Fodya wokoma amakumbutsa pang'ono za wopikisana naye, yemwe adadziwika kuti ndiye wamkulu wazikhalidwe zoyipa. Chomerachi chimakhalanso pachaka, koma pa izi chikufanana.
Fungo lonunkhira komanso fungo lamphamvu la fungo lonunkhira limatha kupikisirana maswiti omwe amakhala ndi nthochi usiku. Penti ya pastel ya mitundu yoyera, kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe achikondi a mpulitsiyu ndizovala zokongoletsera zamunda uliwonse. Mtambo wonunkhira ukugwera m'mundawu madzulo kuwombolera zovuta zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuthirira.
Mikhalidwe yofunika fodya onunkhira
Nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa za fungo lonunkhira kuti chilimwechi chimatha kukhazikika m'munda uliwonse komanso kulikonse. Ndipo zonena izi siziri kutali kwambiri ndi chowonadi. Fodya wokoma amasinthasintha m'njira zofunikira zake ndipo amatha kusangalatsa ndi maluwa ofanana modabwitsa nthawi zina.
Mapiko a mapiko, kapena onunkhira, okongoletsera (Nicotiana alata). © Shihmei BargerFodya wokoma amasinthasintha mosavuta ndi dzuwa lowala kwambiri ndi pang'ono pang'ono.. Mukutetemera kokhazikika sikuyenera kuyikika, koma ndi mthunzi wowala, wosasunthika pang'ono pamtanda wa mitengo yayikulu ndi zitsamba, shading yamtunduwu, bukuli la chilimwe lidzakwaniritsidwa mosavuta.
Fodya wonunkhira wokhala ndi ma inflorescence ake owoneka oyera, ofiira, osalala, pafupifupi obiriwira, owoneka bwino ofiira nthawi zonse amawoneka atsopano ndipo mawonekedwe oterowo adzakhala abwino kwa iye ngakhale pabedi lam'mwera lotentha kwambiri kapena kum'mwera kwa malo okhala ndi miyala.
Nthaka ya fodya onunkhira ndioyenera dothi lililonse labwino kwambiri.. Chonde chocheperako chokwanira kwa iye: palibe chifukwa chokwanira kukonza nthaka ndi feteleza musanadzalemo (ndikukula mphamvu zambiri za nayitrogeni ndi zinthu zopanda chilengedwe kumatha kubweretsa zovuta).
Dothi losauka lokha, ndilabwino kuyambira pakugwa kapena mwezi umodzi kapena awiri musanabzale kuti mubwezeretse bwino pobweretsa humus kapena kompositi pang'ono. Samalirani dothi lokha, ngati kuli kotheka, pangani ngalande. Ndipo fodya wanu wonunkhira adzakhala moonadi mwa chilimwe chowala kwambiri, chokongoletsera chenicheni cha munda wamadzulo.
Samalirani fodya onunkhira
Chilimwechi sichivomerezanso kwambiri chilala. Ndipo ndendende ndi kufunikira kothirira osowa kwambiri komwe nthawi zambiri kumalumikiza mbiri ya fodya onunkhira ngati mbewu yopanda phindu. Koma musataye mtima: chisamaliro chonse chomera ndichosavuta kwambiri kotero kuti kuthirira pafupipafupi sikungayambitse nkhawa.
Fodya Wotsekemera. © daryl_mitchellKusamalira moyenera fodya onunkhira ndikupatsa mbewuyo kuthilira pafupipafupi kapena pafupipafupi. Amayenera kuyankha pazinthu zadothi komanso kupewa chilala chotalika. Nthawi zambiri njira zimayendetsedwera potengera nyengo ndi kuwuma kwa dothi, kuthilira m'mawa ndi madzulo kuti ikhalebe chinyezi.
Zomera za fodya onunkhira ziyenera kukhala zochedwa. Kukwaniritsa maluwa ataliatali komanso yayikulu, ndikokwanira 2 kokha kupanga feteleza nyengo yotentha iyi. Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika ndikuwoneka ngati masamba oyambayo, ndipo chachiwiri - maluwa oyamba akangoyamba kutulutsa.
Zomwe zimafunikira ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa feteleza wazakudya zonse za m'migodi (zapadera zamaluwa kapena nitrophoska) kumadzi othirira. Ndipo fodya idzakusangalatsani ndi zonunkhira zake mpaka nyengo yozizira itayamba.
Kutulutsa inflorescence, monga lamulo, sikukhudza kuthekera kwa fodya onunkhira kuti atulutse masamba atsopano ndikuphuka mosalekeza. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera pakuwona maluwa ochuluka, palibe chifukwa chowachotsera. Koma popeza maluwa amatuwa kwambiri, ma inflorescence ndi akulu, akuwoneka bwino ndipo duwa lililonse limawoneka bwino, mbali zoyesedwazo zimawononga chomera chonse ndipo chifukwa cha iwo fungo lonunkhira limawoneka wosasamalidwa. Ngati buku la chaka chino limamera kutsogolo, kuti maluwa owoneka bwino akuwoneka bwino, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuzichotsa munthawi yake.
Fodya Wotsekemera. © timmijoFodya wokoma samadwala tizirombo ndi matenda omwe amafanana ndi maluwa ena ena. Komanso, imakhala ndi phindu panthaka komanso pazomera zoyandikana, imatha kugwiritsa ntchito fungicidal ndikuchita ngati njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera tizirombo tambiri m'mundamo.
Kufalitsa fodya onunkhira
Buku la chaka chino limangofalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Zimadzibzala tambiri, koma mbewu sizimasilira nthawi zonse nyengo yopanda kukhazikika, ndipo "mmera" wotere umachedwa kwambiri.
Mbande ndiwo njira yabwino yolimira fungo lonunkhira bwino. Kubzala mbewu kumayambiriro kwa Epulo mu dothi lililonse labwino kwambiri popanda kuwaumba kwambiri, mutha kupeza mbande zambiri. Mbeu zophuka ziyenera kukhala mkati mwa kutentha kuyambira madigiri 18 mpaka 20, pansi pagalasi kapena filimu. Mukangowoneka mphukira wochezeka, kutentha kumayenera kutsitsidwa mpaka madigiri 16.
Kwa fodya wamafuta onunkhira ang'onoang'ono, kuthilira madzi kumatha kupha, kotero mbewu zimamwetsedwa mosamala komanso mokhazikika. Mtengo wachiwiri ukangowonekera pa mbande, umafunika kusinthidwa kumphatikiza payokha. Potseguka, mutha kuthira fungo lonunkhira bwino kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi, pomwe mbewu zimayenera kulimbikitsidwa panja kwa masabata osachepera awiri musanabzale.
Fodya Wotsekemera. © Carl LewisZopanda phindu, zonse ziwiri pang'onopang'ono pamtundu wamera ndipo pambuyo pake maluwa, ndi kufesa panthaka. Itha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati chiwopsezo chobwerera chisanu chikazimiririka, osati kale Meyi.
