Munda wathanzi wopanda umagwirira

Gawo 1. Munda wathanzi wopanda umagwirira
Gawo 2. Kudzikonzekeretsa kwa mankhwala a EM
Gawo 3. Kukula kwachilengedwe m'nthaka ndi ukadaulo wa EM

Wokondedwa Reader! Mukupemphedwa kuti mukapezeke ndi nkhani zitatu zaukadaulo wothandiza kukonza chonde ndikugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa Baikal EM-1, pa biotechnology popanga mbewu zamasamba, ndikuziteteza ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga pamenepa.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, intaneti yakhala ikukambirana mwachangu za zopeza m'malo ang'onoang'ono (kanyumba, dimba la nyumba, nyumba pansi) mbewu yachilengedwe, ikukula chonde, kuchepetsa kufota ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiranso ntchito yamanja. Zitsanzo zabwino zimaperekedwa pakulima munda popanda kukumba dothi, kukulitsa ndiwo zamasamba m'munda "wokongola", wopendekera kumbali zonse ndi bokosi lamatanda kapena simenti. Mawu omveka amveka kuti munthu ayenera kumvera zachilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe m'malo mokonzekera mankhwala, etc. Momwe mungapezere malo apakati, omwe masiku ano amatchedwa kulima mwachilengedwe, ukadaulo wa zaka za zana la 21, chomera chachilengedwe, njira yobwererera ulimi ndi matanthauzidwe ena.

Vutani kaloti wachinyamale.

Pang'ono palingaliro "kunyumba"

Mndandanda wamtunduwu pamwambapa umabweretsa lingaliro kuti tanthauzo lonse lofufuzira limatsikira ku ukadaulo waulimi wachilengedwe ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti udzatchulidwe chiyani, koma koposa zonse, zomwe zingaperekedwe monga chotsatira.

Pafupifupi teknoloji iliyonse yatsopano pali nthano zambiri zotsatsa, koma chilichonse chimakhala ndi njere zabwino pamalingaliro apakatikati, zoyesa nyumba ndi zoyesa zamasayansi.

Chifukwa chake, kum'mwera ndikosavomerezeka kusunga malo olimidwa popanda kukumba, chithandizo chamankhwala popanda kutulutsa mapangidwe sichimapereka zotsatira zomwe zimafunidwa. Kuphukira kwanthawi yayitali kumathandizira kukula ndi kufalitsa namsongole, kuteteza tizirombo m'nthaka. Masiku opanda mvula ndi mvula nthawi yayitali amayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a fungus. Ma chernozems olemera akumwera ali ophatikizika, nthaka ndi matenthedwe achilengedwe akuipiraipira, manyowa omwazikana ndi manyowa otsalira pamtunda, mmalo momola, amangowuma.

Kutaya kosasunthika popanda kutembenuka kumakhala koyenera pamadothi okhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepa a humus - chestnut yakuda, bulauni, kumadera ena akumwera, mpweya wabwino ndi dothi lolowera madzi.

Kuchuluka kwachilengedwe m'nthaka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwadongosolo michere ya mchere ndi nthano chabe. Ndiukadaulo wamafakitale wotere, zokolola zimachulukira kwakanthawi, koma chonde ndichilengedwe chimachepetsedwa chifukwa chophatikiza minusization wambiri ndi kukhazikitsa mwadongosolo milingo yayikulu ya feteleza wama mchere. Ndiye kuti, mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mchere suwola zinthu zina, koma imathandizira kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe a humus ndipo potero pakhala kuwononga kwakanthawi kwa zokolola.

Kusagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje omwe amathandizidwawo kumabweretsa kufooka kwa nthaka ndi masinthidwe achilengedwe omwe amagwira ntchito popanga manyowa kuchokera munthaka.

Kupanga manyowa kuti apange humus.

Ulimi wachilengedwe

Gawo lamoyo dothi lokhala ndi microflora yogwira ndi zina zimagwira ntchito yayikulu m'nthaka, ndikuisintha kukhala dothi labwino. Kubwezeretsa kwachilengedwe kwachilengedwe, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kupeza mbewu zabwino, kumalumikizidwa ndi kudzazidwa kwa nthaka ndi humus. Zobzala zazikulu zachonde ndizothandiza microflora (EM) ndi nyama zopindulitsa, kuphatikiza manyowa. Ndiomwe amawola zinthu zomwe zagwera munthaka, ndikuzisintha kukhala humus kenako ma organic-mineral mankhwala (chelates) omwe amapezeka kuzomera. Mofananamo, gawo limodzi lazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa pakatikati pa humus, pogwiritsa ntchito bowa la heterotrophic, limatengera kapangidwe kazinthu zatsopano za humic, ndiko kuti, pakuwonjezera chonde m'nthaka.

Kubwezeretsa kwachilengedwe ndi kuchulukitsa kwa chonde m'nthaka, kuyang'ana kwachilengedwe pakukolola ndizovomerezeka kwambiri kudzera muulimi wachilengedwe kapena wachilengedwe. Kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe kukuphatikiza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa njira zachilengedwe zokulitsa chonde (manyowa, humus, vermicompost), kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza zachilengedwe kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Kupereka mbewu zokhala ndi michere kumafuna kulima ma siderates (feteleza wobiriwira), nthawi zina limodzi ndi mulingo wothira feteleza, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe (zachilengedwe) kuti uchulukitse nthaka, kuphatikizira microflora. Pamaziko ake, ukadaulo wa EM waulimi wachilengedwe unapangidwa, omwe alimi ambiri amalingalira zaukadaulo za zana la 21 lino.

Kodi ukadaulo wa EM ndi chiyani?

Tekinoloje ya EM ndi njira yokhutitsira nthaka ndi dothi labwino komanso zofunikira za nthaka, zomwe zimawononga microflora ya pathogenic ndikupanga organics kukhala mankhwala ophatikizika ndi mbewu.

Maziko ndi makonzedwe a EM omwe ali ndi mitundu ingapo ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta aerobic ndi anaerobic timene timakhala munthaka. Amakhala ndi lactic acid, mabakiteriya okonza nayitrogeni, ma actinomycetes, yisiti, bowa wopatsa mphamvu. Zoyambitsidwa mu dothi, zimachulukana, zimayambitsa microflora yakomweko. Zamoyo zimapangidwa mogwirizana. Kuposa zaka 3-5, zokhala ndi humus zimawonjezeka kangapo. Chonde dziwani kuti, kuti ukadaulo wa EM ugwire ntchito, sizitenga chaka 1 (monga owerenga okhumudwitsa amalemba za kusowa kwa zotsatira), koma zaka zingapo. Sipangakhale zothandiza pogula zabodza m'malo mwa mankhwala enieni.

Zakudya pa kama.

Makhalidwe ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a EM

Nthaka imakhala yambiri madzi- ndikupumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino pakulimidwa kwa mbewu zamunda.
Zowononga zachilengedwe zimasinthidwa kukhala vermicompost m'masabata angapo (koma osati zaka!).
Chifukwa chogwira bwino ntchito ya tizilombo, kutentha kwa basal wosanjikiza kumakwera mkati mwa + 2 ... + 5 ° С, yomwe imathandizira kubwereranso kwa zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu kwa masiku 5-10.
Kupezeka kwathunthu kwamizere yokhala ndi michere kumayankha bwino pazokolola, kugulitsa bwino, komanso kusunga bwino.
Kusatetezeka kwa mbeu kumachuluka, zomwe zimatsogolera ku matenda a fungus, bacteria ndi (pang'ono pang'ono) matenda.

Mankhwala oyamba omwe amapangidwa chifukwa chaukadaulo wa EM ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Baikal EM-1. Mankhwalawa amalembetsa boma ndi satifiketi yoyera. Pazofikira feteleza amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi waku Russian Federation. Mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka kwa anthu, nyama, tizilombo tothandiza.

Khalidwe la kukonzekera "Baikal EM-1"

Baikal EM-1 ndimadzimadzi achikasu a bulauni. Kalasi yamphamvu kapena mtundu wolimba wa pulasitiki wakuda 40, 30 ndi 14 ml. Madziwo amakhala ndi fungo labwino la kefir-silo. Ma tizilombo tothandiza mu vial satha kugwira ntchito. Kusintha kwa fungo kumatha kuwonetsa kufa kwa microflora kapena zabodza. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, kugwirizanitsa kumalimbikitsidwa kumunsi ndikuchita mayankho. Kuti mukupaka mayankho a EM, zikhalidwe zimafuna sing'anga wazakudya. Mutha kugula kuphatikiza ndi zolimba (EM-molasses) kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chodzadza chopanda zipatso, uchi, shuga.

Kukonzekera kwa yankho la stock

Thirani madzi okwanira malita atatu a madzi mumtsuko wopanda madzi (10 mg iliyonse ya madzi okwanira 1 litre). Ndikwabwino kuwira madzi ndikuziziritsa kuti kutentha kwa + 25 ... + 30 ° С.
Thirani EM-molasses yonse m'madzi kapena kuwonjezera supuni ziwiri pa lita imodzi yamadzi (ngati mphamvu ndi EM-molasses ndi yayikulu).
M'malo mwa EM-molasses, mutha kuwonjezera supuni zitatu za uchi kapena supuni 4-5 za kupanikizana, kuchokera ku zipatso, mpaka voliyumu yonse.
Uchi suwonjezeredwa pomwepo, koma supuni 1 kwa masiku atatu (ndi chitetezo champhamvu). Chiwerengero cha ma sapuni a jamu chimatengera kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kuchuluka kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi shuga, ndi ochepa mafuta osakaniza.
Thirani Baikal EM-1 mu njira yothira yazakudya.
Sakanizani osakaniza bwino ndikuthira m'mabotolo amdima, ndikuwadzaza pansi pa chivundikiro kuti mulibe mpweya mu chidebe.
Ikani mabotolo m'malo amdima ndi kutentha kozungulira kwa + 20 ... + 30 ° C kwa masiku 5-7.
M'masiku oyambilira padzakhala kuphatikiza msanga ndi kutulutsa kwa mpweya. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira tsiku la 3, zotengera za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zili ndi yankho ziyenera kutsegulidwa kuti amasulire mpweya wokwanira.
Mapeto a kupesa kwa yankho kumatsimikiziridwa ndi fungo lokoma wowawasa, nthawi zina pang'ono ammonia kapena mwachidziwikire yisiti yokhala ndi kukoka kwa nkhungu (kapena popanda iyo). Kukodwa kwa mabatani sikuvulaza.
Fungo la Putrid limagwirizanitsidwa ndi kufa kwa microflora. Poterepa, yankho lake siloyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yokhwima yokhazikika imasungidwa m'malo amdima firiji. Amasungabe ntchito yayitali kwa miyezi 6-7. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito voliyumu yonse panthawiyi.

Kuphatikiza mbatata ndi udzu.

Kukonzekera kwa yankho

Njira yothetsera mafuta a EM-kukonzekera "Baikal EM-1" ili ndi kuchuluka kwa microflora yogwira mtima. Mukapopera mbewu ndi yankho lotere, kuletsa kwamphamvu kwa mbewu ngakhale kufa kwawo kumawonedwa. Chifukwa chake, njira yoyambira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza njira zoyendetsera pang'onopang'ono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu, kuthira mbewu, kuchiza tubers ndi mababu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'nthaka. Pa mtundu uliwonse wamankhwala, njira yake yogwiritsira ntchito imakonzedwa ndi ndende ina ya EM. Kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho kuyenera kukhala kofooka kwambiri. Pamaso pa dilution, makonzedwe oyambira ayenera kugwedezeka.

Pakumwaza mbewu, ndende ndi 1: 500-1000 kapena 1 lita imodzi yamadzi, 2-1 ml ya yankho. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito nthaka, ndendeyo imawonjezera ndipo ndi 1: 10 kapena 100, ndiye kuti 1 lita imodzi ya madzi kale ili ndi 100 kapena 10 ml ya yankho la maziko, motero. Kupanga mbande zamkati ndi maluwa amkati imodzi yamadzi, ndi 0,5 ml yokha yothetsera yoyambira imawonjezeredwa (ndende 1: 2000). Masauzoli ndi ochepa kwambiri kotero kuti kulemba ndi kosavuta, osati mu%, koma mwa magawo.

Mwachitsanzo: ndikofunikira kukonzekera yankho mu dilution ya 1: 1000 pakupopera mbewu. Ngati mukufuna 1 ndowa yankho (10 l), ndiye kuti muyenera kuwonjezera 10 ml ya yankho ndi 10 ml kapena supuni ya jamu yakale yopanda zipatso (mutha supuni ziwiri za shuga). Sakanizani njira yothetsera kugwiriratu bwino, tsimikizani kwa maola atatu ndikuyamba kupopera. Kumbukirani! Pokonzekera yankho logwira ntchito, madziwo sayenera kukhala ndi chlorine komanso kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° С. Mukakonza mbewu zamunda, kuthamanga kwa njira yogwirira ntchito ndi 1 l / sq. m la malo.

Okondedwa owerenga, nkhani yachiwiri ipitiliza kuwonetsera nkhaniyi pazamagwiritsidwe ntchito ka Baikal EM-1. Kupanga kwa yankho la ntchito EM-5 yogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo ndi matenda oyendetsa mbewu m'munda.