Aubrieta, kapena kubowola, ndi mtundu wa mbewu ya herbaceous yomwe ndi yabanja la Kabichi ndipo ndi masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse. Imapezeka ku mayiko a ku Europe, mwachitsanzo, ku Italy, France, ndi ku maiko aku South America. Zochita ndi malo osiyana siyana kulikonse. Aubrieta amatha kuwoneka pamiyala, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'minda kapena m'miyala yamiyala. Mtengowo udatchuka motero kwa wojambula wina wotchuka, a Claude Aubrey, yemwe adalemba zolemba zake mu mtundu wa botanical. Pamaluwa, mtengowo umafanana ndi kapeti wobiriwira mosalekeza. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya mbewuyi ndi kupatsa masamba abwino ndi zipatso chaka chonse.
Kufotokozera kwa Duwa la Auburn
Masamba ang'onoang'ono okwezeka amakhala ndi malekezero ndi malo owuma. Chikho cha maluwa chimakhala ndi miyala inayi, yomwe imafikira mainchesi pafupifupi 11. Mtundu wawo ndiwosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Maluwa onse amatengedwa mu inflorescence a mawonekedwe a racemose. Masamba a orbit ndi ochulukirapo nyengo yonseyo. Ngati mungasamale chomera nthawi zonse, kutsatira upangiri wa wamaluwa, mutha kuyang'ananso mobwerezabwereza maluwa mu kugwa. Maonekedwe ake amafanana ndi nyemba nyemba, pomwe mbewu zazing'ono zofiirira zimacha.
Kuti muyambe kukulitsa maluwa odabwitsa m'mundawo, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungabzalire mbande, ndikumangosintha kumene. Pansipa tikambirana momwe mbewu imachulukira, matenda ake, njira zotetezera ku tizilombo komanso malamulo posamalira duwa.
Kukula kumetedwa kwa mbewu
Kubzala mbewu yamtunduwu kumapereka mbande zambiri. Komabe, ndibwino kupezerapo mwayi pakakulitsa mbande, zomwe kenako nkuzikhalanso, chifukwa kufesa mbewu mwachindunji m'nthaka kungapangitse kuti mitunduyo igawanike. Pankhaniyi, ndizotheka kuyembekezera kuyamba kwa maluwa kumeta kokha mchaka. Mbewu zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa.
Kufesa ndibwino isanayambike masika. Nthawi iyi ikugwera kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February. Kubzala kwawo kumachitika m'miphika yaying'ono, yomwe imadzaza ndi peat ndi humus. Kuchokera pamathanki awa, mbande zazing'ono zimabzyala panthaka. Asanabzale, dothi lisananyowe, kenako mbewu zimayikidwa pansi, yomwe imakonkhedwa ndi mchenga wochepa. Kuchokera kumwamba zimafunikanso kuthiriridwa. Zomera zobzalidwa zimakutidwa ndi filimu yoteteza. Kuti mbewu zimere, ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha kosalekeza, komwe kumayenera kukhala kochokera ku 18 mpaka 21 degrees.
Malamulo osamalira mbande
Monga lamulo, kufesa mbande za mbewu kumafuna nthawi yambiri, chisamaliro chimayenera kutengedwa mosamala kwambiri. Simuyenera kuiwala kuyala ndi kuthilira tsiku lililonse. Mphukira zoyambirira zimayamba kuwonekera patatha milungu ingapo. Masamba obiriwira akangowonekera, mutha kuchotsa filimu yoteteza. Yesetsani kuti musaphimbe mbande, popeza mtengowo sulekerera chinyezi chambiri. Ngati mukuwona kuti mbande sizinakulidwebe kuti zithekere ndipo sizinakhazikike mokwanira, ndiye chifukwa chake mbewuyo imatha kudyetsedwa. Pazifukwa izi, osakaniza a michere ya mchere omwe amachepetsedwa m'misasa yochepa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Aubrieta ndiovuta kuzika mizu mukamayala ndipo nthawi zambiri amafa. Motere, duwa lomwe limamera pakhomo pazenera ndilosayenera kudumphira m'madzi. Ngati pali chikhumbo chofuna kupatula mbewu yokhazikika pakati pa mbande, ndikofunikira kufesa mbewu za mbande mumiphika yosiyanasiyana.
Kumeta kwapanja
Cisanu ikangoyamba kuzizira, mutha kuyamba kusinthanitsa ndi aubriet kuchokera mu thanki yomera. Kusankha dera lomera maluwa kumatsatira ndi udindo wonse. Onani mfundo yoti mbewu iyi imakonda dzuwa lowala ndipo sililekerera mthunzi. Pofuna kukwaniritsa maluwa okwanira komanso nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kukonzekera kubzala mbande chiwembu chomwe chidzakhale patsikulo dzuwa. Ngakhale dothi laling'ono kwambiri ndiloyenera kulima aubrey. Imamera bwino pamiyala ina iliyonse ndipo siimakonda posankha dothi. Komabe, dothi liyenera kuyamwa chinyontho bwino ndikukhala ndi phulusa kapena peat pakapangidwe kake. Malo pang'ono amchere kapena osaloledwa pamtunda amaloledwa.
Mutha kubzala kumetera pa maluwa momwe mumafunira. Chomera ndichabwino komanso chosinthasintha. Kukula ndi kutalika kwa mizu ya mbande kumakhudza kuya kwakukula. M'lifupi mwa dzenje mupangire hafu m'lifupi mwake. Mukakulitsa maluwa mchidebe cha pulasitiki, mbale zake zimayenera kumizidwa m'madzi kuti zisawononge mbewuyo ikachotsedwa. Pakumera mabandi am'mwamba pamphika, mmera umachotsedwa ndikuzisungamo. Nthaka mozungulira imapanikizidwa pang'ono ndikuwazidwa ndi mchenga, kenako kuthiriridwa.
Kusamalira Mundawo
Aubrieta ndi duwa lopanda tanthauzo ndipo safuna kuchita kwapadera akachoka. Zonena za akuluakulu sizingafunikire kuthirira kwa nthawi yayitali, kupatula kumangokhala kouma komanso kotentha chabe. Monga lamulo, pansi pa nyengo yocheperako, kuthirira kwambiri kumapangitsa kubzala kwambiri kwa greenery, komwe kumapangitsa maluwa. Mphukira zazing'ono zimafunika kuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono kufikira zitalimbikitsidwa. Kumwaza kumawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothirira. Nthaka yomwe ili pabedi lamaluwa iyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse ndikuchotsa udzu.
Pak maluwa, dothi lozungulira chomeralo limakonkhedwa ndi mchenga kuti lisungidwe chinyontho. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira kapena nthawi yophukira, kumetera kuyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa akamakula mitundu ya mbewu zosatha.
Ndikofunikira kuchita kudulira kwathunthu kwa mphukira zonse zobiriwira maluwa atatha kumapeto kwa aubrieta. Chifukwa cha izi, masamba obiriwira achichepere ndi masamba ayamba posachedwa. Adzakhala chowonjezera chowonjezerapo ku maluwa akukula moyandikana ndi maluwa. Kapeti wamaluwa wotereyu amatha kukhalanso wokongola mpaka nthawi yophukira yophukira.
Maluwa kukameta ubweya maluwa
Upangiri wa Mbewu
Monga tafotokozera kale, njira yambewu siziberekera zosungira mbande za mbewu zamitundu mitundu. Komabe, ngati ntchito ndikufunika kutola mbewu, ndiye kuti, pakudulira, ndikofunikira kusiya mphukira zingapo ndi thumba losunga mazira pachitsamba. Pambuyo poti ziphuphu ndikuchita khungu, zimayenera kudulidwa. Mbeu zodukizazi zimawuma ndipo zimapatsa mpweya wabwino. Kenako amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Kukonzekera auria nthawi yachisanu
Maluwa atayamba kuphuka, akatswiri odziwa ntchito zamaluwa nthawi zambiri amatha kudulira. Pakakhala maluwa ena omwe amapezeka nthawi yophukira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti masamba onse ndi mphukira zimasiyidwa osakonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Kukonzanso kumachitika bwino nyengo yotsatira. Chomera chachikulire chokhazikika chimatha kupirira nthawi yozizira ngati chivundikiro chisanu chikakwanira. Pazovuta kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuphimba chitsamba ndi masamba owuma ndi nthambi za spruce kuti ziziteteza kuti zisafe ndi kuzizira.
Njira za kuswana
Maluwa a sheath amatha kufalikira mwa njira iliyonse yabwino, chifukwa mtengowo ndiwofatsa pankhaniyi. Njira yofalitsira mbewu kapena zodula imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka. Kulima kumeta kwa mbande kunafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi ife kale. Alimi omwe ali ndi odziwa kusamalira maluwa osiyanasiyana amasankha njira yofalitsira mbewu. Asanabzala, gawo la bedi la maluwa limatsukidwa namsongole, miyala yaying'ono ndikukumba. Kusakaniza kwa feteleza kumalowetsedwa m'nthaka yokonzeka, ndiye kumakonkhedwa ndi phulusa lamatabwa ndi choko ndikuwanyowa. Mbewu zimabzalidwa patali kutali ndi mzake, pambuyo pake zimakonkhedwa ndi mchenga ndikuthirira. Ngati kubzala kunachitika mchaka, ndiye kuti muyembekezere kuti mphukira yoyamba itatha masiku 10-20. Pankhani yakubzala mbewu yophukira, mphukira zazing'ono zimawonekera chaka chamawa.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Njira yofalikira yofalitsira pochita kudula. Mukameta ndevu m'chilimwe, monga lamulo, ambiri mphukira zobiriwira zimakhalabe kuti mulibe maluwa. A wowonjezera kutentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala kudula. Nthaka yokonzedwa yopangidwa ndi peat ndi mchenga umathiridwa mmenemo nthawi isanakwane. Zidula zomwe zakhala ndi mizu amazika nazo pabedi lamaluwa. M'madera omwe kutentha kumatentha kwambiri nthawi yozizira kumakhala, mbande zimasiyidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha mpaka kuphukira, kuti zilimbe ndikukula.
Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba
Kugawika kwa tchire kumachitika mchaka komanso kugwa, chomera chimavutika chimodzimodzi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika motsatizana. Poyamba, amafunikira kukumba chitsamba chamete ndikugawa magawo ofanana, momwe mphukira zolimba ndi mizu zidzakhalapo. Kenako zimabzalidwa m'ma akasupe osiyanasiyana. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti njira yolerera imeneyi siyabwino konse. Zina zodziyankhazo ndizovuta kuzika mizu, chifukwa chake wamaluwa amakonda kulima kumetedwa kwa njere kapena kudula.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Aubrieta ndi chomera chokongoletsera ku zovuta zamatenda ndi tizirombo. Nthawi zina, matenda amtundu wouma amawonedwa. Matenda oterewa amachititsa kuyanika koyera komwe kumapezeka pamasamba ndi maluwa, omwe patapita nthawi amakhala bulauni. Chifukwa cha kudwala, duwa limataya chidwi chake. Pang'onopang'ono mbewuyo imayamba kuzimiririka ndikuchita khungu. Kuletsa kufalikira kwamatendawa, tchire limathandizidwa ndi yankho la sulufule ya colloidal.
Choopsa chachikulu kumetedwa ndi aphid, omwe amachotsa mphamvu ya chomerayo ndikudya pamasamba ake a m'manja. Aphid ndiwonyamula matenda osiyanasiyana a virus. Kuti muwononge, mankhwala monga Fufanon kapena Karbofos amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati chiwerengero cha tizirombo ndi chachikulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amabwerezedwa kangapo kuti muchotse tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Duwa la sheath, lomwe limamera m'matanthwe, silimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya obriet
Masiku ano, pali mitundu pafupifupi 12 ya duwa, kuphatikizapo. Kudera lathu, mitundu yachilendo imapezeka monga aurethia yoyera, aurethia yapamwamba, ndi kumetedwa kwa Kolumka. Mwachitsanzo, mwachitsanzo, duwa lofiirira, lomwe limawoneka ngati mtengo wobiriwira wosatha kale, layamba kufala. Masamba amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amizeremizere m'mphepete ndi utoto wonyezimira. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono a lilac amasonkhana mu mlengalenga wotuluka maluwa wofanana ndi chitsamba cha lilac. Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndipo imatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Mtundu wa aubrietwu ndi mtundu woyamba wamtundu wobzalidwa wamaluwa.
Aubrieta wosakanizidwa kapena wobiriwira ndi mbewu yomwe imatalika pafupifupi 20 cm ndipo imatha kuzizira bwino. Masamba okhala ndi malekezero opindika ali ndi gawo lalitali, lamaluwa ofiirira a ofooka. Aubrieta obzalidwa ndi mbewu. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyotchuka kwambiri:
- Aubrieta akuwuluka, ali ndi maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi masamba obiriwira. Chitsamba chamtunduwu chimasunga zobiriwira ngakhale nthawi yozizira.
- Enchanting Morocco ndi maluwa okongola okhala ndi makapu akuluakulu amtundu wabuluu, wofiira kapena wapinki.
- Cote d'Azur ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya риburei, yomwe imadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri komanso nthawi zonse pachaka.
- Mtsinje wama Giant - wosakanizidwa wosatha wa lilac, pinki kapena ofiira, amakula mpaka 15 cm ndipo ali ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono.
Palinso mitundu ina yotchuka kwambiri ya aubriet: Carnival, Gloriosa, Wanda, Blue King, Mfumukazi, Royal Keskade, Triumph ndi ena.
