Daylily - kumwetulira kwa dzuwa

Masamba a daylilies amaonedwa kuti ndi onyenthetsa mbewu zomwe sizifunikira chisamaliro. Amaganiziridwa kuti amatha kumera komanso kuphuka kwa zaka zambiri, popanda kupatsirana zina, pogona nthawi yozizira. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chidwi mwa iwo chakula makamaka chifukwa chakuti kusefukira kwamitundu yatsopano, yomwe sikudziwika kale ndi maluwa osavuta kapena owirikiza kawiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yomwe idatsanulidwa ku Russia.

Hemerocallis amatchedwa red-nkhope, nthawi zina hemerokallis (Hemerokallis). Dzinalo Lachilatini limachokera ku mawu achi Greek akuti hemera - "tsiku" ndi kallos - "kukongola", chifukwa Duwa lililonse limamasulidwa tsiku limodzi lokha.

Mitundu yoposa 50,000 ya daylilies idapangidwa kale, imodzi yosangalatsa kuposa ina. Zachidziwikire, si onse omwe amapezeka kuti azilima. Nthawi zambiri kusankha kumakhala kochepa chifukwa choti makampani apakati ochokera ku Poland, Holland kapena Canada amabweretsa. Amateurs omwe adamva kuti masana akula ngati maudzu atha kale kupanga mbewu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndipo ayembekeza kudikirira kusintha kwamaluwa awo.

Komabe, ziyembekezo za okonda ena sizinachitike. Alendo ochokera kumayiko a azungu nthawi zonse sanali kukhala odzikuza ngati masana achikondwerero omwe amakhala akudziwana bwino ndi maluwa achikasu kapena malalanje. Tsopano, m'mawu a makasitomala pamakoma olima, zolemba zake zakhumudwitsidwa zimamveka kambiri: m'minda ina yamaluwa ngakhale zaka 5 sizinakhalepo pachimake, mwa ena amatha kuwerengetsa masambawo ndi zala.

Pali ma daylilies akuluakulu omwe amakhala ndi maluwa ofika mpaka 38 masentimita ndi masana owoneka bwino omwe ali ndi duwa lakufika masentimita 2.2. Ndi kufalikira kotere, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa kuti tikulankhula za mtundu umodzi!

Ndiyenera kunena kuti nthawi zambiri zonena izi zimakhala zopanda umboni. Palibe kukayikira kuti mbewuzo sizichita pachimake, koma sikuti masana ndiomwe ayenera kutsutsidwa, koma eni nzeru.

Kutali ndi madzi

Choyamba, onetsetsani ngati malo omwe akutsikira ali okwanira. Daylilies amatha kumera pang'ono. Koma mikhalidwe yathu nyengo yathu, imaphukira kwathunthu m'malo otentha. Zisamalidwa, mbewu zimakana kutulutsa konse, kapena kupanga maluwa ochepa. Nthawi zambiri chakumwa chamasana, chomwe chimakonda kutulutsa bwino, chimasintha, chimakhala pansi pa mtengo wolimba kapena nyumba yatsopano.

Mumitundu yamtengo wapatali yamtundu wanthawi zonse, ma perianth sangathe kutseguka kwathunthu chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kutentha ndi kuwunika kwathu kpimatic zone.

Zakainics zimatha kukhala ndi moyo m'malo osiyanasiyana. Koma pokhapokha patayaka, modera, komanso dothi lokhatidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, zimawoneka muulemerero wawo wonse. Dothi louma kapena dothi lolemera liyenera kukonzedwa ndikuwonjezera kompositi kapena manyowa owola bwino. Thunzi tating'onoting'ono tomwe tikukula panthaka yachonde timatulutsa timitengo tambiri tambiri, maluwa ake ndi akulu.

Madera ochepa, osalala komwe madzi amayandama kwa nthawi yayitali mvula ikakhala yosakwanira kubzala mitundu yamasiku. M'malo oterowo, mutha kuyesa kubzala mbewu pamapiri okwera.

Ma Daylilies amakhala amtendere ndipo amayanjana bwino ndi malo osakanikirana ndi ena. Koma kuyandikira kwa mitengo ndi zitsamba zazikulu sikuwoneka bwino komanso momwe zimakhalira maluwa. Mizu yolimba yaopikisano okwera msanga imachotsa chinyezi ndi michere kwa otsika masana. Musapangitse kuti maluwa omwe mumakonda azikhala ovuta, osasinthika ndi omwe akukuzirani, ndipo adzasinthiratu.

Mitundu yamtundu wakuda silivomereza dzuwa lotentha masana.

Pakati pa Russia, kubzala kapena kubwezeretsa masana masana mu Meyi kapena August ndi bwino kwambiri. Pewani kuyeserera kokagula zotsika mtengo za masana kumapeto kwa Seputembala kapena mu Okutobala. Zomera zobzalira kale sizikhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu isanayambe chisanu. Itha kumwalira nthawi yozizira, kapena imapweteketsa nthawi yayitali chilimwe. Palibe nthawi yamaluwa.

Chovuta china chodziwika ndikuzama kwakukula kwa gawo la kukula. Masana, obzalidwa akuya kupitirira masentimita atatu, amadziwika kuti amaphuka kwambiri. Ngati mungayesetse kwambiri ndikudzaza dothi lozama masentimita 8-10 kuposa malo okukula, chitsamba chimatha kukana kutulutsa. Kuti mupewe mavuto amenewa, ndikofunikira kuti mupeze kukula kwa kubzala kasupe aliyense ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, mutuluke pansi kuchokera pansi pamatchire, ndipo nthawi zina mungakweze kapena kufalitsa mbewuzo.

Osati yoyera, koma zosowa

Masana sikufuna chisamaliro chovuta. Koma kuti mupeze phindu lokwanira, muyenera kuwapatsa zakudya zochepa.

Maluwa adzakhala akulu ngati mbewuzo zili ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Kutsirira ndikofunikira kwambiri kasupe, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe komanso nthawi yamaluwa. M'malo kuthirira pafupipafupi pang'ono, ndibwino kuti muzichita mlungu uliwonse ngakhale kamodzi sabata iliyonse, koma mochuluka. Kuphatikiza ndi kompositi kumathandiza kusunga chinyontho. Dothi lakuya masentimita 8-10 liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, ndiye kuti masentimita amakhala omasuka ndipo adzakondwera ndi maluwa abwino.

Ma daylilies ndi oyenera pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mawonekedwe: pamabowo amodzi ndi gulu pamtunda, pafupi ndi dziwe, motsutsana ndi zitsamba ndi mitengo.

Musaiwale kuti mutenga maluwa osangalatsa owala. Zomera zomwe siziyenera kuwononga mphamvu popanga mbewu zimawonetsa kukongola kwake kwathunthu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wama mineral kovuta kumathandizira kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa masamba pa peduncle. Nthawi zambiri daylilies amadyetsa kawiri: kumayambiriro kwa masika ndipo atatha maluwa. Koyamba sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi mpweya wambiri wa nayitrogeni. Izi zingayambitse kukula kwa masamba ndikuwonongeka kwa maluwa. Mavalidwe apamwamba atatha maluwa amatenga gawo lofunikira: zimakhudza kuyika masamba atsopano ndipo zimapereka zotsatira zabwino chaka chikubwerachi.

Ambiri adayenera kuwona zopepuka zazitali zamasana. Amapitilira kutulutsa maluwa, koma matandala awo nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika ndipo maluwa amakhala ochepa. Mutha kubwezeretsa kukongola kwanu kakale mwakugawa tchire lokulira m'nthawi. Izi zimachitika kwambiri zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Delenki yokhala ndi masamba atatu a masamba omwe limatuluka pachimake nyengo yotsatira.

Masamba okhala ndi mandimu, chikasu chagolide, lalanje ndi maluwa ofiira samavutika ndi dzuwa lotentha ndi mvula.

Kusankha kovuta

Nthawi zambiri, olima maluwa poyambira amagula zipatso, amangoyang'ana chithunzi chokongola. Komabe, muyenera kuyesa kupeza zambiri kuchokera kwa ogulitsa, chifukwa choyambitsa maluwa osalongosoka nthawi zambiri chimakhala chisankho cholakwika cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yobiriwira nthawi zonse yopangidwa ku malo otentha a United States sitha kukhalabe nthawi yozizira. Zomera zopulumuka nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kupuma kumapeto kwa chilimwe, nthawi ikachedwa kwambiri kutulutsa. Ndikwabwino kuti wamaluwa wopanda chidziwitso ayambe ndi kugona tulo, komwe masamba amafera nthawi yozizira - ali odalirika komanso olimba. Ngati mukusankha pakati pa ma diploids wamba ndi ma tetraploids omwe mwalandira, dziwani kuti izi zimasiyana m'maluwa akuluakulu komanso owala, koma, monga lamulo, zimakula pang'onopang'ono.

Samalani kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa. Dzuwa lathuli ndi lalifupi, ndipo mitundu ina ya maluwa mochedwa sikhala ndi nthawi yophuka. Ndikwabwino kugula zakudya zam'masiku ndi nthawi yoyambirira, yapakatikati, kapena, nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Kutha kwa mbewu izi kupitilira maluwa, mukangopuma nthawi yochepa tchire limaphimbidwanso ndi maluwa, zimatengera nyengo nyengo. Pakati penipeni pa Russia, maluwa obwerezabwereza a mitundu yambiri yokonza amatha kuwonedwa pokha pokha. Zina mwa zosiyanazi ndi mitundu ya Stella de Oro, yomwe imakonda kuphuka nthawi 2-3 nthawi yotentha.

Pali mitundu yausiku, usiku ndi yayitali maluwa. Maluwa masana amatulutsa mamawa kapena kumayambiriro kwa tsiku ndikudikirira mpaka madzulo - ambiri aiwo. Maluwa amadzuka usiku ndikufota tsiku lotsatira masana.

Mukamayang'ana kukongoletsa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kumbukirani kuti kugawanika pang'ono ndi masamba amodzi sikungatheke bwino mu nyengo yotsatira mutabzala. Muyenera kukhala oleza mtima ndikudikirira 2, kapena ngakhale zaka 3.

Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Njira zabwino kwambiri za m'munda mwanu - N. Chaplygina, woyimira masayansi azachilengedwe.