Krinum (Crinum) - imodzi mwazomera zodabwitsa kwambiri zakunyumba kuchokera ku banja la Amaryllis. Chifukwa cha chithunzithunzi cha maluwa ake, olima dimba ambiri amapirira mayendedwe ake ndikumuyang'anira.
Zomera zakunyumba - otentha ndi madera a Asia, Africa, America. Itha kupezeka m'malo otentha, m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi. Chomera chobiriwira chamizungu, chili ndi dzina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a masamba atali: "crinis" m'Chilatini amatanthauza "tsitsi".
Mababu a Krinum ndi ma peduncle (okhala ndi chithunzi)
Mababu a krinum yayitali (chithunzi chomwe chikufunsidwa chikuthandizani kuti muwaganizire kwambiri) nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitali, 60-90 cm kutalika, ndi mainchesi mpaka 25 cm, khosi limatha.
Masamba amakhala obiriwira, okhala ndi lamba, wobiriwira, wobiriwira, mpaka 1 mita, amapanga tsinde labodza, kumapeto kwake komwe zimakupezeka zimapangidwa - zimapangidwa ndi masamba. Masamba achichepere amakulungidwa mu udzu. Chomera chophukidwa bwino chili ndi masamba opitilira 20.
Muvi wamaluwa umanyamula maluwa okwana 8, opindika, maluwa mpaka masentimita 15, wolumikizidwa mu umbrella wooneka ngati umbrella.
Nthawi zina matandala ake amakhala autali kutalika; maluwa otuwa a krinum nthawi zonse amakhala opinki, nthawi zina amakhala ndi burashi wa rasipiberi, wopindika bwino, wokhala ndi fungo labwino. Kuchotsa maluwa omwe atha kumatha kupitilira nthawi ya maluwa. Pakati pa inflorescence masamba 9-12 amapangidwa, inflorescence yokha imangopezeka pomwe masamba masamba afota kale. Amakhala pachomera kwa milungu 4-5.
Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lopanda mawonekedwe, mkati mwake muli mbewu yayikulu. Mu chovala cha mbewu mumakhala madzi okwanira kuti mbewu ipse, ndipo bulb watsopano amapangidwa.
Limamasamba makamaka m'dzinja. Zomera ndi tsiku lalifupi. Mu zofunikira kuti mukhale ndi thanzi, bulb imakhala nthawi yayitali. Krinum ikakulirakulira, gawo lokwanira limakhalamo.
Imakhala chokongoletsera chokongola m'zipinda zazikulu ndi kutentha kochepa, zonse m'nyumba zogona komanso m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Mwangwiro amakhala m'munda wozizira. Mitundu ina imamva bwino m'madzi am'madzi.
Mitundu ya krinum yachipinda
Asayansi afotokoza mitundu yoposa 150 ya crinum yobiriwira nthawi zonse. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyotchuka kwambiri mchikhalidwe chamkati.
Krinum Asia (C. asiaticum), babu mpaka masentimita 10-15. Masamba otambalala okhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika, ndi m'mphepete mwake, pafupifupi masentimita 120. Inflorescence of 20-50 maluwa oyera oyera ngati chipale, okhala ndi mafelemu apamwamba. Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti amachokera ku matupi amadzi ku West Africa.
Makonda a Krinum (C. mabile), anyezi yokulirapo. Amasiya pafupifupi 25-30, mita ndi theka. Ambulera ya inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa pafupifupi 30. Maluwa ofiira amakhala ofiirira komanso oyera, onunkhira kwambiri. Mbale zowongoka, mbali yamkati mwake ndiyoyera, kutalika kwa 10-15 cm. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu Marichi, nthawi zina amatulutsa. Kwawo ndi nkhalango zakutali za chisumbu cha Sumatra.
Krinum Moore (S. moorie), masamba amtundu wobiriwira wopepuka, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera a mitsempha yopyapyala pafupifupi 90. Bulb pafupifupi 20 cm. Duwa la krinum yotere litha kuwonekera pachithunzichi: zoyera-mwera, nthawi zina maluwa obiriwira, okhala ngati mabelu, amaikidwa ma 6-12 ma PC.
Anyezi mbewu crinum: amakula mpaka 80 cm. Masamba ofiira, okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa maluwa, maluwa pamitengo yodula, utoto wake ndi pinki kapena yoyera. Ziphuphu ndizokongoletsedwa ndi chingwe chofiira kwambiri.
Krinum Powell: ndi wosakanizidwa wopezeka kuchokera kudutsa ku Krinum Moore ndi mbewu zapamwamba za Krinum. Babuyo ndi lozungulira, mpaka 15 cm. Masamba opangidwa ndi belu mpaka 100 cm. Amaluwa okhala ndi inflorescence ya mabala a pinki owoneka bwino kapena oyera.
Krinum Abyssinian (C. abyssinicum). Amamera m'mapiri a ku Ethiopia. Babu ndi chowulungika, 7c cm, ndi khosi lalifupi. Masamba akusunthira kumtunda, nthawi zambiri mumakhala ma 6 ma PC.
Krinum wamkulu (C. giganteum). Babu lalikulu ndi mitsempha imapanga mawonekedwe otchulidwa pa tsamba, masamba okha amayenda pansi, kutalika kwa 60-90 cm. Maluwa ndi oyera mu utoto, ndi fungo losiyana, kutalika kwa 20 cm. chubu la pericarp limapindika modabwitsa, masentimita 10-15.Limatuluka bwino kwambiri m'chilimwe.
Krinum American (C. americanum). M'mikhalidwe yachipinda ndizosowa kwenikweni - chifukwa cha kukula kwake. Zoyenera kwambiri kukhala ndi dimba lozizira kapena chipinda chachikulu.
Zopezeka zokhala ndi kulima koyenera anyezi crinum
Zofunikira zachilengedwe. Zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa krinum yamkati zimaphatikizapo kuyatsa.
M'nyengo yotentha, mbewuyo imafunikira kuunikira bwino, dzuwa ndi mpweya, sikuwopa kuwunika mwachindunji, motero ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti izitulutsa mumlengalenga. Mu mpweya watsopano muyenera kuteteza ku mphepo zamphamvu komanso kugwa kwamvula. Mthunzi suyenera konse - pakakhala kuwala kowala kwambiri, mbewu imamvanso bwino, imakula bwino. Malo abwino atha kukhala zenera lakumwera. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mbewuyo sikukhudzana ndi galasi la zenera, apo ayi pamakhala chiopsezo chowotchera pamalo okhudza. Ma Window sill omwe amatha kulowa kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa nawonso ndi oyenera.
M'nyengo yozizira, pakupumula, krinum imasungidwa m'nyumba kutentha kutentha kwa 14-16 ° C. Munthawi yamitambo, krinum monga chomera chokonda dzuwa imasowa kuunika koposa kale: itha kuperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent, phytolamp, ndikupanga kuwala kwausana
M'chilimwe ndi masika, kutentha kovomerezeka kwambiri ndi 18-22 °, nthawi yozizira imatha kutsika mpaka 9-12 °. Zomera zazing'ono zimafuna kutentha kwa 16-18 ° C, sizikhala bwino mzipinda zozizira.
Udindo wofunikira pakulima krinum kosawoneka bwino kumachitika ndi dothi: Choyamba, ziyenera kukhala zopatsa thanzi komanso kumasula. Gawo laling'ono liyenera kukhala ndi dothi labwino komanso kutentha mchenga poyerekeza 2: 1: 1. Madzulo a ikamatera, iyenera kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pakubwera ndi yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Tanki yodikirira imafunika ndi mipata yayikulu; madziwo ayenera kukhala pansi.
Kusamalira krinum munthawi yovomerezeka pabanja sikophweka. Munthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo, koma popanda kuthirira kwamadzi, nthawi yozizira - yolimbitsa thupi (nthawi 1 mumasabata 2-3). Dothi lapamwamba liyenera kuuma kaye nthawi yotsirira isanachitike. Mbewuyo ikazirala, chinyezi cha nthaka chimachepetsa. Nthawi yomweyo, dothi silingalole kuti liume, chifukwa mizu yanyini ya mbewu imagwira ntchito chaka chonse. Kuthirira mu njira yodzaza ndi masamba obwezeretsanso kumabwezeretsa, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa mivi wa maluwa. Kuthirira madzi okonda kutentha panyumba ayenera kukhala otentha.
Kawiri pamwezi amapanga feteleza wamaluwa amkati. Kudyetsa kumachitika kokha pakubzala, nthawi ziwiri pa sabata. Kuti muchite izi, tengani feteleza wamadzimadzi wamaluwa amkati, woikidwa motsatira malangizo. Chiyambi chodyetsa - masamba achichepere akafika, kumapeto - atatha maluwa.
Mababu amabzalidwa imodzi nthawi imodzi mumphika theka la kukula kwake. Miphika yodzala ma krinums aang'ono amatenga yaying'ono - 13 cm mulifupi. Krinum samayikidwamo kuposa kamodzi pazaka zonse za 3-4, pogwiritsa ntchito maluwa okonzeka kupanga kapena gawo lapansi pamchenga ndi mchenga.
Kubalana bwino kumachitika mchilimwe: ana omwe amawoneka mozungulira babu la chiberekero, kapena mbewu. Ana amasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera chachikulu, malo odulidwa amayenera kuchitiridwa ndi malasha osweka. Anyezi aliyense ayenera kudzalidwa mumphika wotalikirana, womwe mulifupi mwake ukhale wa 9-12 cm. Ndikofunikira kubzala kuti gawo lakumunda limatulutsa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nthaka. Ikani crinums achinyamata onenepa m'malo mwayaka, nyowetsani nthaka. Mababu amakula mwachangu kwambiri, nadzaza thanki. Chifukwa chake, pakatha chaka, mbewu zomwe zikubwera zimasinthidwa m'miphika yayikulu (12-15 cm), patatha chaka china, m'mimba mwake mumaphika amakula mpaka masentimita 15-17. Phosphate feteleza amathiridwa mu dothi.
Kubzala krinum yobiriwira nthawi zonse ndikuisamalira sikubweretsa zovuta zambiri: mukungofunika kuyeretsa nthaka kuchokera kuzomera zowononga, nthawi zonse onetsetsani kuti ndi lotayirira, ndipo musaiwale kuthirira mwadongosolo, kuchepetsa kuthirira m'masiku amenewo pakalibe dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuteteza mbewu kuti isasungidwe ndi nyengo zoipa - ndi peat, masamba kapena nsalu.
Kubzala dimba lamkati lotchedwa krinum mumphika watsopano kumachitika chaka chilichonse mpaka zaka 3. Mitundu ya achikulire imasinthidwa kamodzi pazaka 3-4. Nthawi yabwino ya izi ndi Marichi, pomwe kukula sikunayambe. Ndikofunika kufalitsa mosamala, kusamala kuti musawononge mizu. Njira zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa limodzi ndi dothi lakale losafunikira.
Kuti chidziwitso chodzala ndi chisamaliro choyenera chamaluwa amkati - krinum yodabwitsa - kuti ikhale yathunthu, ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti mbewu zachikulire zimafunikira kusintha malo apamwamba chaka chilichonse.
Matenda a Krinum ndi tizirombo
Ndi chisamaliro cholakwika, anthracnose imatha kuwoneka - mawanga amdima pamasamba. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kutentha kapena chinyezi.
Matenda ena ndi "kufiyira kofiyira": mawanga ofiira amawonekera pa babu ndi masamba. Mukamachiza chomera, muyenera kuchotsa mbali zonse zowonongeka, chomera ndi Fundazole.
Mwa tizirombo, kachilombo ta amaryllis mealybug, komwe ndi koopsa, ndi kowopsa. Njira yofooka ya sopo kapena mankhwala ophera tizirombo tithandizirani kuzichotsa.
Kulephera kutsatira zomwe akukula kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa: Pakakhala kuwala, nthawi yopumula, ndikusowa kwa michere, chomera sichikutuluka. Kuchepetsa chinyezi kumayambitsa kuzungulira kwa mizu.
