Chomera chofalikira cha Homphrena (Gomphrena) ndi membala wa banja la Amaranth. Mwachilengedwe, amatha kukumana ndi madera otentha a Kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa Nyengo. Delashen, yemwe anali katswiri wazomera zaku France, pofotokoza za chikhalidwechi, adawonetsa kuti adamupatsa dzina Pliny. Kenako adayambitsidwa mu "Species plantarum" ndi Karl Linnaeus pansi pa dzina. Ku South America, mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yazomera zotere. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 100, ina mwa yomwe imalimidwa ndi alimi ngati mbewu zakunja.
Zinthu za gomfrena
Gomfrena amaimiridwa ndi masamba a herbaceous, omwe amatha kukhala osatha kubereka komanso osasinthika. Zimayambira ndipo zilipo kapena zikukwera. Masamba onse okhala masamba otsika kwambiri ndi osadetsa nkhawa. Ma inflorescence a mawonekedwe a caplect amakhala ndi maluwa opentedwa ofiira, a pinki, abuluu, oyera, ofiirira, a lilac kapena achikasu, nthawi zambiri mtundu wawo sufanana. Chipatsochi ndi achene osakulira wokhala ndi nthangala zosalala, zapamwamba.
Pakatikati patali, nyumba zakunyumba zobiriwira zimakhazikitsidwa ngati chaka chilichonse. Zomera zoterezi ndizosalemekeza, ndipo zimakhala ndi zokongoletsera zapamwamba.
Kukula zochulukitsa kwa mbewu
Nthawi yokomera mbande
Pakati patali, ma Homfrene amakula pokhapokha mbande. Zowonadi ndi zakuti mbewu zofesedwa panthaka sizitha kupereka mbande, ndipo nthawi yakucha mu mbewu yotereyi ndi yayitali. Kufesa mbewu za mbande kumachitika m'masiku oyamba a Marichi.
Komabe, mbewuyo imafunikira kukonzekereratu usanakhwime, ndipo imatenga sabata limodzi ndi theka. Kwa masiku atatu m'mawa, mbewu imayenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi ofunda, izi zisanatsanulidwe mumtsuko wamagalasi. Patsiku lachinayi, madziwo limodzi ndi mbewuyo ayenera kuthiriridwa ndikufinya, azitsanulira bwino bwino pogwiritsa ntchito madzi. Kenako, mbewuyo imayenera kupindidwa mu mtsuko osambitsidwa, pambuyo pake imatsekedwa ndi capron cap ndikuyika pa alumali ya firiji yomwe idapangidwira masamba, pomwe iyenera kusiyidwa kwa masiku 7.
Kubzala malamulo
Gawo loyenerera liyenera kukhala ndi mchenga wozungulira kapena vermiculite, komanso dothi lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe lingapangidwe mbande zamasamba. Thirirani gawo loyambira, pamapeto pake limayenera kukhala lonyowa, koma nthaka siyenera kukhala yochulukirapo ndi madzi. Ndi dothi losakanikirana ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze zotengera, makamaka makaseti. Kenako ikanikani dothi losakanikirana ndikuthiranso, izi ziyenera kuchitika, chifukwa kutsirira sikudzachitika posachedwa.
Mbewu yozizira iyenera kuchotsedwa mu ndowa, ndiye kuti njerezo zimagawidwa pamtunda, kenako zimakanikizidwa ndi dothi. Kuchokera pamwambapa, chotengera chimayenera kuvekedwa ndi galasi kapena filimu, ndiye kuti chimayenera kuchotsedwa m'malo abwino. Mbande zoyambirira ziyenera kuonekera pambuyo pa masiku 15-18. Pofuna kuthamangitsa kumera kwa mbewu, ndikofunikira kuthira kutentha pang'ono, mwanjira iyi mbande zimatuluka patatha masiku atatu.
Mbewu zikangotuluka, pogona ponsepo pamafunika kuchotsedwa. Ngati mbande imamera mumchidebe chimodzi, ndiye kuti patatha masiku 15-18 kuchokera pakuwonekera, mbande ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa malinga ndi zotengera zina, mpaka 50-70 mm kudutsa kapena m'miphika yayikulu. Mbewu zopsereza zikazika mizu, ziyenera kuthiriridwa ndi yankho la feteleza wa mchere wopanda mphamvu. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono, koma sayenera kukhala ndi madzi ochuluka kwambiri, apo ayi mbewuyo ikhoza kufa chifukwa cha mwendo wakuda, nthendayi ya fungus imakhudza tchire nthawi yakubzala. Mankhwalawa akathiriridwa, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi losakaniza mozungulira tchire. Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zindikiridwa, muyenera kuthyola tchire lonse lomwe likukhudzidwa, ndipo pamwamba pa dothi losakanizikalo limakutidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni, pomwe maluwa sayenera kuthiriridwa kwakanthawi.
Kubzala gomfrena poyera
Nthawi yobzala
Mbande zakunyumba zimadzalidwa m'nthaka pokhapokha patatha nthawi yachilimwe ikatha, ndipo nyengo yofunda iyenera kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo nthaka iyenera kutenthetsedwa. Monga lamulo, nthawi ino imagwera masiku omaliza a Meyi kapena woyamba - June. Pakukula kwakunyumba, muyenera kusankha malo owala bwino omwe ali ndi chitetezo chodalirika pazoyenda ndi mphepo. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yosalowerera ndondo komanso osapatsa thanzi.
Malamulo akumalo
Asanayambe kufalitsa, malowo amafunika kuti akumbulidwe, koma dothi silidakonzedwa. Pambuyo poti dothi lagundika, maenje okudzala apangidwe, pomwe kubzala mitundu yayitali, mtunda wa 30 mpaka 35 sentimita uyenera kuyang'aniridwa pakati pawo, ndipo pakati pa tchire lalifupi ndizokwanira kusiya 15 mpaka 20 sentimita. Maenje akuya akuyenera kuti akhale oyenererana ndi chomera ndi dothi lapansi. Mu maenje okonzedwa ndikofunikira kusamutsa chodzala, ziyenera kuyikidwa pakati, ndikuyesera kuti zisavulaze mizu, ndikutsanulira danga m'maenje odzazidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Zomera zobzalidwa, dothi limapendekeka ndikuthirira.
Kusamalira gomfrena m'munda
Kukula kwakunyumba m'munda wanu ndikosavuta. Chikhalidwe chotere ndi chosasangalatsa, motero, ndikosavuta kusamalira gomfrena. Mabasi amafunika kuthirira nthawi yake, kuchotsa, kuvala pamwamba, kumasula dothi. Kuti mbewuyo ikhale yokongola komanso yoyera, pamafunika kudulira pang'ono. Maluwa oterowo ndi oyenera kudulidwa, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri mukadula maluwa, nkhuni zimamera ndipo zimakonda maluwa.
Momwe mungamwere ndi kudyetsa
Kuthirira tchire ndikofunikira pokhapokha chilala chambiri, pomwe njirayi iyenera kukhala yochepa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chikhalidwe choterechi chimatha kupirira chilala, ngati mutadumpha kuthirira, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chitha kuda nkhawa. Komabe, kusayenda kwamadzi munthaka sikuyenera kuloledwa, chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa matenda a fungus, makamaka ngati nyengo ili yabwino. Ngati mvula imagwa mwadongosolo nthawi yotentha, ndiye kuti maluwa oterowo sangathiridwe madzi konse, koma pankhaniyi, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti mvula ikagwa tsiku lotsatira ndikofunika kumasula nthaka ndikuchotsa namsongole yemwe akutuluka.
Maluwa oterowo amafunikira kudyetsedwa mosamala, popeza siziyenera kukhala michere yambiri m'nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali nayitrogeni wambiri m'nthaka, ndiye chifukwa cha izi kukula kwazomera wobiriwira kudzayamba, komwe kungasokoneze maluwa, omwe mwina sangachitike konse.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta kunyumba
Gomfrena amatha kudwala pokhapokha patuluka madzi mu nthaka. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chikhalidwe ichi chimaletsa kwambiri matenda ndi tizirombo. Nthawi zina, nsabwe za m'masamba zomwe zimasuntha kutchire zina zimatha kukhazikika. Kuti muchotse nsabwe za m'masamba, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizirombo, pomwe mankhwala onse wowerengeka pankhaniyi azikhala othandiza kwambiri.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yapaunyumba yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Zakhala zikunenedwa pamwambapa kuti mtundu wa Gomfrena umakhala ndi mitundu yambiri, koma atatu okha ndi omwe amalimidwa ndi wamaluwa.
Gomphrena ozungulira (Gomphrena globosa)
Kutalika kwa thengo ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 40. Masamba amafupipafupi a tsamba lalifupi amakhala ndi kupindika, chifukwa chake ali ndi mtundu wabuluu. Mapulogalamu otumphukira amakulunga m'mimba mwake mpaka 40 mm, amatha kupaka utoto wa pinki, lilac, wofiirira, wofiyira, oyera kapena loyera. Phulusa mu Julayi, ndipo pachimake isanayambike chisanu choyamba. Mitundu yotchuka:
- Border Yabwino. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi 0.3 m, maluwa amapentedwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pinki, mpaka pinki ya carmine.
- Buddy. Munthawi zophunzirira izi, tchire limakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 15, pomwe maluwa mkati mwake amapakidwa utoto, woyera kapena wapinki.
Zotchuka ndizina monga: Globosa, Raspberry, Fireworks, Pompom ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Kusakaniza kwa Pixie ndi Gnome.
Gomphrena Haage (Gomphrena haageana), kapena Gomfrena wozungulira wagolide
Mtunduwu umalimidwa posachedwa. Ndizofanana ndi spherical homphrena, koma inflorescence ake ndi okulirapo ndipo ali ndi lalanje ndi ofiira. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi matenthedwe ake, ndipo ngati nthawi yotentha imakhala yozizira, ndiye kuti tchire silingaphutse konse.
Gomphren womwazikana (Gomphrena serrata)
Nthawi zambiri, mtunduwu umalimidwa m'malo osiyidwa. Masamba odukiza amakongoletsa mphukira zomwe zimafalikira kudera lonselo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale carpet. Poyerekeza ndi maziko ake, inflorescences zokhala ngati thupi komanso maluwa a lalanje-golide amawoneka odabwitsa.
Mitundu ya Pink Pinhes ndiyotchuka kwambiri: maluwa amapakidwa utoto wowoneka bwino wa pinki, utoto wawo umakhalabe utatha kuuma, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa.
