Gesneria (Gesneria) ndi mtundu wobzala wobiriwira wa banja la Gesneriaceae. Ndiwosatha, mu vivo yomwe imamera m'malo otentha a America ndi ma Antilles. Mbewuyi idatchedwa dzina la wasayansi wa ku Switzerland wa Condar Gesner.
Gesneria imatha kumera ngati chitsamba chachitali pafupifupi 60 cm kapena ngati chomera cha herbaceous. Masamba ndi chowulungika, ndi chinyezi chambiri, tsinde lili chilili. Rhizome imawonetsedwa ngati ma tubers. Maluwa ndi a tubular, ma petals amawongoka kunja, utoto ndi wachikasu kapena wofiira ndi chikasu.
Gesneria amasamalira kunyumba
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Masamba a Gesneria ndi velvety zofewa kukhudza chifukwa kukhalapo kwa tsitsi pa iwo. Ndikofunika kuteteza duwa kuti lisawone mwachindunji kuti lisalandire kutentha kwa dzuwa. Zingakhale bwino malo ake kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwa mawindo okhala ndi kuwala kowala kwa dzuwa. Ngati Gesneria ili pazenera lakumwera, ndiye kuti kuwunika kwa dzuwa kuyenera kuzimitsidwa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuwonjezera maola masana, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mababu opepuka.
Kutentha
Chapakatikati ndi chilimwe, Gesneria iyenera kukhala kutentha pa madigiri 20-25, ndipo nthawi yozizira nthawi yozizira - osachepera 18 digiri.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Popeza gesneria m'malo achilengedwe amakula nkhalango zotentha komanso zotentha, kunyumba chomera chimafunikira chinyezi chachikulu. Chokhacho ndichoti chinyezi sichiyenera kukhala pamasamba a pubescent. Mphepo yozungulira chomeracho imapopera madzi nthawi zonse, ndipo potoyo imayikiridwa pamiyendo ndi mchenga wonyowa. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito moss pazinthu izi, zomwe zimasunganso chinyezi bwino. Chofunikira chachikulu ndikuti pansi pazotengera ndi chomera sikuyenera kukumana ndi madzi, chifukwa mizu yake imatha kuvunda mwachangu.
Kuthirira
Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, Gesneria ili mu gawo la ntchito yogwira, kotero kuthirira panthawiyi kuyenera kukhala kochuluka. Thirirani mbewuyo pamene dothi lapansi lakumera mumphika. Ndikofunika kuti madzi omwe ali mumtsuko asasunthike, chifukwa ma tubers a chomera amatha kuyamba kuwola. Ndi isanayambike dormancy, nthawi yophukira ndi nthawi yozizira, komanso atasiya maluwa, gesneria amathiriridwa pang'ono. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotsirira, popeza mmera sukulola chinyezi masamba. Pothirira madzi gwiritsani ntchito madzi osalala m'chipinda.
Dothi
Masamba a Gesneria amabzalidwa mumphika wosakanikirana ndi humus, mchenga, peat ndi tsamba la masamba ofanana. Pansi pa mphikawo pamafunika kuzikika ndi dongo labwino la miyala kapena kuti dongo lokwanilidwa.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Nthawi yoyambira ku Marichi koyambirira kwa Okutobala, Gesneria amafunika kudya pafupipafupi. Pafupipafupi kudyetsa - 2 kawiri pamwezi. Za feteleza, madzi ovuta kudya amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa mkati.
Thirani
M'pofunika kuti ndikwaniritse chomera chokulirapo chakale mu Januware -February. The tuber sifunikira kuti ikhale yokutidwa kwathunthu ndi dothi, impso ziyenera kukhala pamtunda. Chifukwa chake mbewuyo imadzuka mwachangu mu kasupe ndikupereka mphukira zatsopano.
Nthawi yopumula
Gesneria ndi chomera chambiri, motero kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Okutobala ndi Januwale, kuthirira kumachepa. Chomera chimataya masamba, ndipo chikadzagwera kwathunthu, timazirombo timachotsedwa mu gawo lapansi ndikusungidwa mpaka nthawi yotsatira yodzuka pamtunda wa pafupifupi madigiri 12-14.
Kuswana kwa Gesneria
Gesneria imayamba kufalikira ndi mbewu zonse ndi zodulidwa. M'dzinja, mbewu zimabzalidwa mumphika ndikusungidwa kutentha 22 madigiri. Mphukira zoyambirira sizitenga nthawi yayitali. Zomera zakale zimabzalidwa m'miphika yosiyanasiyana. Muyenera kuthirira mbande pafupipafupi, mutetezeni ku dzuwa lotentha ndikusungani kutentha kosachepera madigiri 20. Chomera chofesedwa pofesa mbewu chimaphuka pafupifupi zaka 2-3.
Nthawi yoyenera kufalitsika ndi ma cutits ndi nthawi kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti. Kuti mupeze zowonjezera, pepala lodula limagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe limabzalidwa mumtsuko ndi mchenga. Pambuyo pa masiku 40-45, phesi limatenga mizu yake yoyamba, kenako tubers amapanga. Kutsirira kumayenera kukhala kwachizolowezi, ndipo kutentha kwa zomwe kudulidwa kumadula - osachepera 25 digiri. Pakutha kwa Seputembala, kuthirira kumachepa, kutentha kumachepetsedwa mpaka madigiri 20. Kumapeto kwa Okutobala, nthawi yotsika imayamba: ma tubers amakumbidwa ndikutumizidwa kuti asungidwe kutentha osaposa madigiri 12-14. Zomera zidzaphuka mchaka chachiwiri.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Gesneria nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo monga ma thrips, nsabwe za m'masamba, zovala zoyera, tizilombo tambiri, ndi akangaude. Chomera chimatha kuvutikanso ndi chisamaliro chosayenera.
Mitundu yotchuka ya gesneria
Gesneria watupa - ndi shrub, osatha, nthambi zofooka, masamba amatha, owongoka pang'ono kumapeto. Masamba ali ndi ma notent-denticles m'mphepete, amtundu, osati pubescent, kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita, kutalika kwa 3-5 masentimita.Duwa limamera pamtunda wautali, pamwamba pa tsinde 4-5 zidutswa zimasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence iliyonse. Maluwa ndi a tubular, ali ndi funnel nimbus pafupifupi 3 cm. Corolla chikasu, duwa lenilenilo ndi mtundu wofiyira wofiyira, mkati wachikasu.
Gesneria wosakanizidwa - ndi mbewu yobiriwira, herbaceous, osatha. Masamba ndi akulu, amakhala ndi velveti yosangalatsa, yobiriwira yakuda. Maluwa ndi a tubular, otupa pang'ono, ofiira, pafupifupi 5-7 cm.
Gesneria Cardinal, kapena ofiira - Ichi ndi mtundu wa herbaceous wamuyaya, uli ndi phesi lokwera kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Masamba ali obiriwira, obiliwira. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi pafupifupi 10 cm, ndi amtundu, owonda mawonekedwe. Makadinala Gesneria limamasula onse ngati maluwa amodzi, ndipo amatengedwa yaying'ono. Duwa ndi la tubular, kutupa, lili ndi milomo iwiri. Duwa ndi lalitali masentimita 5-7. Utoto wake ndi wofiira kwambiri.
Gesneria ali ndi mphero - chodzala namisala chobiriwira. Kutalika kuli pafupifupi masentimita 30. Zimayambira pang'onopang'ono, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ngati mtengo. Masamba alibe mizu, amakhala mwachindunji pa tsinde, m'mphepete mwake. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi pafupifupi 3 cm, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10-12. Pamaso pa tsamba lililonse pali mtundu wobiriwira wowala. Pansipa, masamba amtunduwo amapendekeka pang'ono, pamwamba pake amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lofewa kukhudza. Maluwa ndi ofiira owala, gawo lamunsi limapaka utoto wowala wa lalanje. Maluwa aliwonse amakhala pamtunda wautali.
Gesneria Lebanon - imakula mu mtundu wa shrub yaying'ono, yokhala ndi kufooka komwe imayambira ndi njira zake, osatha, wobiriwira nthawi zonse. Kuwombera kulikonse kumtunda kumakhala ndi masamba osonkhana. Masamba amakhala a pubescent onse kuchokera pansi ndi kuchokera pamwamba, kutalika kwa 8-10 cm.Merawu uli ndi maluwa ofiira owala, pafupifupi 3-5 cm.
