Mtundu wa maula (Plumeria) ndizogwirizana ndi banja la coutra. Mitundu iyi imaphatikiza mitundu 65 yazomera. Katswiri wazamankhwala waku France dzina lake Charles Plumer, yemwe adakhala m'zaka za zana la 17, anali wotchuka kwambiri, ndipo zidamupatsa ulemu kuti mtunduwu udatenga dzina. Mwachilengedwe, mbewu ngati imeneyi imapezeka kumpoto kwa South America.
Mitundu iyi imayimiriridwa ndi mitengo komanso zitsamba. Kunyumba, ma plumeri amakula chifukwa cha maluwa okongola, omwe amatha kujambulidwa ndi pinki, yoyera kapena yachikaso. Maluwa amatenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri, pafupifupi nyengo yonse yachilimwe. Maluwa ndi akulu kwambiri (m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 10).
Pakati patali, chomera chotere sichimakula, motero sichitha kuwoneka kawirikawiri m'misika yamaluwa. Mukasungidwa m'nyumba, chomeracho chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 200. Ma Plumeri amakula bwino m'malo obiriwira.
Kusamalira Plumeria Kunyumba
Kupepuka
Ichi ndi chomera chachikulu kwambiri. Mawindo akum'mwera ali oyenera kuyika kwake, chifukwa maola osachepera 6 patsiku ayenera kuyatsidwa ndi kuwala koyambirira kwa dzuwa, apo ayi maluwa sangachitike. Itha kudalilidwa pawindo la kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Zenera lakumpoto silili oyenera kulimidwa, chifukwa chifukwa cha kuwala kochepa kwambiri, maluwa omwe atuluka pamenepo sudzachitika. M'nyengo yotentha, ndikulimbikitsidwa kusamutsa mbewuyo kukhala mpweya wabwino. Komabe, ndizosatheka kuziwonetsa dzuwa pomwepo, koma muyenera kuzizolowera. Nthawi yomweyo, ma plamu ayenera kutetezedwa ku zojambula, komanso mvula. Monga zogulidwa chomera siziyenera kuwunikiridwa ndi dzuwa mwachindunji, chifukwa zowotcha zimatha kupanga masamba.
Njira yotentha
Chomera kwambiri cha thermophilic. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira pakati pa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yachilimwe, matenthedwe amayenera kukhala osiyanasiyana kuyambira 25 mpaka 30 degrees. Mu nthawi yophukira, kutentha kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi yozizira - iyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti siyitsika pansi pa madigiri 16.
Momwe mungamwere
M'nyengo yotentha, ikasungidwa m'nyumba, kuthirira kumachitika mukangomaliza kupindika kwa gawo lapansi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi otetezedwa komanso ofewa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kocheperako, koma samalani kuti musakodze nthaka. Kuchulukitsa chomera kulinso kowopsa. Pankhaniyi, m'masiku otentha kwambiri komanso nthawi yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala.
Chinyezi
Panthawi yogwira, ma plumeria amalimbikitsidwa kuti azitsanulidwa mwadongosolo. Kwa izi, madzi ofewa komanso otetezedwa (osachepera maola 24) madzi ndiabwino. Komanso, kuti muwonjezere chinyezi, mutha kuthira miyala pang'ono kapena kukulitsa dongo mu poto, ndikuthira madzi. Komabe, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizike kuti pansi pa mphika wamaluwa simukugwirizana ndi madzi a poto. Mukapopera mbewu, pewani kuthilira madzi pamaluwa.
Feteleza
Pambuyo pa kuyambika kwa nyengo yakukula kwambiri mu kasupe, muyenera kuyamba kudyetsa ma plamu, omwe amatulutsa nthawi 1 m'masabata awiri. Feteleza wovuta kwa maluwa oyenda bwino ndi abwino kudyetsa. Zomera zikadzasinthidwa kumsewu nthawi yachilimwe, imatha kumalizidwa ndi muzu ndi njira yowonjezera mizu. Pukuta masamba mbali zonse ziwiri madzulo ndikukonzekera. Kuti izi zitheke, kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amachepetsa muyeso wa feteleza ofunikira kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Spray imachitika nthawi 1 m'milungu 1-1.5. M'dzinja, mukuyenera kuthira manyowa nthawi zambiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira - simungamadye.
Nthawi yopumula
Ngati mbewuyo mwakhala m'nyumba, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira imakhala ndi matalala. Itha kukhala milungu itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi (kutalika kutengera mitundu). Panthawi yopumira, masamba a plumeria amagwa masamba akale. Nthawi imeneyi ikatha, masamba achichepere, komanso maluwa, amayamba kukula mwachangu.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Kuika kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya masika. Mtengo wachichepere umayikidwa m'njira imeneyi pachaka, zolembera zachikale zitha kuziika kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri. Mphika wamaluwa uyenera kusankhidwa pang'ono (masentimita awiri kapena atatu) kuposa woyamba. Chifukwa chosowa mphamvu zotere, mutha kudula mizu ndi mainchesi 5. Pansi pa mphikawo muyenera kuthira dothi losakaniza pamalopo. Kuti mupange kusakaniza koyenera ndikofunikira kuphatikiza dothi la peat, sod ndi humus, komanso mchenga paziwerengero za 1: 2: 1: 1. Musaiwale kupanga chida chabwino chotsitsa pansi pa mphika. Pa izi, gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanuwo liyenera kudzazidwa ndi njerwa yosweka ndi dongo lokulitsidwa, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito chigoba cha mazira.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Pofesa mbewu, miphika yaying'ono imagwiritsidwa ntchito, mainchesi ake ndi mainchesi 6. Mbewu zikakhala ndi mizu yolimba, zimayenera kuziika mosamala (kapena kusunthidwa bwino) mumiphika yotalika masentimita 9. Osakaniza suction ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poika zinthu zina. Monga lamulo, maula, omwe wakula kuchokera ku mbewu, akusiyana momveka bwino ndi chomera cha kholo. Chomera chotere chimayamba kuphuka usanakwanitse zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Kudula kumalimbikitsidwa nthawi yozizira kapena masabata oyambira masika. Zidulidwa ziyenera kudulidwa pakona pang'ono. Zitatha izi, kagawo kamayenera kukhala kothira madzi, kenako ndi chida chomwe chimalimbikitsa mapangidwe. Kubzala tsinde, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mphika liyenera kudzazidwa ndi kusakaniza kwa nthaka, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu ndi perlite, ndikuthiranso pansi. Amabzala phesi kuti lisakhwime, ndipo lingaliro lake liyenera kumizidwa mwamtondo. Kuti mupeze bwino rozi mufunika kutentha kuchokera ku 25 mpaka 28 degrees. Kukhalabe kutentha kwambiri, kutentha pansi kumalimbikitsidwa. Kuunikira kwabwino kudzakhala kofunikira, ngati kuli kofunikira, ndizotheka kupereka kuwunikira ndi nyali za fluorescent. Kutsirira kumachitika mosamala. Umboni wa mizu yopambana ukakhala mawonekedwe a masamba achichepere. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika pambuyo pa masabata a 8-12. Kutsirira kumafunika pang'onopang'ono. Kenako amathira mumtsuko waukulu ndikusamalira, ngati chomera chachikulire. Maluwa, monga lamulo, amachitika patatha chaka, koma atha kuyamba kale.
Chenjezo
Mu chomera ichi, msuzi umakhala ndi poizoni, womwe ngati uli pakhungu kapena pakhungu la mucous, umatha kuyambitsa mkwiyo. Ngati madzi alowa mucous nembanemba kapena khungu, muzimutsuka ndi madzi ambiri, omwe amayenda.
Ndemanga kanema
Mitundu yayikulu
White Plumeria (Plumeria alba)
Kuthengo, mutha kukumana ndi ma Antilles. Mitengo iyi imatha kutalika mpaka 10 metres. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe. Kumbali yawo yotsogola pali tsitsi loyera. M'mphepete mwa pepalalacho timakwezedwa pang'ono. Kutalika kwa masamba pafupifupi masentimita 30, ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 7. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono onunkhira (mainchesi mpaka 2,5 masentimita) amapaka utoto woyera ndipo ali ndi maso achikasu.
Plumeria wofiira (Plumeria rubra)
Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mutha kukumana ku Mexico kapena ku Venezuela. Mitengo yowola imatha kutalika mamita 5. Zolemba zokhala ndi mazira zimafikira masentimita 50 m'litali ndi masentimita 15 m'lifupi. Pali zoyerekeza, mbali yolakwika yamasamba yomwe imatha kukhala yosalala komanso yozungulira. Monga lamulo, nsonga zamasamba ndizosalala, koma zimawongosoledwa bwino. Maluwa amatengedwa mu burashi pamwamba pa zimayambira, m'mimba mwake momwe amatha kufikira mainchesi 5. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, maluwa amatha kujambulidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, yoyera, yachikaso, yapinki, yofiyira komanso ya lilac. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyanasiyana masamba.
