphu (Brighamia) ndizogwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la Campanulaceae. Mtengawu umatchedwanso "kanjedza ka Hawaii", popeza umafanana ndi kanjedza, umatchedwanso "kabichi pamwendo", "Palm-volcano".

Brigamy adakhalapo padziko lapansi pano kwa zaka zopitilila miliyoni, koma amalima maluwa posachedwapa adalabadira. Agogo a chomerachi amakonda kukula pamphepete mwa mapiri a Hawaii, ndipo adasintha mawonekedwe awo pang'onopang'ono. Panali kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kukula kwa maluwa (mpaka ma 15 sentimita) ndipo adayamba kukhala amphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, tizilombo timakhala Padziko Lapansi, lomwe linali ndi nthawi yayitali ya proboscis. Zinali tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timafota. Anthu oyamba atayamba kukhala ku zilumba za Hawaii, chilengedwe kumeneko chasintha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, makamaka, tizilombo tomwe tidatulutsa mungu timene tidasiyidwa, chifukwa chomaliza chija chidawopsezedwa kuti chitha. Chowonadi ndi chakuti popanda kupukutira, zipatso ndi mbewu zomwe zidamera izi sizinawonekere. Ndipo popanda mbewu, kunalibe mbewu zazing'ono. Zaka 12 zapitazo, mbewu iyi inali pafupi kutha. Komabe, adatha kupulumuka, ndipo zikomo zonse kwa asayansi omwe amagwira ntchito ku Hawaii's National Tropical Park (National Tr tropical Botanical Garden NTBG). Iwo anali oyamba kuyambitsa ntchito zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupulumutsa oyimilira a chomera omwe akuwopsezedwa kuti atha. Adasankha kupukutira brigamy ndi dzanja, pomwe asayansi angapo olimba mtima omwe adakwera kale adalimbika. Kupukuta akuyenera kuchita pamalo opitilira 1 miliyoni mikono pamwamba pa nyanja. Chifukwa cha asayansi awa, anthu amathabe kusirira brigamy ndikulandila mbewu kuchokera pamenepo. Komanso ndi iwo omwe adayambitsa pulogalamuyi, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupulumutsa oyimilira amtunduwu wazomera.

Mu zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi za zana lomaliza, mbewu za mbewu izi zidali m'zofufuza zamakampani aku Dutch a Plant Planet. Imachita kulimidwa kwa mbewu wamba wamba. Ndiko komwe brigamy tsopano imakulitsidwa ndikugawa, yomwe aliyense akhoza kukongoletsa nyumba yawo lero.

Tsinde losakhala ngati botolo lamkati lamtunduwu limakhala lamtundu kwambiri, ndipo chinyezi chambiri chimatha kudzikiramo. Chifukwa cha izi, mtengowu umatha kupulumuka nthawi yayitali. Pamwamba pa tsinde pali masamba obiriwira omwe asungidwa m'miyendo. Kutalika kwa masamba obiriwira oterewa sikungakhale kupitirira masentimita 30. Pamaso pawo pali utoto wa sera, ndipo kunja ndi ofanana ndi masamba kabichi. Masamba otsika amatha kumera chikasu ndi kugwa pakakula. Pamalo omwe adalumikizidwa ndi tsinde, amadzimadzuwa azungu oyera, omwe samayimira vuto lililonse. Pansi pazachilengedwe, izi zokoma zimatha kutalika kwa 3 mita, ndipo kukhala mkati, kutalika kwake pafupifupi konse kupitirira masentimita 100. Thunthu la toyesa wachichepere ndiwobiriwira komanso wosalala, pamene limakula, mtundu wake umakhala imvi, ndipo mawonekedwe akuwoneka pamwamba (amafufuza kuchokera pamanda akufa masamba). Maluwa achikasu achikasu, ophatikizidwa ndi petals 5, amapezeka m'magulu a 3-8 pcs. Whisk imakhala ndi mainchesi 1 mpaka 3 sentimita, kutalika kwa chubu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 7 mpaka 14 cm.

Pamaso pa thunthu lopanda dongo kapena lofiirira, lomwe limakhala lokhazikika pansipa, ndipo pansi amatha kukhala osalala kapena owoneka, maluwa amawoneka. Maluwa onunkhira a Vanilla amaphulika mu Seputembara-Okutobala.

Chisamaliro cha Brigamy kunyumba

Kupepuka

M'nyengo yozizira, kuti mukaike chomera ichi, muyenera kusankha zenera lakum'mwera, chifukwa imafuna kuwala kambiri. Pang'onopang'ono Brigamy amazolowera kuwongolera kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kuyamba kwa masika, ndizo zonse, chifukwa kutentha kwa dzuwa kumatha kupanga pamwamba pa tsinde chifukwa cha khungwa loonda. M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imakhala nthawi yopumira. Pakadali pano, ziyenera kuzimitsidwa kuchokera ku kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo ngati izi sizinachitike, ndiye kuti chomera chimatha kugwetsa masamba onse. Ambiri olima dimba amalangiza kuyika brigamia m'mundamo kapena khonde nthawi yotentha, ndikumakumbukira kuti panja panthawiyi dzuwa limapilira. M'masiku oyambilira a malimwe, duwa limabwezeretsedwa m'chipindacho, pomwe limamasuka posachedwa. Ndipo mutha kusilira maluwa ake osazolowereka mpaka Novembala.

Mitundu yotentha

Chomera choterocho chimakonda kutentha kwambiri. M'nyengo yotentha, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikule pa kutentha osachepera 25-27 madigiri. M'nyengo yozizira, onetsetsani kuti kutentha m'chipindacho sikutsikira madigiri 15. Zimachitika molakwika kwambiri ku hypothermia ya mizu.

Chinyezi

Chinyezi chachikulu chikufunika, chomwe chikuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 65-75 peresenti. Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mumize chomera tsiku lililonse kuchokera pachomera chaching'ono.

Momwe mungamwere

Madzi abwino amatha kuchuluka m'chigoge chambiri, chifukwa chake amatha kupulumuka nthawi yayitali. Amadziwika kuti popanda kuthirira mbewu ngati imeneyi kumatha kuchita mpaka miyezi 1.5. Kuthirira kuyenera kukhala pang'ono komanso pokhapokha dothi ladzaza. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yotentha, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi 1 pa sabata, komanso nthawi yozizira - nthawi 1 m'masabata 4. Ngati chomera chimathirira madzi kwambiri, ndiye kuti mizu yake imatha kuvunda. Pothirira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda (madigiri 2-4 kuposa kutentha kwa mpweya).

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Chomera chimadyetsedwa nthawi yamasika-chilimwe nthawi 1 m'masabata 4. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wa cacti, yemwe ayenera kusungunuka m'madzi omwe akufuna kuthirira.

Kusakaniza kwadothi

Dothi loyenera liyenera kukhala lamadzi lotsekemera ndi kutsitsidwa bwino, chifukwa zowola zimawoneka pamizu. Pofuna kukonza dothi, mchenga uyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi dothi logulidwa la cacti, lomwe liyenera kutengedwa palimodzi. Gawo laling'ono liyenera kukhala acidic pang'ono (kuyambira 5.0 mpaka 6.0) kapena osalowerera ndale (kuchokera pa 0.6 mpaka 0.7).

Zinthu Zogulitsa

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndikasendeza ndikasupe. Mitundu ya achinyamata imagulitsidwa kamodzi pachaka, ndipo achikulire - kamodzi pachaka 2 kapena 3. Miphika yoyenera iyenera kukhala yotakata komanso yotsika. Chifukwa chake, mbale za bonsai ndizoyenera, pansi pomwe pali mabowo azotulutsira madziwo. Ndizonse, chifukwa mbewu yabwinoyi ili ndi mizu yomwe ili pamlingo woyambira masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Musaiwale kupanga dongo labwino lokwanira dothi lokwezedwa pansi pazotengera, makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi sentimita 3-5.

Njira zolerera

Mutha kufalitsa ndi njere, koma chifukwa cha izi muyenera kupukuta maluwa ndi dzanja. Itha kufalikira ndi kudula. Nthawi yomweyo, zodulidwazo zimachotsedwa kumtunda kwa tsinde, ndipo zimamera pomwe zimawonongeka. Shank imasiyidwa kwa masiku awiri panja kuti ipangike. Pambuyo pake, imayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha pamchenga, yomwe imayenera kukhala youma komanso yoyera. Musaiwale kuyatsira mini-wowonjezera kutentha tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso nyowetsani phesi ndi madzi ofunda kuchokera kwa sapopera pang'ono.

Tizilombo ndi matenda

Nthawi zambiri kangaude mumakhala masamba. Gulugufe kapena aphid amathanso kukhazikika.

Zinsinsi za kukula kwa ziphuphu

Kuti mukule bwino izi zabwino, muyenera kudzidziwa nokha ndi maupangiri ochepa ochokera kwa alimi odziwa zambiri.

1. Masamba akayamba kupanga chomera, komanso nthawi ya maluwa, sangathe kuzunguliridwa ndi kuwala. Kupanda kutero, masamba onse amatha kugwa. Kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, brigamy imalimbikitsidwa kuti iunikire, pomwe masana ayenera kukhala pafupifupi maola 12. Chifukwa chake, kuti mukhale ndi kutalika kofunikira masana, muyenera kuyatsa nyali zapadera maola 2 asanafike mbandakucha, komanso madzulo.
2. Chifukwa cha kupsinjika, mmera umatha kuthira masamba ake onse. Chifukwa chake, kupsinjika kumatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwakukuru kwa kuyatsa, kusintha kuchokera nthawi yachisanu kupita chilimwe, kukhalapo kwa chinyezi chochulukirapo, kuwonjezeka kwa tizirombo, kuyenda kwa duwa kuchokera ku sitolo kupita ku nyumba. Poterepa, mbewuyi imasiya masamba ake ngati chitetezo. Komabe, zitaphatikizidwa, timapepala tatsopano timakula msanga.
3. Ngati kumtunda kwa tsindeyo kwawonongeka, ndiye kuti masamba omwe ali pamenepo akhoza kudzuka, chifukwa cha momwe "korona "yo imadzikulitsa kwambiri.
4. Sopo yofunda, yokonzedwa kamodzi pa masabata anayi, imakhala ndi phindu pamtengowo, koma madzi sayenera kutentha. Mutha kukonzanso sauna "brigamy", ngati zingatheke. Kuti muchite izi, mu kanyumba kadzowa podzaza ndi nthunzi, ndikofunikira kuyika zokoma kwa maola 5-6 (osazimitsa magetsi).

Mitundu yayikulu

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mbewu yotere: miyala yamiyala (Brighamia rockii) ndi brigamy insignis (Brighamia insignis). Ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana kwambiri. Amasiyana m'miyeso, motero pathanthwe la brigamia, imatupa pansi ndipo pang'onopang'ono imayamba kugwa. Ngakhale ku brigamia, mawonekedwe a duwa amatha kukhala ndi utoto wamaso kapena oyera, ndipo ku brigamia mwala umakhala wachikasu kwambiri. Komabe, sizingatheke kudziwa mtundu wa mbewuyo pazomwezi, chifukwa maluwa oyera ndi achikaso amatha kukhalapo pa lingaliro limodzi. Monga lamulo, corolla imakhala ndi miyala ya 5, koma nthawi yomweyo pali maluwa okhala ndi petals 6 kapena 7, komanso mitundu yonse iwiri. Zipatso ndi mbewu za chipinda chouma ziwiri, zomwe m'litali zimatha kufika 1.5 mpaka 2 cm, ndipo m'lifupi - kuchokera 1 mpaka 1.5 sentimita. Zipatso zakupsa zimakhalira m'miyala iwiri, pambuyo pake mbewuzo zimatulutsa. Mbeu zazing'onoting'ono zazitali zimafikira sentimita imodzi yokha. Mitundu iwiri ya mbewu zotere imasiyanitsidwa ndi mbewu. Chifukwa chake, m'miyala yamiyala ya brigamia ndi yosalala, ndipo mu brigamia insignia ma tubercles ang'ono amakhala pansi pawo, chifukwa chake amakhala akuthwa mpaka kukhudza.