Cyclamen Zili pabanja la Primrose (Primulaceae). Ponseponse, pali mitundu yopitilira 20 yamitundu yotereyi yomwe mizu yake ili ndi mizu yambiri. Kugawidwa ku Mediterranean, ku North-East Africa, Iran. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka kuthengo ku Turkey.
Mitundu ina imabzalidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, yonse m'minda ndi m'nyumba. Paulimi wamkati, mitundu iwiri ya cyclamen imapangidwa. Monga: Persian ndi European.
European cyclamen imatchedwa "alpine violet." Chaka chonse, amamva bwino pazenera mu chipinda, kutentha ngati + 18 ... +20 ° С. Osamangirizidwa ndi chizindikiro chinyezi. Amaluwa kwambiri kuyambira masika mpaka nthawi yophukira. Poyerekeza ndi cyclamen yaku Persia, izi sizipezeka kawirikawiri m'misika yamaluwa. Otsirizawa akutanthauza mitundu ya makolo kwa mitundu yambiri yamakono.
Mbiri ya chiyambi chake inayamba m'zaka za zana la 16. Nthawi imeneyo, azungu adazigwiritsa ntchito. Adawonekera m'munda wamankhwala wokhala ndi Mfumukazi Elizabeti I. Posakhalitsa, cyclamen idataya mawonekedwe, koma patatha zaka zambiri obereketsa adayamba kulimbikira, chifukwa chomwe lero pali mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yake. Mwachilengedwe, Persian cyclamen limamasula kuyambira chiyambi cha dzinja mpaka kumapeto kwa masika. Tsiku loti heyday limatengera dera lomwe likukula. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi maluwa apinki opepuka. Nthawi zina amakhala rasipiberi kapena chitumbuwa.
Ma cyclamens apano amasiyana ndi mitundu yamtchire kukula kwake kwa maluwa. Poyerekeza ndi omwe adalipo kale, ndizofunikira. Utoto ukhoza kukhala woyera-ngati chipale, ofiira, ofiirira, ofiirira. Zophatikiza zokhala ndi mitundu yambiri komanso zowala zimatchuka kwambiri. Posachedwa, ku Europe kwakhala kukufunidwa kwa ma hybrids a mini. Ndi tchire ting'onoting'ono tokhala ndi maluwa akulu. Ma cyclamen amtunduwu amatha kubzala m'munda ndi malo omwe nyengo yotentha imalamulira.
Zomera zamakono, kutengera kukula kwa mbewu ndi maluwa, zimagawa magulu atatu atatu.
Ma cyclamens aang'ono. Izi ndi monga: Silverhart, Midori, Jeanette, Libretto, Silverado. Zomera zofananira zimasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu. Monga lamulo, zimaposa masentimita 4. Mu gulu ili, nthawi zambiri mumatha kukumana ndi ma gerroma onunkhira. Miphika yokhala ndi masentimita 6-10 ndi oyenera kukula.
Midi cyclamen. Ena mwa iwo ndi: "Kanto", "Laser", "Sterling" ndi ena. Ali ndi kukula kwapakatikati. Adabzala mumiphika ndi mainchesi 10-13 cm.
Maxi cyclamen (Yoyambira kapena yayikulu-yotulutsa): Concerto, Rainier, Sierra, mndandanda wa Zima Ice. Kukula kwa mapoto okula ndi 13 cm cm.
Cyclamen imapitilira kugulitsa m'miyezi yoyambirira yophukira. Mtengowu umakondedwa kwambiri chifukwa umakondwera ndi maluwa ake nthawi yayitali nthawi yozizira. Ndikayamba masika, cyclamen imasiya kuphuka. Amataya masamba, ndipo pano olima maluwa ambiri amalakwitsa - amataya mbewuzo, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti ipita. Ngati cyclamen imasamaliridwa bwino, imaphuka bwino kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi.
Chisamaliro cha cyclamen Kunyumba
Kuwala
Ma cyclamens amakonda kuwala, koma mawindo akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo ndi malo abwino kukhalamo. Ngati mbewuyo ili kumbali yakumwera, ndikofunikira kuiteteza ku dzuwa. Chipinda chomwe cyclamen chimakula chizikhala ndi mpweya wokwanira.
Kutentha
Mphamvu ya kutentha imathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa ma cyclamens. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri nyengo yachisanu ndi 10-12 ° C. Mulingo wapamwamba umapangitsa kuti ayambe kutaya masamba ndikuleka maluwa. Ngati mbewuyo idakulidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, nyumba yake iyenera kupanga zoyenera. Kunyumba, sizotheka nthawi zonse kuti cyclamen ikhale yabwino. Kuti muthandizire kuchulukitsa ndi kupitikitsa nthawi ya maluwa, ndikofunikira kuti zizolowera cyclamen kuti kutentha kwambiri kuzikhala. Iyenera kuyikidwa pazenera lozizira ndikulowerera mchipindacho nthawi zonse.
Chinyezi
Cyclamen ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda chinyezi chambiri. Pa nthawi yomwe masamba akukula, amafunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Cyclamen itangoyamba kuphuka, kusinthanitsa koteroko sikofunikira. Kuti muwonjezere cholozera chinyezi, mutha kupanga chifunga chamadzi pafupi ndi chomera. Mutha kuyiyika pa pallet ndi miyala yonyowa. M'nyengo yozizira, cyclamen iyenera kuyikidwa patali kwambiri kuchokera pakati mabatire.
Kuthirira
Kutsirira pafupipafupi kumakondedwa, koma kuchuluka kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo. Kutentha kwake kumatha kukhala madigiri angapo pansi pa kutentha kwa chipinda. Pamaso pa pedunances pamwamba pa masamba a cyclamen, mutha kuwathira mwachindunji mumphika, ndiye kuti muyenera kuthira madzi mu poto ndikuthira owonjezera. Chomera chikataya masamba onse, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, koma ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti gawo lapansi silikuuma konse.
Feteleza
Kuchulukitsa maluwa a cyclamen kumathandizira feteleza, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zinthu zofunikira za mchere. Muyenera kudyetsa mbewu 1 m'masabata awiri.
Thirani
Maluwa atangotuluka komanso masamba atasanduka chikasu kwathunthu, izi zikuwonetsa kuti cyclamen ikukonzekera nyengo yotsika. Pakadali pano, ikhoza kuthandizidwa ndikusinthira mumphika wokhala ndi mainchesi akuluakulu okhala ndi dothi kapena peat gawo lapansi. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira malo omwe tubers - ayenera kukhala pamlingo wochepetsetsa kapena pang'ono protrude pamwamba pake.
Dothi
M'pofunika kupanga aeration a cyclamen mizu. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lochepera la peat. Pazosakaniza, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza muyezo wofanana pepala, humus, peat ndi mchenga. Ngati zingafunike, zitha kugulidwa zokonzedwa kale.
Nthawi yopumula
Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni, tuber amapuma. Zomera zimataya masamba ake. Maonekedwe awo ndiosatheka kumapeto kwa Julayi. Nthawi imeneyi, cyclamen iyenera kuyikidwa m'malo abwino owuma.
Kuswana
Kulima mkati mwa cyclamen kumatha kukhala zaka 7. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, sioyeneranso kubereka, chifukwa chake muyenera kugula chatsopano. Kufalitsa cyclamen ndizovuta. Chifukwa cha mafakitale, chimafalikira pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu. Mutha kuchita izi nokha pogawa tuber.
Kutengera mitundu, kutalika kwa nthawi kuchokera kufesa mpaka maluwa kumasiyanasiyana. Monga lamulo, izi zimatenga miyezi 7-11. Ndikofunika kubzala mbewu kumapeto kwa Marichi. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yakukula, cyclamen izitha kuchita popanda kuwunikira kowonjezereka, ndipo iyamba kuphuka pakati pa nthawi yophukira. Pa kumera mbewu, malo oyenera ayenera kupangidwa. Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala kuzungulira 18 ° С. Chinyezi chachikulu komanso kusowa kwa kuwala kumayamikiridwa. Ndiye kuti mbewu zili mumdima, zimakutidwa ndi filimu yakuda kwa milungu itatu. Pamatenthedwe otsika, cyclamen imamera pambuyo pake pang'ono. Ngati aposa 20 °, kumera kumachepera. Mutha kuyamba kulowetsa mbande pambuyo pa masamba a masamba atatu ndi atatu. Pakati pa diveti, tuber yaing'ono imakonkhedwa kwathunthu ndi lapansi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Matenda opatsirana komanso tizirombo sizimakhudzanso cyclamen kwambiri. Itha kukhudzidwa ndi cyclamen mite. Zizindikiro zidzakhala masamba opindika, maluwa opindika ndi maluwa opindika. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira nkhupakupa m'magawo oyambira. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, kukonzekera kwa tizilombo sikuti nthawi zonse kuthana ndi cholinga.
Malangizo Othandiza
- Ngati masamba a cyclamen atembenuka chikasu, koma maluwa amakhalabe athanzi, muyenera kuyang'anira kutentha mchipindacho. Ngati ili pamwamba madigiri 18, muyenera kutsitsa. Kutentha kochepa, ndikofunikira kuwona ngati dothi laphwa.
- Zomwe zimayambitsa masamba achikasu zikhoza kuthilira mbewu mosayembekezereka.
- Kuola kwa imvi kumawoneka pamene chinyezi chikakhala chambiri mchipinda chokhala ndi kutentha pang'ono. Kupuma kofulumira kumathandizira kuthetsa vutoli.
- Zidutswa zamasamba ndi masamba zimatha kuvunda chifukwa cha dothi lodzaza madzi. Kuthirira kwambiri komanso pafupipafupi kumatha kubweretsa kuti mizu ya cyclamen iyambe kuvunda.
