Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndi orchid oncidium (Oncidium). Mitundu iyi imayimiriridwa ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimasiyana kunja komanso kutengera kukula. Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu ina yomwe imakonda kumera m'nkhalango zowuma, zina zimamera m'nkhalango zotentha za South ndi Central America, ndipo pali zina zomwe zimapezeka pamwamba kwambiri m'mapiri. Pankhaniyi, palibe malamulo enieni osamalira mbewu iyi, komanso ma hybrids. Munthawi zonsezi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi kholo liti lomwe linachokera. Chofunikira kwambiri posamalira ma orchid amenewa ndikusankhidwa kwa kayendetsedwe koyenera ka kutentha, kulekerera kwawo chilala ndi mawonekedwe a nthawi yokhala chete.
Oncidium imasiyana ndi phalaenopsis chifukwa imakhala yolumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kutentha masana, komanso imakonda kuwala. Mitundu yambiri ya mbewuyi ndi ma epiphytes ndipo amatha kukhalanso pamwala. Pankhaniyi, salola kuti chinyezi chitha kwambiri.
M'pofunika kuganizira kuti ma oncidiums ochokera ku Dutch amapezeka kwambiri pazokongola kwambiri ndipo safuna mikhalidwe yapadera yokonza ma hybrids. Ndiosavuta kumera pakhomo ndipo nthawi yomweyo imaphuka bwino. Muyenera kuphunziranso zambiri za cumbria - dzina lotere la ma orchid osakanizidwa limakonda kugulitsidwa. Zophatikiza izi zimapezeka podutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya oncidium, komanso ma oncidiums. Izi hybrids amakhalanso odzichepetsa.
Oncidium wosakanizidwa mu shopu yamaluwa ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa. Amakhala ndi peduncle ya nthambi yayitali komanso yabwino, pomwe pali ambiri ang'ono, ofanana ndi zidole kapena njenjete, maluwa. Monga lamulo, amapaka utoto wachikasu kapena wofiyira. Duwa limakhala ndi pseudobulbs zingapo zomwe zimakhuthala. Ndipo kuchokera kwa iwo mtunda wautali masamba amachoka, omwe adakulungidwa ngati bwato. Nthawi zambiri zogulitsa pamakhala ma hybrids monga:
- Shuga wokoma (Onc. Aloha Iwanaga x Onc. Varicosum) - ndiye wotchuka kwambiri ndipo amadziwika chifukwa chosadzikuza, ali ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu;
- Kununkha (Onc. Cheirophorum x Onc. Ornithorhynchum) ndi ma hybron kukula kwake, ali ndi maluwa onunkhira (mpaka mamilimita 15), omwe, kutengera mitundu, amatha kupaka utoto wachikaso, choyera kapena chofiyira.
- Mwana wakhanda (Onc. Jamie Suttonx Onc. Honolulu) - mndandandawu uli ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi kununkhira kwamphamvu kwa chokoleti ndi uchi, ndipo kutengera ndi mitunduyo akhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, wakuda kapena wotuwa.
Mu shopu, muyenera kusankha chomera chomwe chili ndi ma pseudobulbs osachepera atatu. Pokhapokha, duwa logulidwa limakula ndikukula bwino. Ngati oncidium ali ndi zosakwana 3 pseudobulbs, ndiye kuti maluwa omwe amatuluka mgulawo amalimbikitsidwa, ndipo akamakula m'nyumba, nthawi zambiri amayambitsa mavuto akulu. Ngati ma pseudobulbs akhazikika pang'ono, ndiye kuti izi ndizabwinobwino. Pogula, muyenera kuyang'ananso ndi mizu. Mizu yake izikhala yopepuka. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono (osati youma komanso osati kusefukira). Mizu imakhudzana ndikusokonekera kwamadzi munthaka, komanso pakumeza mopitirira muyeso, komwe kumatenga nthawi yayitali. Ngati pali masamba a brownish pamtengowo, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musagule mbewu zotere.
Kusamalira orchid oncidium kunyumba
Thirani
Kuti ndikwaniritse chomera chomwe mwangogula, chikulimbikitsidwa ngati malo omaliza, mwachitsanzo, ngati mizu yavunda (ndibwino kuti musagule maluwa konse). Maluwa oterewa amakhala ndi vuto kwambiri pozikweza, kotero njirayi iyenera kuchitika mwachangu zaka zingapo zilizonse, mwachitsanzo, ngati gawo lawoluka lakhala ngati fumbi kapena ngati duwa ladzaza m'mphika.
Chidebe chowonekera sichiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala, popeza mulibe chlorophyll muzu wa mizu motero safuna kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ndikofunika kusankha mphika wochepa kwambiri. Zikakhala kuti chidebecho ndi chokulirapo, ndiye kuti gawo lake likhala lodzaza madzi. Kenako mphika umadzazidwa ndi madzi oyera, makungwa a mitengo yolumikizika imagwiritsidwa ntchito momwemo, ndipo kachigawo kena kofunikira kadzafunika kuposa phalaenopsis. Olima odziwa bwino amalimbikitsanso kuthira zidutswa zochepa zamoto, komanso sphagnum moss.
Mukabzala, muyenera kukumbukira kuti oncidium ndi chomera cha sympoidal. Mosiyana ndi phalaenopsis, yomwe imakhala yokhayo ndipo imangokulitsa 1 malo, imakhala ndi malo angapo okula omwe amagawana phokoso limodzi. Kukula kwa achinyamata mphukira kumangopita mbali imodzi. Motere, wabzalidwa pafupi ndi umodzi mwa mphikawo, kutembenuzira ma pseudobulbs akale kwambiri kukhoma. Izi zimamasula malo mphukira zazing'ono. Ngati pali mphukira zazing'ono pakukula, ziyenera kutembenukira pakatipa.
Palibe chifukwa chomwe muyenera kuzamitsira maziko a duwa. Chifukwa chake, ma pseudobulbs sayenera kumizidwa munthaka ndipo amafunika mpweya wabwino. Mukabzala, mizu yokhayo iyenera kuyikidwa m'nthaka. Dziwani kuti chidebecho chizikhala chodzaza ndi dothi pafupifupi pamwamba, apo ayi maluwawo amakhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Ma pseudobulbs akale sayenera kudulidwa, chifukwa, ngakhale ali ndi zaka zambiri, amathandizabe duwa. Ndikofunikanso kutenga mosamala maziko a pseudobulbs, popeza mukachotsa mamba pamaso pawo, mphukira zazing'ono, komanso maluwa, nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka.
Kuwala
Chomera ichi ndi chojambulidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri chimaloleza dzuwa. Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite mthunzi kuchokera ku dzuwa lowotcha dzuwa. Mulingo wounikira ungasinthidwe poyang'anira mtundu wa masamba. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuli kobiriwira kwakuda, ndiye kuti kuwunikira ndikusowa. Ndipo ngati masambawo ali obiriwira ndipo pamtunda pali malo owotcha ofiira, ndiye kuti kuwunikirako kumakhala kwakukulu. Ngati mulingo woyatsa wasankhidwa bwino, ndiye kuti masamba ake amakhala obiriwira.
Chomera ichi, ngati kuli kotheka, chitha kuikidwa pazenera la kumpoto, koma kuyenderera kuchokera pamenepa sizikuyenera kuyembekezeredwa. Oncidium imafunikira kwambiri kuyatsa pakapangidwe kakang'ono ka ma pseudobulbs, komanso pa kuyika maluwa. Pomwe kuti njirazi zimawonedwa nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kuti ziwunikire ndi phytolamp.
Mitundu yotentha
Zomera zophatikiza nthawi zambiri zimakula ndikukula pa 14 degrees degrees. Chipindacho chikatentha kwambiri, chomera chimasiya kukula. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kotentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku (pafupifupi madigiri atatu kapena anayi) ndikulimbikitsidwa.
Chinyezi
Duwa nthawi zambiri limalekerera chinyontho kwambiri m'nyumba. Chinyezi chotsogola chotsimikizika pafupifupi 40 peresenti. Muyenera kupukuta masamba kuchokera ku sprayer pamasiku otentha a chilimwe, komanso nthawi zina nthawi yotentha. Ndi nyengo yozizira yozizira (osachepera madigiri 18), oncidium sichinyowa. Ngakhale nthawi ya chaka, duwa limafunikira mpweya wabwino kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu mpweya wofalikira wokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri matenda a fungus amatha.
Momwe mungamwere. Maluwa
Momwe maluwa adzakhalire zimadalira momwe mumathiririra maluwa. Kuti maluwa akhale okhazikika, ndikofunikira kutsatira boma lotungira madzi, lomwe likuyenera kufanana ndi magawo a kakulidwe ka maluwa. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha kukula (pamene mphukira yaying'ono yatuluka pansi pa pseudobulb) ndipo pseudobulb isanayambe kupanga (mphukira imayamba kunenepa), kuthirira kuyenera kukhala mwadongosolo komanso kuchuluka. Akatswiri amalangiza kuthirira mbewuyo pomiza maluwa mumphika wofunda, wotetezedwa bwino. Kuthirira ndikofunikira pokhapokha gawo lapansi litawuma bwino, koma nthawi yomweyo "nyengo yopanda" siyikhala yotalikirapo. Za momwe dothi louma limatha kuweruzidwa ndi kulemera kwa chidebe ndi duwa. Simuyenera kuthirira oncidium mosadukiza, chifukwa masiku otentha kwambiri nthaka ikatha kuwuma patatha masiku atatu, ndipo nthawi yophukira imatenga nthawi yayitali.
Mukangodziwa kuti pseudobulb yatsopano ikupanga, kuthirira duwa kuyenera kuyimitsidwa, mwina maluwa sangachitike. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, pang'onopang'ono padzamera, zomwe zimamera kuchokera pansi pseudobulb yatsopano. Ngati mukutsimikiza kuti iyi ndiye peduncle, mutha kuyambiranso kuthilira orchid. Maluwa atatha ndipo isanayambike kukula kwa pseudobulb yatsopano, kuthirira sikuyenera kukhala zochulukirapo. Pomwe kuti mphukira yam'mera yaying'ono imamera, osati wogulitsa, izi zikutanthauza kuti mavuto adayamba ndi chomera. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kusokonezeka panthawi yotsika ndipo, monga chotulukapo chake, kukula kwa mbewu zosayenera. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri ngati maluwa alibe pang'ono pseudobulbs ndipo alibe mphamvu zopangira peduncle.
Ngati mbewuyo ikukula pakubwinobwino, ndiye imaphuka kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Ngati pseudobulbs alipo ambiri, ndiye kuti oncidium imatha kutulutsa pafupipafupi.
Ma pseudobulbs onunkhira amatha kuonedwa. Izi sizingagwirizane ndi matenda kapena kuthirira kosayenera. Amatha kukhazikika pomwe mphukira wachinyamata akungoyamba kukula. Nthambi zotere zimasowa mizu yake, chifukwa chake pseudobulb imawadyetsa, chifukwa chotsatira makwinya. Mukakulitsa kuthirira, izi zimangoyambitsa kuzungulira kwa mizu, koma pseudobulb sichithandiza. Komanso, pseudobulb imatha kuuma panthawi ya matalala komanso maluwa.
Feteleza
Amadyetsa mbewu pokhapokha mphukira zazing'ono zikayamba kukula. Pambuyo pa mapangidwe a pseudobulb, feteleza ntchito panthaka siyimitsidwa. Muyenera kuyambiranso kudyetsa pokhapokha peduncle itayamba kukula ndikumaliza mutatsegula maluwa 1. Ndiye kuvala pamwamba kumayamba pokhapokha pakuyamba kukula kwa mphukira yachinyamata. Mizu imakhudzana ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Pankhaniyi, ndende ya feteleza iyenera kuchepetsedwa. Ndipo nthawi zina muyenera kuthira masamba, chifukwa muyenera kuthira mchere ndi zofowoka njira yothira feteleza kuchokera ku sprayer. Poterepa, kuchuluka kwa feteleza tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuchepetsedwa maulendo 10 kuchokera pa mulingo wolimbikitsidwa pa phukusi.
Njira zolerera
M'maluwa amkati, maluwa okongola oterewa amatha kudalilidwa mwanjira yogawidwa mchingwe. Mutha kugawa chomera chomwe chili ndi ma pseudobulbs osachepera 6. Nthawi yomweyo, kufufutidwa kulikonse kumayenera kukhala ndi mphukira zitatu (zochotseredwa zokha ndizothandiza). Mphukira yam'munsi imadulidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri, kenako ndikudula kumene kumakonzedwa ndi makala osankhidwa. Musanayambe gawoli, ndikofunikira kulola dothi kuti liume kwathunthu, ndipo njirayi ikatha, kuthirira sikumachitika milungu ina 1-1.5. Panthawi imeneyi, chilonda chiuma.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Oncidium yomwe idagulidwa iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwa milungu 4, iyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
A mealybug nthawi zambiri imakhazikika. Ngati pamtunda wa masamba mutazindikira kuti pali zoyera kwambiri zofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje, ndiye kuti chithandizo chikuyenera kuchitika. Kuti muchite izi, nyowetsani tamba la thonje mu mowa ndikuchotsera tizilombo. Pambuyo pake, yambitsani kukonza ndi Actar.
Chikopa chokhazikika chimathanso kukhazikika. Zilonda zofanana ndi maula a sera zimawonekera pamwamba masamba ndi mphukira. Masamba ndi nsabwe za m'madzi zimatha kukhazikika. Pankhaniyi, nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kuwoneka ndi maliseche, ndipo kupindika kumakhala kovuta kudziwa, ndipo matendawa amatha kuweruzidwa ndikuwoneka ngati timiyala tasiliva pamtunda wa masamba, komanso ndi mfundo zazing'ono zakuda zomwe ndizotulutsa tizilombo.
Pamaso pa kangaude, mime yoyera, ndi kangaude umaonekera. Ndipo nthawi zambiri kukhazikika kosakhazikika kumakhala kokhazikika, masamba mu izi amasintha mtundu kukhala siliva. Chingwe cha anyezi chimatha kugunda mizu ndi maziko a mphukira za zoyerekeza zofooka. Mitundu yamtundu uliwonse imenyedwera chimodzimodzi monga ndi kangaude.
Itha kudwala matenda oyamba ndi fungal komanso bacteria. Ngati masamba a bulauni akuwonekera pa masamba, ndiye kuti malo omwe akukhudzidwawo ayenera kuchotsedwa. Chomera choterocho chimafunikira mpweya wabwino kwambiri, pakati pa zothirira nthaka kuti ziume kaye. Ndipo duwa lotere liyenera kuikidwa pamalo otentha, ndipo suyenera kusamba kapena kuwaza masamba. Kuchitira ndi zokhudza zonse fungicides (maziko a maziko, kutsatira malangizo), komanso yotakata-yotulutsa mankhwala (tetracycline, kuchepetsa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 2). Chomera chimapoperedwa ndi yankho lake ndikuthirira dothi nacho. Duwa lomwe labwezedweratu sikuyenera kukhala ndi malo atsopano kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe okalamba sayenera kukula.
