Currant - ili m'malo achiwiri pakugawidwa m'minda yamafakitale pambuyo pa sitiroberi. Izi ndichifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, izi ndizosagwirizana ndi chisanu komanso kulolera kwakwanthawi chilala (pongomata gawo la mphukira m'nthaka) komanso kutsika mtengo kwa zinthu zobzala, kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yayikulu komanso yowonjezereka chaka chilichonse. Komabe, othandizira okhala ndi matenda ndi tizirombo tambiri ndipo ndizosatheka kukula osalimbana nawo. Lero tikulankhula za chimodzi mwazilombozi, ndulu ya mafinya, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu, zomwe zimakhudza mawonekedwe a mbewu ndi zipatso zake molakwika.
Zizindikiro za ndulu ya aphid kuwonongeka pamasamba a currant.
Kodi kuvulazidwa kwa ma currants ku nsabwe za m'mimba ndi chiyani?
Ndikofunikira kuyambira kuti ndulu ya ndulu imakonda kuthana ndi "utoto", kutanthauza kuti, yofiira, yoyera, burgundy ndi zina, koma mawonekedwe amtundu wa golide ndi wakuda (kuphatikiza iwo omwe ali ndi zipatso zobiriwira) kuwonongeka kocheperako. Zikuwoneka kuti ndi chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka tsamba, "masamba" opakidwa utoto, masamba ake ndiwofatsa, choncho ndikosavuta kuwabowola ndikuyamwa mankhwalawo.
Chifukwa cha moyo wakhama wa nsabwe za m'masamba, ma tubercles oyipa kwambiri kapena akatupa pansi pamasamba a masamba a currant, zikuwoneka kuti currant imakhudzidwa ndi matenda amtundu wina, koma tikatembenuza tsamba, tikuwona tizilombo - iyi ndi ndulu ya aphid.
Ndulu ya aphid, yoyamwa mkaka kuchokera pamasamba a currant imatsogolera pakusintha kwawo kwamphamvu. Tizilombo timeneti nthawi zambiri amasankha kukula kwa chaka chino ndi masamba osalala kwambiri pa iwo, odzaza ndi madzi opatsa moyo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti nsabwe za m'masamba zimavulaza osati chaka chino chokha, komanso zimakhudza kukolola kwa chaka chamawa, chifukwa mphukira zatsopano zimaleka kukula ndipo chitsamba sichimakula, chifukwa chake kuthekera kwa zokolola nyengo yotsatira kumachepetsedwa.
Kufotokozera kwa nsabwe za ndulu
Gall aphid, kapena tsamba ndulu aphid, kapena redcurrant ndulu aphid (Cryptomyzus ribis) ndi nthumwi ya banja lalikulu la nsabwe za m'masamba okhala ndi anthu opitilira zikwi zinayi omwe amagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Ma nsabwe za ndulu tsopano akupezeka paliponse pomwe ma currants amakula. Ma ndulu a ndulu, posakhalapo minda ya currant kapena tsamba lambiri la chitsambachi kukhala loyenera kukhala ndi thanzi, limatha kukhala ndi moyo monga mbewa, senge, oregano, lavenda, thyme ndi nettle, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, siziphatikiza kubzala kwa mbewu izi.
Kunja, ndulu ya aphid siyosiyana kwambiri ndi ma aphid "odziwika" kwa ife, omwe samakhudza zitsamba zokha komanso mitengo. Ichi ndi kachilomboka kakang'ono kamene kali ndi maimidwe owoneka thupi, ofika mamilimita angapo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri alibe mapiko ndipo utoto wopaka utoto wobiriwira. Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa, ndiye kuti pamtundu wa ndulu ya aphid mutha kuwona tsitsi laling'ono.
Mu nyengo imodzi, mibadwo inayi kapena iwiri ya ndulu nsabwe za m'mimba zimatha kupanga, nthawi zambiri kumatentha kwambiri m'chilimwe, ma aphids ochulukirapo ndipo, chifukwa chake, amavulala kwambiri.
Ndi aphid m'modzi yekha amene amabereka mazana, ndipo nthawi zina zochulukirapo zamtundu wake.
Mafuta aphid pa tsamba la currant.
Kodi ndindani ma aphid amatchedwa "ndulu"?
M'malo mwake, pamene ndulu ya ndulu imayamwa timadziti kuchokera masamba a currant, chomera chimayesetsa ndi mphamvu zake zonse kuchiritsa mabowo omwe amapangira jakisoni ndikupanga minofu yomwe imawoneka ngati kukula - ndulu. Ngati simukumenya nkhondo ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, ndiye kuti mphamvu yamoyo ya mbewuyo singakhalepo yokwanira kuchiritsa mabala onse, ndipo itha kufa mwakuzimitsa.
Mwa zina, monga tizirombo tonse tomwe timayamwa ndi nsabwe za ndulu zimatha kufalitsa matenda osiyanasiyana a ma virus, ndipo tsamba la currant ikapyozedwa, kupatsira mbewu ndi kachilomboka, ndiye ngakhale mutha kuwonongeka bwino ndi ndulu za aphid m'magulu, munthu amayeneranso kuthana ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta.
Gall aphid moyo kuzungulira
Magawo a nsonga za ndulu amagawidwa mosangalatsa, mtundu wa maulamuliro kapena, makamaka botanic, polymorphism. Polymorphism imatanthawuza kuti mibadwo yosiyanasiyana ya nsungu za m'mimba imatha kukhala yosiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake komanso imapanga zinthu zosiyana m'miyoyo yawo yonse.
Mwachitsanzo, woyambitsa aphid, amatuluka dzira lokhazikika ndipo ndi mayi wa mibadwo yamtsogolo ya nsabwe za m'masamba, chinthu chosangalatsa ndichakuti samayikiranso mazira, koma amapanga aphid amoyo, ndiye kuti amabereka kwa iwo nyengo yonse yotentha. Ndi akazi okha omwe amapangidwa omwe amatulutsa m'badwo wotsatira.
Ma aphid ambiri amayimiriridwa ndi gulu la azimayi omwe sagonana, amadya madzi amadzimadzi a currant, alibe mapiko, chifukwa chake, sasuntha (nthawi zambiri mkati mwa chomera chimodzicho), ndi iwo omwe ali gawo limodzigenetic .
Gulu lotsatira ndi nsabwe za ndulu, zotchedwa okhalamo, ali ndi mapiko mokwanira ndipo amathandizidwa pomwe mbewu ya aphid imakula kwambiri kotero kuti imafunikira malo ena kudyetsa, popeza mbewu yomwe ilipo silingadyetse anthu onse mokwanira. Mwanjira imeneyi, nsabwe za m'masamba zokhala ndi mapiko zimawulukira chomera chotsatira cha currant ndikupanga mbadwo watsopano wa nsabwe za m'masamba, ndikupanga gulu latsopano.
Ma aphide amtunduwu amakhalanso ndi mibadwo yapakati, mwachitsanzo, ma aphid omwe amatha kukhala amuna kapena akazi popanda mapiko, koma amatha kugona ndi amuna osabereka anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lokwanira, koma amaikira mazira okhathamiritsa.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, pali m'badwo wa nsapato za bisexual zomwe tanthauzo lake ndi kutsimikizira kupulumuka kwa nyamazo, nthawi zambiri zimayikira mazira m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza namsongole yemwe ali pafupi ndi currant, mu khungulo la currant yomweyo ndi malo ofananako. Mwa mazira awa, nthawi zambiri amapezeka nsabwe.
Inakhudzidwa ndi ndulu ya aphid chitsamba curators.
Njira makulidwe a munthu ndulu aphid
Pambuyo pakuikira mazira, imatha kukhala mpaka masiku 250 mwanjira iyi, nthawi zina ochulukirapo, nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zokwanira ndi malire akuluakulu kuti apulumuke nthawi yozizira. Masika akangofika ndipo mpweya utayamba kutentha, oyambitsa aphid amayamba kutuluka mazira, omwe amasamukira ku chomera chapafupi.
Nthawi zambiri, kuchulukitsa kwa nsabwe za m'masamba kumachitika nthawi ya maluwa. Phala la ndulu ndiwofatsa kwambiri pamtambo wa masamba koyambirira kwa chilimwe (nthawi zambiri uku ndi kuyamba kapena pakati pa Juni). Kumapeto kwa Julayi, pomwe tsamba lalikulu la currant limakhala louma, anthu omwe adatsala aja agawidwa kukhala mbeu zomwe tafotokozazi, mbadwo umabadwa womwe umakhala ndi ziwalo zogonana ndi wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, zomwe zimabwereranso ku mbewu zomwe zimapanga dzira. Izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, nthawi zina mkati mwa mwezi uno.
Gall aphid control miyeso
Choyamba, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zachilengedwe ndikudziwa zamoyo zomwe tafotokoza mosamalitsa, nthawi zambiri mumaganizira za kusintha kulikonse kwa tsamba la currants. Ngati mungazindikire pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pa kusintha kwa masamba, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti tsamba ndi laphalidi - muwona mawanga ofiira, awa ndi mipata.
Njira yoyamba ndikuwulula chitsamba chamadzi ndi kutentha kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, bweretsani madziwo kwa chithupsa ndipo posachedwa, mpaka madzi atakhazikika kwambiri kuti athe kutsanulira pachitsamba nako. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ngakhale tsamba lisanawonekere, kuti muwononge ovipositor wa tizilombo, apo ayi masamba ndi zina zambiri kotero kuti inflorescence imatha kuwonongeka.
Misonkhano ya aphid
Ngati pali masamba ochepa a currant (enieni 4-5 pachomera chilichonse), amatha kuduladula kapena kudula ndi kuwotcha kupitirira gawo lamalo. Ngati nthambi imodzi yakhudzidwa ndipo ma tubercles pam masamba ambiri amatupa, ndiye kuti nthambi yonse imatha kudulidwa, koma odulidwa amayenera kudzipatula ndi utoto kapena munda wa var.
Zizindikiro za ndulu ya aphid kuwonongeka pamasamba a currant.
Zithandizo za anthu kuthana ndi ndulu ya m'mimba
Njira yodziwika bwino yodziwika bwino ndi mtundu wa fumbi la fodya. Nthawi zambiri amatenga malita khumi (akulu ngati kuli mvula) ndi kutsanulira fumbi la 250-350 g pamenepo, pambuyo pake amabweretsa yankho, ndikuwachotsa pamoto, kutseka ndi chivindikiro cholimba ndikuyika m'chipinda chamdima kwa masiku atatu. Pambuyo pa nthawi iyi, muyenera kufinya msuzi bwino, kuwonjezera sopo wa antibacterial, kusakaniza zonse bwino, kusambitsa botolo lothira mankhwalawa ndikuwachitira mbewu, kuyesera kuti ipezeke pansi pa tsamba la currant. Ngati ndi kotheka, chithandizo chotere chitha kuchitika ngakhale nyengo yonse yofunda, ndikusinthana kwa masiku 5-6, musangogwiritsa ntchito maluwa pang'onopang'ono, kuti musavulaze mungu ndi masiku angapo asanakolole.
Kulowetsedwa kwa marigolds ndi njira yachiwiri yotchuka kwambiri yolimbana ndi nsabwe za m'misempha pa currants. Kuti mupeze, muyenera maluwa angapo - pafupifupi 500. Maluwa a Marigold amatha kudulidwa mulimonse momwe mungathere, kutsanulira malita khumi a madzi amvula ndikubweretsa chithupsa, ndiye kuti muchotse pamoto, kuphimba ndi chivindikiro cholimba ndikuyika m'chipinda chamdima kwa masiku awiri. Pambuyo pa nthawi yino, muyenera kuwonjezera chidutswa cha sopo wa antibacterial kulowetsedwa (monga, koyambirira, idzasewera), gwiritsani ntchito zonse mokwanira, dzazani mfuti ndikuwathira mbewu zomwe zikukhudzidwa, kuyesera kufikira pansi pa pepalalo. Mankhwala amachitika nthawi yomweyo monga pochotsa ndi decoction fodya. Mlingo umatha kukhala wosiyana, kutengera kuchuluka kwa timapepala tating'onoting'ono, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti zonse zimanyowa.
Mustard idagwiritsidwanso ntchito kale, koma zinafika poti ndiye wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa zonse, adasankha kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito.
Zoyeserera zama mankhwala motsutsana ndi ndulu
Ngati njira zina zowongolera sizikuthandizani, mutha kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, koma sibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyipitsa nthawi yomweyo, tcherani khutu kukonzekera kwachilengedwe, atha kuthandiza. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwachilengedwe, kumbukirani kuti uwu ndi mtundu wa "chemistry", chifukwa chake simuyenera kukana kugwiritsa ntchito magolovesi oteteza komanso kupumira mpweya ndipo uyenera kuchitidwa ndi dzuwa, kutentha, koma nyengo.
Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kumapangidwa kuchokera ku mabakiteriya ambiri, komanso magawo osiyanasiyana a bowa ngakhale zinthu zina za ma virus. Akangolowa m'thupi la ndulu aphid kudzera mu phenoscis, pomwe imayamwa madziwo, imafinya, ndipo nthawi zina imawononga matumbo ake, ma aphid amafa. Mwachitsanzo, timapereka mankhwala omwe amalimi amalabadira, izi Bitoxibacillin, Yankho ndi Avertine. Kumbukirani, komabe, kuti mukamagwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kuwerenganso mosamala malangizo omwe ali pa phukusili, mwina osapitirira muyeso, komanso osasunga, apo ayi sipangakhale kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo moyenera.
Ngati nsabwe za ndulu zomwe zilipo pa currant ndizambiri mwakuti sizingathe kuthana ndi zosavuta, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamankhwala, motero muyenera kuvala zida zodzitchinjiriza, kuti mupeze mtunda wopita kufamu ya njuchi yayikulu komanso dziwe kapena mtsinje wokhala ndi madzi ambiri komanso nyengo yachete, ndibwino kuyamba kukonza m'mawa kwambiri kapena mochedwa.
Kumbukirani kuti pamenepa ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amavomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, osagwiritsa ntchito akale omwe "agona mozungulira" alumali. Ndikofunika kuchitira chithandizo choyambirira ngakhale pa nthawi yotsegulira masamba (ngati malo omwe ali ndi ma currant adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ma aphid msimu watha), ndikofunikira kuchita chachiwiri mukamakolola (ngati ndulu ya aphid ili ponseponse chaka chino). Koma zowona zonse zimatengera mankhwalawa - werengani malangizo, mwina mankhwalawo amakulolani kuchita ma process ena nthawi zina.
Wamaluwa amatsatira bwino mankhwala: Actelik, Ma Confidor Maxi, Wofatox, Kalipso ndi Proteus.
Masamba akufa a currant atagonjetsedwa ndi currant ndulu aphid.
Gall aphid prophylaxis
Pomaliza, tikambirana za kupewa kupewa nsabwe za ndulu, chifukwa matenda aliwonse, kuphatikiza tizilombo, ndibwino kuti musalole kupita patsamba lanu kuposa kuwononga mphamvu yanu kuti muthamangitse alendo osakakumana nawo.
Ndikwabwino kuyambitsa chithandizo choyambirira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, musanatsegule, ndipo ndibwino ngakhale masamba a currant atatupa, ndipo mutha kupitiliza kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (Novembala) masamba onse kuchokera pachomera atatha. Chothandiza kwambiri ndi chithandizo panthawiyi ya mbewu zonse ndi gawo la mankhwala Nitrafen. Nitrafen bwino amalimbana ndi ovipositor, koma imatha kuvulaza tsamba lalikulu komanso maluwawo. Nthawi zambiri 4% yankho la mankhwalawa limagwiritsidwa ntchito, kufinya 4 ml mumtsuko wamadzi. Izi ndi zokwanira kwa akuluakulu 20 kapena anyamata ang'onoang'ono okwana 40, ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito botolo la utsi.
Musaiwale za wowerengeka njira - chomera marigold m'mphepete mwa chiwembu, kubzala chamomile kapena calendula.
Onetsetsani kuti muchita udzu sabata iliyonse, kuyambira mwezi wa Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Kumbukirani kutionyamula tizilombo, mtundu wa "nyumba yopumulira" kapena "chipatala cha amayi oyembekezera" a nsabwe za m'masamba ndizotsuka, sikuyenera kukhala pamalo anu.
