Chithunzi cha Monarda chimadzala maluwa chodzalidwa ndi njereMwa mitundu 20 ya mabanja a Labretaceous (Iasnatkovaya) azaka zodziwika pachaka komanso zokhala ndi zipatso zomwe zimachokera ku America ku North America ndipo ndizofala kwambiri ku Mexico kupita ku Canada, chomera cha monarda ndichabwino. Karl Linney m'dzina la duwa sanatchule dzina la Spaniard Nicholas Monardes, yemwe anadzipereka moyo wake ku mankhwala ndi mankhwala, ndipo mu 1574 adatulutsa buku lonena za mbewu zaku America.
M'buku lake, Monardes adatchulanso dzina lina loti monarda: mbewuyo idadziwika kuti mzimu wa Namwali kapena ku Canada. Kamodzi ku gawo la Old World, monarda adakopa chidwi chake monga chofunikira cha mafuta ndipo kuyambira m'ma 1800 adayamba kudziwika kuti bergamot, mankhwala a ndimu ku America kapena mandimu a mandimu.
Kufotokozera kwa Monarda
Monarda mu mawonekedwe opanga mawonekedwe pabedi la maluwa wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Monarda osatha ndi pachaka amatanthauza mbewu za rhizome. Nthambi zake zowongoka kapena zowongoka zimakwera kutalika kwa 1.5 metres. Masamba a monarda ndi onunkhira, okhala ndi mawonekedwe owumbika komanso opindika. Ang'onoang'ono, onunkhira bwino, maluwa awiri okhala ndi milomo iwiri amatengedwa m'makulidwe, mpaka 7 masentimita, inflorescence ahlanga kapena mtundu. Maluwa oyera, achikaso, ofiira, amawangamawanga amapezeka imodzi pamwamba pa inzake kutalika konse kwa tsinde. Chipatso cha monarda ndi nati, mkati mwake momwe muli mbewu.
Kucha, mbewu sizikutaya kumera kwa zaka zitatu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba limodzi pakubzala mpaka zaka 7. Monarda amayamikiridwa osati kokha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola a duwa, komanso fungo lake lapadera, lomwe limapezeka kuti limaphika ngati zonunkhira komanso monga chowonjezera pa tiyi. Zosafunikira ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi mbewu ya uchi.
Momwe mungabzale mbeu za m'nthaka m'nthaka
Momwe mungafesere mbewu za monarda mwachindunji m'nthaka chithunzi chowombera
Kubzala Monarda kasupe
Ngati mbewu ya monarda imalimidwa kumadera akumwera, ndiye kuti mbewu zake zimafesedwa pansi. Chitani izi mu February, kusankha tsiku lotentha. Miyezi ingapo yotsatirapo, yozizira, idzathandizira kuchulukana kwa mbewu. Ndipo mu Epulo-mwezi wokha momwe tingayembekezere kuwonekera kwa mphukira zamphamvu komanso zochezeka, zomwe pakapita kanthawi ziyenera kudutsidwa.
Ngati panthawi yofesa pansi pali chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, muyenera kuyeretsa chidacho ndikuchiphimba ndi filimu. Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa kanema imawotha bwino ndikukonzekera kumasula. Asanayike nthangala mmenemo, pamwamba pake amaphatikizidwa ndi mchenga. Mbewu zofesedwa mwakuya osapitilira 2,5. Ndikwabwino kuwaza mbewu pamwamba ndi mchenga, osati dothi.
Kubzala monarda m'nyengo yozizira
Ambiri amachita dzira lachifumu kufesa njere atakolola. Ndikofunikira kudikirira kuti muzimva kuzizira, ndipo chisanu chamadzulo mpaka 5 ° C. Dera lililonse limakhala ndi nyengo yake, koma nthawi yozizira imatha kufesedwa kale kumapeto kwa Okutobala, pomwepo popanda chiwopsezo cha kumera kwa mbeu nyengo yofunda.
Bedi limakonzedwa pasadakhale kuti dziko lapansi likhazikike ndikupanga zopangika patali masentimita 20-25. Zofesedwanso sizachilendo kwenikweni komanso osati zakuya, mpaka 2,5 cm.
Pofika kumapeto kwa masika, mbande zachikulire zimayenda pansi kuti zikwere zitsamba zokongola komanso zamphamvu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti duwa limamera pang'onopang'ono.
Kukula monarda kuchokera ku mbewu za mbande kunyumba
Monarda kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba akuwombera
Njira yolimilira yolondera ndimakonda kuposa zonse.
- Kuti pofika Epulo mbande zikhale zitayamba kubzala, mu Januware. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mabokosi kapena zidebe zopopera, momwe dothi lamtunda limathiridwa kuti mbewu zokulira zamaluwa zikulire.
- Seeding kuya 1.5-2 cm
- Pogwiritsa ntchito filimu kapena thumba lotambasuka, sungani kutentha pa 20 ºC.
Mphukira zoyambirira ziyenera kuyembekezedwa pambuyo pa masabata 3-4. Zitenga masabata ena atatu kuti mbande zomwe zikulire zipange masamba enieni enieni. Masamba 2-3 akaoneka, mbewu zizikulungidwa m'makapu amodzi kapena pazinthu zazikulu kuti ziwonjezere malo operekerako zakudya malinga ndi chiwembu: 4x4 kapena 3x3.
Madzi osasamala kuti musadzaze mbande ndikuti zisakuchezereni zowola. Patsani kuwala kwambiri, osalola kutentha kwambiri kuti mbande zisatambasule. Izi zikachitika, tsanulirani dothi mosamala masamba kuti masamba asasokere.
Pomwe magawo awiri oyamba a masamba owona amawoneka, mbande za monarda zikuyenera kusinthidwa: tengani mabokosi mumsewu kapena khonde. Kuyambira ndi ola limodzi kapena awiri, onjezerani nthawi kukhala tsiku lathunthu. Sabata imodzi kapena iwiri yolimbitsa ndikokwanira kukonzekeretsa mbewu kuti izitha kuzisungitsa pamalo osavomerezeka panthaka.
Mulingo woyenera wobzala monarda mu nthaka
Monarda amasangalatsa maso pokhapokha ngati pali zifukwa zomwe zimapangidwa zomwe ndizofunikira kuti mbewuyo ikule, ngakhale sizimasiyana pakapangidwe kake. Duwa limakonda malo okhala ndi dzuwa lotetezedwa ndi mphepo. Zigawo za m'munda zomwe sizikuwoneka bwino sizimuwopsa. Nthaka imakonda kuwala. Dothi lamadzi lokhala ndi madzi limasokoneza bwino chomera.
Masika ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri kubzala mbewu, ngakhale malo oyaliramo amakonzedweratu, kumapeto. Kuti muchite izi, namsongole amawonongeka ndipo malowo amakumbidwa pamodzi ndi peat, manyowa (pamtunda wa 2-3 kg pa 1 m²) ndi zovuta zamafuta amchere, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mchere wa potaziyamu (30 g / m²), superphosphate (50 g / m²), laimu (40 g / m² ) Asanabzike masika, feteleza wa nayitrogeni (30gr / 1m²) amawonjezeranso nthaka.
Tikukula monarda
Momwe mungabzalire mwana wopeza pansi
Pomwe ma masamba atatu atapangidwa pambewu, ndipo izi zidzachitika miyezi ingapo pambuyo pa kuwonekera koyamba, amazisamutsa panthaka yokonzeka.
Akabzala, amasunga mtunda pakati pa tchire masentimita 60. Atafika kumtunda, wophunzirayo ayenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri. Sachita mantha ndi madzi oundana a masika mpaka -5 ºº ndipo amawalekerera mosavuta. Ndikabzala mbewu, maluwa a monarda amatha kuzindikiridwa pakatha chaka chimodzi. Ngati monarda wabzulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mbande, ndiye kuti ena mwa makope ake angakondweretse ndi maluwa awo mchaka chodzala.
Momwe mungasamalire monchi m'munda
Chofunikira ndi kupereka kuthirira koma moyenera pachilimwe m'chilimwe. Ngati kutentha kumakhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti m'monke monard amayenera kuthiriridwa tsiku lililonse. Nyengo yotentha yopanda kuthirira ikhoza kubweretsa matenda oopsa ku chomera - powdery mildew. Zikhala bwino panthawiyi kupukuta nthaka pang'onopang'ono mwa monard ndi peat ndikuyiimitsa nthawi zonse.
Kudyetsa chikhalidwechi pogwiritsa ntchito granular Agricola kapena Kemira kawiri pamwezi pachakudya chonse. Mullein wothira mu mulingo wa 1 mpaka 10 sangasokoneze izi. Popewa tizilombo, mbewuyo imathandizidwa ndi Fundazole kapena msanganizo wa Bordeaux kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira.
Momwe mungafalitsire monona pogawa chitsamba
Tsoka ilo, pakufalikira kwa mbewu, sikofunikira kuti muthe kuteteza zilembo zamtundu wina ngati mukukula mitundu yapamwamba.
Kuti musunge mitundu, muyenera kuthana ndi kugawidwa kwa chitsamba zaka 3-4. Kodi Thirani monarda? Izi zitha kuchitika kawiri pachaka: mu Epulo, ngati dothi latenthetsedwa bwino, kapena ndikayamba yophukira. Kuti muchite izi, mizu ya chitsamba chokumbidwacho imamasulidwa kuchokera pansi ndikugawidwa ndi maso.
Tchire tatsamba tatsopano timabzalidwa chimodzimodzi ngati kale, m'mabowo okonzekera. Popeza tchire zobwezedwa kale zimakula kale patadutsa zaka zingapo (mpaka 1 mita mulifupi), zidzakhala zofunikira kuti ndikazomera ndikugawa chitsamba nthawi zambiri.
Kufalikira kwa monarda podulidwa
Momwe mungafalitsire monona ndi chithunzi chodula
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodula mukamafesa mbewuyo.
- Kuti muchite izi, sankhani 7 - 10 centimeter kudula, omwe amapanga mizere kuchokera kwa mphukira zobiriwira zobiriwira, koma osayamba kuphuka.
- Tulutsani masamba onse m'munsi mwa chogwirizira, kumtunda kumadulidwa 1/3.
Momwe mungabzale mbewa ndi zodula
- Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa mu bokosi lokonzekera kapena miphika yokhala ndi gawo lopanda michere ndikuyeretsa m'malo amdima.
- Mutha kungoika zodula m'madzi.
- Pambuyo pa masabata awiri ndi atatu, mizu imapangika ndikudulidwa kwa monarda ndipo amakhala okonzeka kupandiridwira panja. Ndikwabwino kuzichita mu Ogasiti.
Matendawa atha kupezeka ndi tizirombo
Monarda amatsutsa modabwitsa matenda onse ndi tizirombo tambiri tambiri. Asayansi amati izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mafuta ofunikira m'mizu ya chomera. Ngakhale izi, kuthirira kosakwanira pakakhala kutentha kosasunthika, powdery mildew ikhoza kugunda monard. Ulamuliro wothirira wolondola ndi kuphatikiza dothi kudzakuthandizani kuti muchotse. Nthawi zambiri, chomera chimatha kulimbana ndi kachilombo ka fodya kapena dzimbiri ndikukula.
Momwe mungatolere mbewu za monarda
Momwe mungatolere chithunzi cha mbewu ya monarda
Kucha mbewu kumachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti komanso kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Chomera chikazirala, muyenera kusamala. Kuti mbewu zisatulutse, muyenera kudula ma testes osayimitsidwa ndikuyika malo amtundu mpaka mutakhwima kwathunthu ndikuwuma. Mabasiketi akauma bwino, mbewu zimagwera mosavuta kuchokera mu uvule wa tubular.
Ndi njere zomwe mwasonkhanitsa, mutha kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, zimafesedwa nthawi yomweyo. Zomwe zalandira mbande mchaka chokha zimapeza malo okhala. Kachiwiri, njere zimasungidwa bwino ndipo sizitaya kumera kwa zaka zitatu. Ngati palibe chifukwa chokonzanso makhadi, ndiye kuti mutha kuwagwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pake. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti monarda wopangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu za hybrid sangasungebe makolo ake. Njira yambewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pongokulitsa mbewu zamitundu mitundu.
Kukonzekera monarda yozizira
Ngati mbewu zomwe simukuyenera kusiya zitsamba, ndiye kuti zimakhala feteleza wabwino kwambiri kwa mbalame zomwe zikuvutika ndi njala m'dzinja. Zomwe zimatsalira pachikhalidwe cha pachaka zimachotsedwa pamaluwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Chapakatikati, mbande za kudzimana zimadzawoneka pamalo amodzi.
Koma za Monarda osatha, ali ndi kutentha kwa chisanu (kutentha - 25ºC mwakukhazikika pang'onopang'ono). Ngati madzi oundana m'dera lanu ali olimba, muyenera kupeza nthawi yozizira:
- Pangani ndalama yopanga 20-25 cm.
- Phimbani ndi dothi kapena udzu wokhala ndi makulidwe a masentimita 10-15.
- Kuti nyumba isawonongeke ndi mphepo, akanikizire mulch ndi mabatani ndi njerwa.
M'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kuthira chisanu pamwamba. Chapakatikati, kutentha kumayamba, amachotsa pogona ndikuchotsa phirilo lapansi kuti mbewuyo ikadzuka m'mawa.
Mitundu ya Monarda yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Zokolola za pachaka:
Citrus Monarda kapena mandimu Monarda citriodora
Citrus monarda kapena mandimu Monarda citriodora kubzala mbewu ndikusamalira chithunzi
Chimakhala chokhacho pachaka, chofika kutalika kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 95. Masamba ake owonda kwambiri, tsinde ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a lilac ali ndi mafuta ofunikira, omwe sakhala otsika poyerekeza ndi mafuta ofunika a basil, timbewu. Chifukwa chake, zipatso za zipatso za zipatsozi zimapangidwa ngati maluwa okongoletsera komanso zonunkhira.
Wophatikiza Monard Lambada Monarda lambada
Monarda wosakanizidwa Lambada Monarda lambada kukula ndi chithunzi chisamaliro
Ndiwo kholo la oweta aku Dutch. Pakudutsa magulu angapo a Citriodora munagwiritsidwa ntchito, fungo lamasamba ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ofanana kwambiri ndi mandimu.
Monarda punctata
Dot monarda Monarda punctata growar Leu chithunzi Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Amadziwikanso kuti mint wa mahatchi. Kukopa kumaperekedwa kwa mtunduwu ndi masamba owala a lalanje omwe amakhala mozungulira inflorescence. Duwa limatha kutalika 80 cm.
Mitundu yama monarda osatha:
Monarda doyma wachiwiri
Monarda pawiri Monarda didyma ikamatera ndi chithunzi
Imapezeka mtundu wamtchire pafupi ndi Great Lakes, kufotokoza koyamba komwe kudachokera mu 1656. Imakula mpaka 80 cm. Ndi mawonekedwe osazungulira, owongoka omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a tetrahedron. Masamba otsutsa omwe ali ndi mphonje amawombera ndi m'mphepete. Amakula mpaka 12 cm ndipo amakhala ndi stipule ofiira. Petiole ali pafupi kupezeka.
Mpweya wa chomera umamera mosiyanasiyana. Maluwa osaya a lilac kapena a violet amasonkhanitsidwa mumphepete, mpaka mainchesi 5, kutulutsa inflorescence. Zovala zowoneka ngati masamba, zofananira ndi maluwa, zimawonjezera chidwi pamtunduwu.
Wotengeka kapena tubular monarda Monarda fistulosa chilombo bergamot
Chithunzi chotsekedwa kapena chakumbuyo monarda Monarda fistulosa chithunzi cholima mbewu
Amamera mwachilengedwe m'nkhalango za Kum'mawa kwa North America. Ku Europe, amalimidwa kuti apeze zonunkhira. Izi osatha izi zimakula mpaka 0.6 - 1.20 m kutalika. Masamba ake osavuta serata amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi.
Maluwa ang'onoang'ono a lilac amalumikizana ndi ma whorls amtundu wabodza. Maluwa amazunguliridwa ndi ma stipule ofiira, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwongolera inflorescence ozungulira mawonekedwe. Pa peduncle imodzi pamakhala ma inflorescence a 5 - 9, omwe ali ndi mainchesi a cm cm 5. Amadziwika kuyambira 1637. Monarda wam'madzi wansomba ku Victoria anapangidwa ku Russia.
Wophatikiza Monarda Monarda x hybrida
Wophatikiza monarda Monarda x hybrida akukula ndi chithunzi cha chisamaliro
Dzinali limaphatikiza mitundu yomwe anthu omwe amabereka ku United Kingdom, Germany ndi United States amaphatikiza ikuphatikiza monad ndi iwiri. Kutalika kwa nsidze kumafika mita imodzi.
Chiwerengero cha mithunzi yazithunzi chikuwonekera mosiyanasiyana. Nayi ena a iwo:
- loyera: loyera chipale chofewa, buthulo wamkazi wa chipale chofewa, schneewittchen
- Burgundy: Burgundy Moldova, Prerienacht
- reds: Adamu, Balance, Cambridge Scarlet, Petit Delight, Mahogeni
- Lavender: Elsize Lavende
- Magenta: Kadinala, Prairie Glow, Dzuwa
- Violet: Zinta-Zinta, Pony, Fisheye
- Violet-purple hue: Blaustrumpf, Blue stocking.
Chithunzi cha Monarda hybrid Cambridge Scarlet Monarda Cambridge Scarlet chithunzi
Panorama osiyanasiyana amaphatikiza monarda mumitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku oyera-oyera, pinki kupita kwa rasipiberi, violet ndi burgundy.
Mphamvu zochiritsa za monarda
Chithunzi cha perennial maluwa monarda chithunzi chothandiza katundu
Homeopathy imagwiritsa ntchito monarda mozama monga gwero lamafuta ofunikira, mavitamini a gulu C, B1, B2 ndi zina zambiri zogwira ntchito. Zachidziwikire, chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri mu monard ndi mafuta ofunikira, omwe amadziwika ndi katundu wake wa bactericidal, yemwe ali ndi anti-anrupt, antioxidant, anti-nkhawa, kubereka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mwadongosolo kumatsuka msempha kuchokera ku ziwongo, kumathandiza kuthana ndi matenda a radiation, chimfine, komanso kumalimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito monarda m'matenda otsatirawa: chibayo, otitis media, cystitis, matenda am'mimba, matenda amkamwa. Amathandizanso kupweteka mutu, fungal matenda amisomali ndi kumapazi.
Ma beauticians amaphatikiza monarda popanga zokonzekera khungu (ziphuphu) zamkati, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la zonona mu gulu la zaka 45+.
Nyengo za nsomba ndi masamba zamasamba zimakonzedwa kuchokera masamba a monarda. Amaswedwa ngati tiyi, amawonjezeredwa supu ndi saladi.
Kwa yemwe monarda adalumikizidwa kwa mtundu uliwonse
Inde, Monarda ndiwothandiza, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kumavulaza thupi. Choyamba, monarda imaperekedwa kwa amayi apakati komanso amayi oyamwitsa, komanso kwa ana osakwana zaka 5. Sipangokhala pokhapokha yogwiritsa ntchito monarda mkati, komanso mawonekedwe a zida zopangira magetsi amafuta.
