Tumphuka thunzi - chithunzi cha kukongola modabwitsa! Pankhani yowala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, palibe mbewu yamaluwa yophukira yomwe ingafanane ndi iyo. Dongosolo labwino kwambiri, lochita zaphwando limatenga pafupifupi miyezi 1.5, ndipo kukumbukira kwawo maluwa kumatha chaka chathunthu.
Mbiri pang'ono
Tulip kuyambira nthawi zakale anali ndi chikondi chachikulu pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana. Chidziwitso choyamba cha iye chikugwirizana ndi Persia. Olemba ndakatulo ambiri achi Persia adayimba maluwa, ndipo Hafiz adalemba kuti ngakhale rose siingafanane ndi chithumwa cha namwali. A tulip pakati pa anthu aku Turks anali ndi chikondi chachikulu. Polemekeza iye, ngakhale maholide apadera anali kuchitidwa m'minda ya Sultani.
Tulips adafika ku Europe mu 1554: woyamba adapita ku Germany, komwe adakongoletsa minda ya anthu akale. Kenako adafalikira kumayiko osiyanasiyana ku Europe, pomwe okonda chuma cha tulip adayamba kutolera momwe kuchuluka kwa mitundu nthawi zambiri kumafikira theka la chikwi.
Koma kulibe komwe kulakalaka kwa tulips komwe kudafika pamenepa kumachitika
Tulip (Tulip)Holland. Apa yatenga mawonekedwe a misala yeniyeni yomwe yakumbatira magawo onse ammudzi. Kwa mababu amitundu yatsopano adapereka nyumba, ng'ombe, malo abwino, ndi chuma chonse. Zonsezi zidatha mpaka boma litazindikira kuti chidwi chazomera zokongola zimatulukira pazinthu zazikulu zomwe zikuwopseza chuma cha dziko, ndipo mphamvu zake zidaletsa. Mabuku athunthu alembedwa za "tulip boom", omwe ali osangalatsa kwambiri kuwerenga tsopano, koma panthawiyo anali ngati tsoka padziko lonse.
Tulips, monga mbewu zambiri, amabwera ku Russia nthawi ya Peter I; amachokera ku Holland. Tsopano, mwina, palibe munthu m'modzi ku Russia, ngakhale kamwana kakang'ono, yemwe sakanadziwa mtundu wa tulip, ndi mawonekedwe ake. Koma m'zaka makumi zapitazi pakhala mitundu yatsopano yokongola yomwe anthu athu okhala chilimwe sadziwa. Tidzakudziwitsani pang'ono pang'ono, ndipo tsopano tiwulula zinsinsi zonse zakulima maluwa awa kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Monga mukudziwa, kuti musangalatse mtengowo, muyenera kudziwa mawonekedwe ake. Ndi zomwe tikambirana tsopano.
Anyezi - woyamba wa zonse zoyambira
Babu la tulip ndi mphukira wosinthika. Pansi pake pali phesi lamphamvu, ndipo masikelo ndi masamba osinthika. Mababu a bulb ndi osungira komanso chophimba. Zoyambazo ndizapakatikati, zabuluu, zowala (pakhoza kukhala zidutswa za 4-6), michere imayikidwa mkati mwake. Mamba owuma achikopa omwe abisala, amateteza babu kuti asawonongeke.
Pansi pa babu (m'mphepete mwake) pamakhala kukula pang'ono - muzu wokutira, momwemo mumakhala miyeso yamizu yamtsogolo. Pakati penipeni pake pali mitengo yoyambira masamba, yomwe imatha ndi duwa. Mababu a mwana wamkazi amaikidwa mu zolakwika zobisalira ndi kusunga masikelo.
Maluwa atakula, gawo la mlengalenga litasiya, mamba a babuwo amadzimiririka, ndikupanga chisa chonse cha mababu atsopano. Pachikulupo chachikulu kwambiri, chomwe chili pakatikati, pakhoza kukhala miyeso 4-5, ndipo pofika nthawi ya kufuukula, zoyambira masamba onse, mababu a zidzukulu, ndi ma tubercles oyamba a maluwa chaka chamawa apangidwa kale.
Mababu a Tulip (Mababu a Tulip)Chifukwa chake, kuchokera pazomwe tafotokozazi, titha kupeza mfundo zotsatirazi. Ngakhale kuti tulip ndiyomera yosatha, mababu ake amakonzedwanso chaka chilichonse. M'malo mobzala m'modzi, chisa chonse chatsopano chimawoneka ndi chachikulu pakati.
Kuchuluka kwa mababu opangidwa pachisa kumadalira mitundu, panthaka komanso nyengo, komanso chisamaliro cha mbewu, komanso nthawi yobzala.
Nthawi yabwino yokumba tulips ndikoyamba kwa chikasu cha masamba ndi pogona pawo (akadali obiriwira). Kuyeserera kwa mababu panthawiyi kukuwonetsa kuti ndi yoyera, komanso malo osiyana. Palibe chifukwa chomwe muyenera kudikirira mpaka masamba atakhala oma kale. Pakadali pano, chisa chimasokonekera, mababu amagwera pansi kuchokera pazikumba, ndipo mutha kuzitaya pansi. Muyenera kukumba tulips panthawi yomwe mutha kutenga chomera ndi tsinde ndikutulutsa chisa chonse cha babu.
Pambuyo pokumba kwa masiku pafupifupi 7-10, mababuwo amawuma pansi pa denga pamalo osungidwa pamtunda wa 24-30 ° ะก. Akayamba kuuma, ndiye kuti sangathe kukhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, popeza mamba oteteza kwambiri amaphimba babu ndi kupewa matenda.
Pambuyo pouma, mababu amayenera kusungidwa bwino m'malo otentha mpaka pakati pa Seputembara. ndi kutentha kwa pafupifupi 17 ° C. Chonde chinyezi ndi zofunika 60-70%.
Kumene, liti komanso motani?
Monga maluwa onse a masika, tulips amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri yophukira komanso maluwa. Kukula kumeneku kumasiya chizindikiro chake pazofunikira zadothi. Iyenera kukhala yachonde kwambiri, ili ndi michere yambiri munthaka yopezeka ndi mbewu, yokhala ndi mayankho abwino pazachilengedwe komanso katundu wabwino (kupuma lokwanira ndi chinyezi).
Zofunikira izi zimakwaniritsidwa ndi mchenga kapena loamy loy, nthaka yolimidwa bwino. Acidity (pH mtengo) wa tulips imatha kuyambira 6.5 mpaka 7.5. Pa pH pansipa 5.7 liming ndizovomerezeka. Ngati dothi silikhala lopepuka, mchenga ndi peat ziyenera kuyikidwa. Kumbani mpaka pakuya masentimita 30.
Tulip (Tulip)Pokonzekera dothi kuti libzale kwa mwezi umodzi, mulingo wotsatira wa feteleza pa 1 m2 uyenera kuyikidwa: kompositi, humus kapena non-acid peat 10-15 makilogalamu, choko kapena layimu yosenda mpaka 200 g, phulusa lamatabwa mpaka 200 g, feteleza wathunthu wazitsulo kuchokera 40 mpaka 100 g Kumbukirani kuti 350 g la laimu kabati pa 1 m2 limakulitsa pH ndi 1. Manyowa atsopano sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito musanabzale, kapena monga mavalidwe apamwamba, kapena mulching. Izi zimatha kuwotcha mizu ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Pofuna kupewa matenda oyamba ndi bakiteriya, tulips ayenera kubwerera kumalo awo oyambiriramo osapitirira zaka 5 pambuyo pake. Ndikwabwino kuwabzala m'malo otentha komanso osungika ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Pasakhale kusayenda kwa madzi, apo ayi kumabweretsa matenda monga typhulosis ndi imvi zowola. Kupezeka kwa madzi pansi panthaka pomwe ma tulips adzakulidwa sikuyenera kupitirira 70 cm.
Tulips adabzala kuyambira chakhumi cha Seputembalapomwe kutentha kwa dothi lakuya masentimita 10 kudzakhala 8-10 ° C. Mababu ayenera kuzika mizu musanayambe chisanu. Kuti mupeze mizu yabwino, amafunika masiku 30-45. Ngati kubzala kudachitika pambuyo pake, tulips iyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi mulch mpaka kutalika kwa 10-15 cm.
Tulips amabzalidwa mozama wofanana ndi kutalika katatu kwa babu, kuwerengera kuyambira pansi. Kukula kwakukulu wobzalidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 5-9 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, ang'ono - 4-5 cm.
Samalani malamulo
Mu kasupe (atangotuluka kumene), nthaka yozungulira tulips imamasulidwa kuti izitsegulira mpweya kuzomera ndikuchepetsa mpweya wonyowa. Komanso, kumasula kuyenera kuchitika pambuyo kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba kapena mvula yambiri.
Nthawi yakula, tulips amadyetsedwa 3-4 nthawi ndi feteleza wa mchere. Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimapangidwa mu chisanu mu mawonekedwe owuma ndi nayitrogeni: 30-50 g / m2. Lachiwiri - maonekedwe a misa mbande: 30-50 g yathunthu feteleza osungunuka osungunuka m'madzi, kapena kuthirira mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndowa (2-3 zidebe / m2). Lachitatu - munthawi yophukira, m'mapangidwe ake amafanana ndi lachiwiri. Chovala chachinayi chapamwamba chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa maluwa, koma osati patatha milungu iwiri: 30-40 g wa feteleza aliyense wa phosphorous-potaziyamu.
Tulip (Tulip)Ndibwino kuti tulips igwiritse ntchito feteleza wapompopompo wokhala ndi kufufuza zinthu (aquarin, crystallin, rastrin, nitroammofoska). Koma simungadye feteleza ndi mankhwala ambiri a chlorine, omwe ndi owopsa kwambiri kuzomera izi.
Mukukula, nthawi yamaluwa ndi maluwa, tulips amafunika madzi ambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika komanso kochulukirapo, makamaka akasupe owuma. Chinyezi chikuyenera kulowa mpaka pakuya mizu, osangonyowetsa nthaka. Kutsirira kosakwanira kumangoyambitsa kuvulaza, chifukwa zimatsogolera pakupanga kutumphuka. Malinga ndi malamulowo, malita 10 a madzi ayenera kuthiridwa pa 1 m2. Komanso, sikuyenera kukhala kozizira kwambiri. Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa tulips muyenera kusamala kuti madzi asagwere masamba.
Pa maluwa a tulips, alimi odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa amachita zoyeretsa zosiyanasiyana. Kuyeretsa mosiyanasiyana kumakhala ndikuchotsa zodetsa zilizonse kuti malo obzala kudera lanu atengedwa ndi mitengo yokhayokha yopanda kalasi imodzi ndipo mukufuna kuti izikhala yoyera. Poterepa, mbewu zodetsa zimakumbidwa ndi dothi lapansi ndikuzibzala pamalo ena. Ngati adaika mosamala ndi kuthirira, adzasungidwa bwino.
Kutsuka mankhwala azitsamba kumakhala kuzindikiritsa komanso kuchotsa mwachangu malo obzala matenda omwe ali ndi matenda, kuphatikizapo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka zipatso. Zomera zotere zimakumbidwa ndi mizu kenako ndikuwonongeka (zimaponyedwa m'dzenje ndi bulitchi kapena kuwotcha).
Tizilombo ta mtundu wa tulip ndi woopsa kwambiri, chifukwa nthenda ya ma virus imeneyi imafala mwachangu ndi zotulutsa ndipo siyingatheke. Matendawa amadziwonetsa posintha mtundu wa duwa ndi masamba. Ndiosavuta kuzindikira munthawi yamaluwa ndi maluwa. Pamiyala yokongola kwambiri, mtundu wachikasu kapena zoyera zimawoneka ngati mikwingwirima yosavomerezeka ndi mawanga. M'maluwa akuda kapena amtundu wofiirira, mitundu yawo imakulitsa, ndiye kuti, mikwingwirima kapena mikwingwirima imawoneka yakuda kuposa zina zonsezo. Mu tulips wa utoto wamtundu wa 2-3, mawonekedwe ofanana amawonedwa ndipo onse koma mtundu umodzi pang'onopang'ono umazimiririka. Zomera zodwala zimafooka, zimakhala zotsalira ndikukula pang'onopang'ono zimafa.
Pofuna kupewa kufalikira mwachisawawa kwa matenda oopsa, ayenera kusamala ndikudula maluwa kuti akhale ndi maluwa: ndikofunikira kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mpeni, secateurs) ndi 5% yothetsera wa potaziyamu permanganate, mowa kapena kuwiritsa moto.
Mababu a Tulip (Mababu a Tulip)Ngakhale podula tulips, ndikofunikira kusiya masamba awiri otsika kuti muwone bwino kukula kwa babu. Kupeza mababu akuluakulu kumathandizanso kuti maluwa azikhala okha, popanda masamba ndi ma peduncle (decapitation). Njira iyi imapereka zotsatira zazikulu ngati ikuchitika munthawi yake.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mkati mwa masiku 8-10 maluwa, tulip imatsegulidwa m'mawa ndikutseka madzulo. Chifukwa chake kuwola kukuyenera kuchitidwa patsiku lomaliza kapena ladzuwa lamaluwa, pomwe duwa silingathenso kutseka ndipo lakonzeka kutha. Tanthauzo la njirayi ndikulola kuti bulb ikule kwathunthu (ndipo imakula kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa), choyamba, kupewa kuti petals zisakhe, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa imvi pamasamba. Kachiwiri, njirayi imalepheretsa mbewu zina kukhazikika m'mabokosi ambewu, ndiye kuti michere ya masamba imapita kwa anyezi okha.
Mababu a Tulip amayenera kukumbidwa chaka chilichonse. Ana okha ndi omwe angathe kutsalira kwa zaka ziwiri zokha pomwe zibzalidwe mosiyana. Mukasiya mababu akuluakulu osakumba, adzalowa kwambiri padziko lapansi pachaka chachiwiri mpaka cha 3, ndipo simudzatha kukumba bwinobwino, nthawi zonse amabzala kubzala kwamaso kwa tulips.
Zabwino kwambiri mu kasupe ndi nthawi yozizira
Chifukwa cha mitundu yayikulu ya tulip kukula, mawonekedwe, mtundu wa maluwa, kutalika kwa mbewu ndi nthawi yamaluwa, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukongoletsa mundawo.
Ma tulips otsika (Magulu a Kaufman, Greigi ndi ma hybrids) amatha kubzala kutsogolo kwa mixborder ndi mapiri a alpine, m'minda yamiyala ndi malo otsika. Kuti azikongoletsa ma verandas ndi makonde, amatha kubzala m'mabokosi ndi mumtsuko.
Tulips Yapakatikati wokongola m'mitundu yonse yamaluwa, m'minda yokhazikika pa kapinga, pakati mapulani osakanikirana ndi mbewu zina zamaluwa - mascari, daffodils, hazel grouse, hyacinths, anemones, primroses.
Tulip (Tulip)Tali tali (Zosakanizidwa za Darwin, zokhala ndi mtundu wa lilac) ndizabwino kwambiri pamagulu akuluakulu pa udzu komanso kudula.
Tulips ali ndi mwayi wina: maluwa awo amatha kusangalala osati mchaka chokha komanso nthawi yozizira.. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa kusinthasintha kwa mbeu munyengo yakumapeto. Mwakutero, kukakamiza kwa tulips sikovuta kwenikweni, koma kumafuna kuonetsetsa zochitika zina, makamaka kutentha.
Mababu akulu okhaokha, olemera omwe amasankhidwa kuti atuluke: m'mimba mwake kuchokera pa 3.5 masentimita, kulemera kuchokera ku 25. Kuti mumalize mapangidwe a mabaluni zoyambira zam'matumba, zodumphira ndi ma pistes, zomwe zimayikidwa mkati mwake momwe zili pansi, mababu omwe adakumbidwa nthawi yokhazikika amasungidwa kwa masiku 30 kutentha kwa 18- 20 ° C.
Ndiye kwa masabata 13-22 (kutengera kalasi) amasungidwa pamtunda wa kutentha kwa 5-9 ° C. Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi kutentha pang'ono, zinthu zolimbitsa thupi zimapangidwa m'mababu zomwe zimathandizira kukula kwa tsinde la maluwa. Ngati nthawi imeneyi ndi yokwanira kapena kutentha kwambiri, ndiye kuti mbewu zake nthawi yomweyo zimamera pang'ono, maluwawo amabisala masamba, kapena masamba osakwiririka.
Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zokakamiza tulips ku madeti osiyanasiyana. Zovuta kwambiri - zoyambirira - za Khrisimasi kapena Chaka Chatsopano. Si mitundu yonse ya tulips yomwe ili yoyenera kwa iye. Chifukwa chake, ndi okhawo omwe amafunikira nthawi yozizira yochepa yomwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu: Kukongola kwa Apurikoti - pinki ya salimoni (yozizira masabata 15); Chikondwerero cha Khrisimasi - chitumbuwa cha pinki (masabata 15); Makonda okondedwa - ofiira akuda (masabata 16).
M'malo mokakamiza mababu amakumba sabata yoyamba. Mukatsuka, sankhani zazikuluzikulu ndikuziwumitsa pa kutentha kwa 24-25 ° C kwa milungu iwiri. Ndiye masiku 4 amatenthetsedwa pa 34 ° C, masiku 25 amasungidwa pa 18-20 ° C ndi masiku 15 pa 17 ° C. Kenako mababuwo amawaika m'matumba a pepala ndipo kuyambira pa Seputembara 1 mpaka Okutobala 1, amasungidwa ndi kutentha kwa 5-9 ° C mufiriji.
Mu Okutobala, mababu amabzalidwa m'makola, mapoto, kapena mapoto odzazidwa ndi dothi. Pazomwe zimapangidwa, zimatha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri, chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti dziko lapansi limakhala chinyezi, chopumira, ndi pH ya 6.5-6.8. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga. 2/3 ya mphamvuyo imadzazidwa ndi dothi ndipo mababu amabzalidwa patali pafupifupi 1-1,5 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, kukankhira pang'ono mkati mwake. Kenako amagona pansi mpaka pamwamba, zomwe zimatseguka pambuyo kuthilira kokwanira. Zotengera zimayikidwa m'matumba apulasitiki ndikusungidwa m'chipinda chapansi kapena mufiriji pamtunda wa 5-9 ° C. Panthawi imeneyi, kuzika kwa mababu kumachitika. Thirani mbewu pofunikira, ndiye kuti, kuti nthaka isawonongeke.
Zikamera zikangofika kutalika kwa masentimita 5-6, mbewuzo zimasinthidwa kuchipinda chowala (pafupifupi kuyambira pa Disembala 7). Masiku 2 oyamba amasungidwa kutentha kwa 15 ° C, ndiye kumawonjezeredwa mpaka 18-20 ° C. Ngati kulibe masana okwanira, kuwunikira kowonjezereka ndikofunikira. Madzi ngati pakufunika. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, timaluwa timayamba kuphuka.
The distillation pofika pa Marichi 8 ndizosavuta. Mitundu yambiri yochokera ku Triumph ndi Darwin hybrids ndioyenera izi. Mababu amakumbidwa mu nthawi yokhazikika ndipo amasungidwa pamatenthedwe otsatirawa: masiku 28-30 pa 20 ° C, kenako kutsitsidwa mpaka 17, ndipo kuyambira Seputembara 1 mpaka Okutobala 1, amasungidwa mufiriji pamtunda wa 5-9 ° C.
Tulip (Tulip)Zobzala pamtunda wapadera komanso pa Okutobala 1. M'chipinda chapansi kapena mufiriji pamtenthedwe wa 5-9 ° C muli masabata 18-20.Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Febere, mphukira zikafika pa 5-6 masentimita, zotengera zili ndi mababu zimayikidwa m'chipinda chowala ndi kutentha kwa 18-20 ° C, pomwe zimayamba kutulutsa pa Marichi 2-4.
Titha kupereka njira ina. Mababu obzalidwa nthawi yokhazikika m'mabokosi amasiyidwa pabwalo m'miyeso (akuya masentimita 40), ndikuyika nthambi zang'onopang'ono pansi pawo. Ndi isanayambike chisanu, mabokosiwo amaphimbidwa ndi peat youma kapena utuchi wouma, ndipo pamwamba pa padenga pazinthu kapena mafelemu. Chipindacho chimabweretsedwa masabata 4 isanafike nthawi yomwe maluwa amafunira. Akamasuka, chipinda chanu chidzadzaza ndi mitundu yowala ya maluwa a Meyi, pokumbukira kuti mapwando azithunzi a tulips ndi tchuthi chomwe chimakhala nanu nthawi zonse.
Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Ippolitova N. Ya.
