Banja la Gesneria lidapereka maluwa ambiri okongola m'nyumba, monga koleriya, gloxinia, zolemba, komanso, senpole, wotchedwanso uzambara violets. Ganizirani momwe zimakhalira zovuta kuwasamalira kunyumba.
Kufotokozera kwamaluwa
Zomera zing'onozing'onozi zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa ozunguliridwa amaso okhala ndi masamba okhala pansi adatchuka kwambiri chifukwa chokongoletsa kwambiri komanso kuzindikira.
Pazaka zambiri zomwe alimiwa, obereketsa akhala akuberekera mitundu yoposa 900 ya Saintpaulia, yosiyana ndi kukula kwa malo, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa.
Ngakhale wobzala woyamba kwambiri atha kumera senpolia. Komabe, monga mbewu ina iliyonse, imafunikira malo ofanana ndi chilengedwe chake. Mungamupatse bwanji chilichonse chofunikira kuti akwaniritse kukula mwachangu komanso maluwa owala kwambiri omwe amakonda kwambiri kunyumba?
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kusamalira kunyumba kwa senpolia sikungakhale vuto ngati mumatsatira malamulo otsatirawa. Pangani microclimate yoyenera, ndipo adzakuyankhani ndi kukula bwino komanso maluwa.
Monga mitundu ina ya ma violets, Saintpaulia azikongoletsa nyumba yanuKuwala ndi kutentha
Monga maluwa ambiri oterera, senpolis imafunikira pakuwala kokwaniraKomabe, sakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji. Mu nthawi yamasika ndi koyambilira kwa chilimwe, maluwa omwe amapezeka kum'mawa, kumwera chakum'mawa ndi kumwera kwa mazenera nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuwala. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ukonde wa udzudzu kapena chidebe cha izi.
Kutalika kwa nthawi masana ndikofunika kwambiri: kukakhala maola 12-14, mmera umaphuka kwambiri ndikukula msanga wobiriwira, pomwe ungagwire, violet imagona. Mosiyana ndi abale ake ambiri otumphukira, Saintpaulia samataya masamba nthawi yachisanu, koma ikukula ndikutulutsa masamba atsopano.
Kuwala kwa mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito ma LED kapena nyali ya fluorescent kumalola chaka chonse amasilira maluwa. Komabe, nthawi ndi nthawi ndizoyenerabe kupereka mbewuyo miyezi yambiri yopumira.
Mfundo ina yofunikira pakukula bwino kwamaluwa ndi maluwa ndi kutentha kwa m'chipinda. Saintpaulia sakonda kutentha ndi kutentha mwadzidzidzi, kumamveka bwino madigiri 18-25 Celsius. Mtengowo umaloleza kuzizira, umalekerera kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa pang'ono mpaka madigiri 5-6.
Kuwala kwapang'ono ndiye bwenzi labwino kwambiri la Uzambara violet, chifukwa likuwopa kuwala kwa dzuwaMmodzi mwa adani owopsa a senpolia ndi usodzi. Ngakhale m'miyezi yotentha osavomerezeka Zomera panja ndikusiya pawindo lotseguka.
Ma senpolias osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi kuwala kochulukirapo kuposa masamba awo obiriwira, masamba osakwanira amatha kutaya, kukula masamba a monophonic.
Dothi komanso kuvala kwapamwamba kwa Saintpaulia
Ma senpolia amafunikira michere yambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo kuwala, mpweya wabwino, osalowerera kapena acidic pang'ono. M'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa, zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi dothi zakonzeka zimayimiriridwa kwambiri.
Ngati mukufuna, mutha kupanga gawo loyera la ma violets ndi manja anu ndikupanga zotsatirazi:
| Chothandizira | Mukufuna zochuluka motani |
| Nthaka yabwino | 6 zidutswa |
| Perlite | 1 gawo |
| Vermiculite | 1 gawo |
| Moss sphagnum | 1 gawo |
| Malasha | 1 gawo |
Musaiwale za kutunga madzi: ngakhale dothi lokha lili ndi zambiri zofunikira, ndikofunikira kuyika pansi pamphika. Sphagnum imasinthidwa bwino ndi coconut fiber kapena dothi lotayirira.
Perlite, monga dongo lokwezedwa, imagwira ntchito ngati ngalande yabwino, koma ndioyenera kwambiri ngati ma violets.Mfundo ina yofunika yomwe muyenera kulabadira, kuti senpolia ikukula bwino ndipo limamasula ndi feteleza. Zowonjezera za maluwa amenewa sizikhala zovulaza kuposa kusowa kwawo - violet yadzala ndi nayitrogeni amapanga zotulutsa zoipa ndipo amawola mosavuta kuchokera pakusefukira pang'ono.
Kupezeka kwakukulu kwa phosphorous m'nthaka kumalepheretsa mbewu kuti isalowe ndi chitsulo ndipo imatsogolera masamba achikasu - chlorosis.
Munthawi yakukula, Uzambara violets amadyetsedwa masabata awiri aliwonse ndi yankho la feteleza wophatikiza wazomera zamaluwa, Mlingo womwe umayenera kukhala theka womwe umavomerezedwa ndi malangizowo.
M'nyengo yozizira, ngati, chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa masana masana, duwa adalowa mu mpumulo, safuna feteleza. Ndi zowunikira zokwanira, kuvala pamwamba kumatha kuyikidwa chaka chonse.
Feteleza pansi pa senpolia umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ulimi wothirira. Mavalidwe apamwamba kwambiri kwa iwo si lingaliro labwino, chifukwa masamba otentha a mbewuzi samakonda chinyezi chambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri samalimbikitsidwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa
Mizu yocheperako, yapamwamba kwambiri ya senpolia imachita mantha kupitilira muyeso, koma imawopa kwambiri bay. Ngati, ndikusowa chinyezi, chomera chikunena vuto chakuchotsa masamba omwe amatenga turgor ndikuwongola maola angapo mutathilira, ndiye kuti zochulukazo zimakhala zodzola.
Chifukwa chake, Saintpaulia iyenera kuthiriridwa pamene dothi lomwe lili mumphika litakhala ndi nthawi yowuma, pafupifupi - kamodzi pakatha masiku 4-5, osagwera masamba, ndipo makamaka - pakatikati pa malo ogulitsira.
Uzambar violet ndikwanira chinyezi chochepa m'nyumba, koma ngati mphika uli pawindo pafupi ndi batri, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyika poto wokhala ndi wofinya pafupi ndi duwa, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi onjezerani madzi poto iyi.
Kuwaza mayiko oyera sikofunikira ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala koopsa.
Mphika wa Saintpaulia
Popeza mizu ya mbewuyo ilibe mphamvu kwambiri, mumphika waukulu dothi silingakhazikike ndipo imayamba kuyamba kuwira. Chifukwa chake, mphika wa senpolia uyenera kukhala wocheperako komanso wosaya.
Kukula kwabwino ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha ma violets, ngakhale ngati mukufuna kugula maluwa akuluakuluChomera chimakhala chofunikira kumuika kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, osathamangira nacho - Uzambara violet imamva bwino ngakhale mum'thumba zazing'ono, zomwe ndizambiri chaching'ono kuposa kutulutsa masamba. Mukabzala, simuyenera kuthirira mbewu tsiku lotsatira kapena awiri.
Matenda a Uzambara violet
Nthawi zambiri, matenda a senpolia amasokonezedwa ndi chisamaliro chovuta kapena zovuta. Chifukwa chake, kuthandize kwawo bwino, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe ndikuchotsa chomwe chinayambitsa iwo. Kupanda kutero, anthu ena okhala pazenera amatha kuvutika.
Matenda otsatirawa ndiofala kwambiri:
- Powdery Mildew Masamba otentha obiriwira ndi okutidwa ndi utoto, amakumbukiranso zokutidwa kwa ufa, zomwe sizingathandize kuyesa kufafaniza - zimabwereranso kumalo otetezedwa. Zomera zimasiya kuphukakufooketsa.
Matendawa amakwiya ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bowa atukuke, monga chinyontho chowonjezereka, fumbi lokhalidwa pamasamba, kusowa kwa kuyatsa, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka, komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo chomera.
Monga chithandizo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti chomera chiwerengedwe kawiri ndi Fundazole kapena kachilombo kena mwa masiku khumi.
- Utoto wonyezimira umawoneka ngati mtundu wa bulauni wonyezimira womwe umawonekera pamasamba, maluwa, ndi dothi mumphika womwe ukuwola pansi pake. Ndi dothi, kapena m'malo, zotsalira za mbewu zodwala zomwe zimakhalamo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala gwero la matenda.
Chifukwa chake analimbikitsa kuthira madzi otentha kapena potaziyamu permanganate yothetsera kubzala gawo lapansi, ngakhale itagulidwa m'sitolo. Kukula kwa matendawa nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kutentha.
Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zowola zimafunikira kuti ziwotchedwe, zomwe zimatha kubwezeretsedwanso zimathandizidwa ndi fungicides nthawi 2-3 ndi gawo la masiku 10-14, ndikuchotsa masamba ndi maluwa owola.
- Fusarium Matendawa amafotokozedwanso monga kuvunda kwa kutulutsa. Ndi iyo, mizu ndi petioles ya masamba pafupi ndi nthaka imadetsedwa ndikuola. Zomera nthawi zambiri zimadwala chifukwa cha kusefukira, kusunga chipinda chozizira, dothi lolemera momwe chinyezi chimasunthira, komanso podzala mumphika wambiri.
Fusarium spores imaletseka m'nthaka, motero, isanabzike, gawo lapansi liyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi otentha kapena kuzizira, ndipo monga njira yothanirana, ma violets amathiriridwa madzi osafunikira pakatha miyezi iwiri yankho lililonse fungicidal mankhwala.
Fusarium - fungus yowopsa yomwe imatsogolera pazotsatira zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri za duwaZomera zodwala zimathandizidwanso ndi fundazole kapena fungicides, ngakhale mwayi wopulumutsidwa ndi wowerengeka. Pakukonza, chiwembu chomwechi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati vuto la imvi.
- Zithunzi zoyenera. Matendawa amafalikira kudzera kuluma kwa tizirombo ndipo pang'onopang'ono amasokoneza thanzi la chomera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masamba azikhala ndi masamba, kenako kufa. Masamba ndi masamba apafupipafupi amakhala opindika, wokutidwa ndi motoka, wopotozedwa.
Palibe mankhwala ochiritsika ndi viral mosaic. Odwala a senpolia ayenera kuwonongeka kuti apewe matenda a toyesa matenda opatsa thanzi.
Nthawi zina mbewu zomwe zimayambukiridwa ndi viral mosaic zimagulitsa wodzipangira ngati makina amisipuni.
Sikovuta kusiyanitsa duwa labwino ndi kachilombo lomwe lili ndi kachilombo - m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mtundu wokhawo umasinthidwa, pomwe Wazambara violet wodwalayo wasintha, ngati masamba oterera, maluwa ang'onoang'ono komanso makande opota.
Tizilombo ta Senpolia
Uzambara violet palibe tizirombo tina, tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi tizirombo toopsa tomwe timayikamo nyumba zambiri:
Ma nsabwe amatenga timadziti tonse kuchokera ku chomera, ndikuchulukana mwachangu kwambiri- Maulusi a kangaude ndi ochepa, osawoneka ndi maso a arthropods, mawonekedwe awo ndi zooneka ngati pepala papulasitiki.
- Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono kuposa mamilimita tating'onoting'ono. Nthawi zambiri amabisala m'nthaka ndikumamatira kumizu. Zomera zovulala onse akulu ndi mphutsi zawo.
- Ma nsabwe ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, wopanda mapiko kapena mapiko, amimvi, obiriwira, achikaso achikuda, osagwira ntchito, koma obalana mwachangu kwambiri. Amayamwa timadziti mu chomera, ndikumayambitsa ndi shuga, komwe kumakhala gawo labwino kwambiri pofalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zida zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga majeremusi, kuyambira ndi mankhwala, monga Actellik, Aktara, ndi kutha ndi zithandizo za wowerengeka - yankho la phulusa la nkhuni, madzi a sopo, kuchepetsedwa ndi mankhwalawa. Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chimodzi sichimapereka mphamvu, ndipo ziyenera kubwerezedwa kawiri kapena katatu.
Odwala a senpolia ayenera kukhala payokha - tizirombo, ngati atayamba kuziwononga, ayamba kufunafuna nyumba yatsopano, ndikulowera kumera oyandikana nawo.
Komanso, pofuna kupewa matenda a maluwa athanzi, ndibwino kwakanthawi kulekedwa Zomera zogulidwa zatsopano. Nthawi zambiri izi zimafunikira pamene kachilombo kamene kamapezeka kachilombo mkati mwa tiziromboti. Mwachitsanzo, iyi ndi imodzi mwazomwe mungapulumutsire orchid pakagwidwa matenda.
Kufalitsa maluwa
Kufalikira kwa senpolia, komanso mbewu zina za banja la a Gesneriaceae, nthawi zambiri zimachitidwa mokulira. Mbeu za Violet ndizochepa kwambiri, mbande zimakhala zachifundo ndipo zimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa chake, pofesa mbewu, zimangodzala zongofuna kubereka, chifukwa chake njirayi siyothandiza mlimi wophweka. Zoyenera kuchita ngati mukufuna mtundu wina wa mbewu yomwe mumakonda?
Leaf
Kukula tsamba zosavuta kwambiri komanso zopanda nkhawa njira. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera tsamba limodzi kuchokera pachitsamba chabwino. Ndikwabwino kuti muzitenga kuchokera kwachiwiri kuchokera pamizere yotsika ya masamba. Tsamba limadulidwa kuti likhale ndi masentimita 3-4 a petiole. Choyambacho chitha kukhala chowongoka kapena chowonekera.
Mukamafalitsa mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ma chimera, muyenera kusankha tsamba lokongoletsedwa, koma osati masamba obiriwira, apo ayi ana obwera adzadulidwa masamba.
Ngati pepalalo silitha kuikidwa nthawi yomweyo m'madzi kapena dothi, kapena litatumizidwa ndi makalata komanso litakwinyika pang'ono, muyenera kulitsitsa kuti likhale lofooka, lotenthetsera pang'ono la potaziyamu wa potaziyamu kwa maola atatu, zitatha pukutsani gawo iye ndi kuyamba kuzika mizu.
Onetsetsani kuti tsamba limatsalira masentimita angapo a petioleM'madzi
Pali njira ziwiri zozika tsamba la Saintpaulia: m'madzi ndi m'nthaka. Ngati yakhazikika m'madzi, ndikofunikira kusankha chidebe chagalasi chakuda kapena kukulunga ndi pepala - mizu yaying'ono imawopa dzuwa.
Madzi omwe ali mu thanki safunikira kusinthidwa, ngakhale atayamba kutulutsa, kungokula pamwamba ndikokwanira. Ndikofunika kuti pepalalo silimamizidwa m'madzi, limadzaza ndi kuwola.
M'nthaka
M'dothi, ndizosatheka kuwongolera momwe mizu imayambira, koma mizu imakhala yopanda kupsinjika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asunthe kuchokera ku madzi kupita ku sing'anga yolimba. Dziko lapansi limafunikira chimodzimodzi ngati ma violets akuluakulu - opepuka, opumira, nthawi zonse ophera tizilombo toyambitsa madzi ndi madzi otentha kapena kuzizira.
Pofuna kupewa kutulutsa madzi ochuluka ndi pepala losakhwima, ndibwino kuyiyika pang'onopang'ono pamalo osungiramo zinyalala kapena kungoisunga pansi pa chikwama cha pulasitiki.
Madzi owiritsa ndi njira yabwino yotsira mankhwala m'nthaka musanabzalidweNthawi yovunda mizu imadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zakunja, kuyambira ndi chinyezi ndikumatha nthawi yayitali masana. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi iwiri kuphunzitsa ana.
Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, ana adapeza mtundu wawo wamasamba angapo atakhala m'miphika umodzi.
Nthawi zina ana amapezeka kumapeto kwa malo akuluakulu. Amadzipatula ndikuziika m'miphika ina nthawi iliyonse pachaka - ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kuwunikira okwanira ndipo kutentha kwake ndikokwanira kuti Kukula kwa UVambara.
Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino, amathanso kuphimbidwa ndi thumba kapena kuyikamo wowonjezera kutentha kwa masabata 1-2.
Kugawanitsa
Njira yowopsa yobereka ndikugawa chitsamba. Izi ndizotheka kokha ngati malo amodzi a senpolia ali ndi malo awiri kapena kupitilira. Chomera chimachotsedwa mumphika, ndipo chitsamba chimadulidwa mosamala kuti gawo lililonse likhale ndi kukula kwake. Pambuyo pake, zigawo zimabzalidwa m'miphika yawo.
Pambuyo pogawa chitsamba, ndibwino kuti tisathirire zitsamba zomwe zidayamba masiku angapo. Izi zimalola pewani kuvunda mizu yowonongeka.
Kukonzanso
Tsoka ilo, mbewu sizimakula kuyambira nthawi. Saintpaulia imakula masamba achichepere, pomwe masamba akale ochokera kumiyendoyo amapuma pang'onopang'ono, ndipo khosi lake limawululidwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale pachiwopsezo chovunda ndipo imangowoneka yoyipa. Kodi chikuyenera kuchita chiyani kuti ipangizenso senpolia?
Mukakonzanso, musawope kuyeretsa maluwa kuchokera kumaluwa owuma ndi zinthu zina - ndiye kuti kungochulukitsaNjira yophweka - kukulitsa malo ogulitsira. Ndikofunika kuphatikiza ndi kupatsirana. Pambuyo pochotsa masamba owuma ndi tsinde la peduncles ndikutsuka tsinde, liyenera kuti litakulungidwa pang'ono ndi sphagnum ndikuzama ndikadzalidwa, kuti malo omwe akutulutsidwira amakhala pamalo ake.
Ngati zinthu zinafunikira, ndiye kuti dziko lapansi, kutiophimbira thunthu, limangowonjezedwa mumphika. Kuthirira mbewu poyamba ndibwino poto kapena pamphepete.
Njira ina, yoyenera kwambiri kuzomera zakale zomwe zakhala zakuzama kale koposa kamodzi, komanso zomwe zidakulapo tsinde lalitali, losasunthika, ndizogulitsa.
Lakuthwa zodetsa khungu malo ogulidwayo amadulidwapo ndi hemp pafupifupi sentimita, ndikuwayika bwino mumphika wopanda dothi lonyowa.
Ndikofunika kukonza bwino kuti zoyambira zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono zisawonongeke mwangozi. Pofuna kuti mbewuyo isayambe kuuma, iyenera kuyikidwamo kapena kugundidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki.
Mutha kuyambiranso mizu m'madzi. Kuti muchite izi, ikonzeni pamwamba pamadzi kuti chitsa chimira, koma tsamba petioles ndi kukula kwake kumakhalabe kouma.
Mizu yomwe idadulidwa imayamba patatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Posakhalitsa akubwerera.
Kusamalira Saintpaulia ndikosavuta kwambiri kuposa kwa abale ake ambiri otulutsa maluwa, mosiyana ndi iwo, kumakhalabe kokongoletsa chaka chonse - ngakhale pamene violet sikutulutsa, rosette yokhazikika ya masamba obiriwira a emerald obiriwira amawoneka okongola kwambiri.
Ngakhale wolima wopanda nzeru amatha kumamupatsa zinthu zabwino kwambiri. Sizitengera chidwi komanso chisamaliro chochepa mwanjira yothirira munthawi yake, nthaka yosankhidwa bwino komanso kuwala kokwanira, mowolowa manja mthokozeni mwini wake ndi maluwa onse.
Ziwawa zimakongoletsa mkati mwirizonse, koma Saintpaulia imakhalanso yosadziletsaKuphatikiza kukongola ndi chisamaliro chodabwitsa chopatsa chidwi chomwe chidamupangitsa kukhala chimodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino kwambiri zakunyumba.
